Ukugcina iindleko eziphantsi
Le yimiba yenkcazo-mali yokutsalwa kwezimali-mali ukuba abaninzi abatyalo-mali bazi ukuba kubalulekile ukuvelisa i-index index.
Okubalulekileyo, i-index index kunye neendleko eziphantsi kakhulu zeendleko zivelisa ubuhle obuhle kwixesha. Oku kunenzuzo yokusebenzisa imali yenkcazo ngokuchasene nemali elawulwa ngokusebenzayo .
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba inkcazo yenkxaso-mali inexabiso lentengo ye-0.12 kodwa i -fund ephathekayo ephathekayo inomlinganiselo weendleko ze-1.12, inkcazo yenkcazo ine-1.00% inzuzo kwi-fund ephathwayo. Ngenxa yokuba iingxelo zezimali zilawulwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo (zifana nje neenkcukacha zeenkcukacha), iindleko zokulawula i-fund ziyancitshiswa ngokuphawulekayo. Ngaphandle kophando lwangempela olufunekayo, iindleko zingagcinwa ziphantsi kakhulu, ezineempembelelo ezintle kwimbuyekezo kwixesha.
I-Index Index Tracking
Ngoku siza kwinzululwazi yokukhomba. Abahlalutyi bamali-mali baqokelela iikhosi (iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamasheya okanye iibhonksi) ukudala amanqaku amanqaku ngenjongo yokulinganisa iirhafu eziqhelekileyo zemarike. Amanqaku awaziwa kakhulu yiDow Jones Industrial Average, i- S & P 500 kunye ne- NASDAQ .
Iimali zee-Index zifuna ukubonakalisa indlela yokusebenza yenkcazo ethile yokutshatyalaliswa. Ngokomzekelo, ezininzi iimali ze-stock stock zizama ukubetha isalathisi esilungeleyo kwiisitokisi ezinkulu, i-S & P 500.
Nangona kunjalo, injongo yeNgxowa-mali ye-S & P 500 "ayiyikubetha isalathisi" kodwa ukuyifanisa, oko kuthetha ukuba i-fund iya kuzama ukuphindaphinda ukusebenza kwesaziso.
Ukwenza oku, khankanya ngokucacileyo, i-fund iya kubamba iifowuni ezifanayo ezifunyenwe kwi-S & P 500. Ngoko ke, imali ephezulu ye-stock index iya kwenza umsebenzi ofanelekileyo wokudibanisa uluhlu lwee-stocks (ukubamba iqela) olumelelwe kwi-index index. Abahlalutyi bezithuthi bangabiza le "mpazamo ephantsi yokulandelela."
Ukusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulinganisela
Kukho ngaphezulu kokwakha ingxowa-mali yenkcazo kunokuba kuthengwa kuphela ukugcinwa kweemali ezimele kwi-index. Ukwenza imali yenkcazo, kwaye uqinisekise ukulandelwa kokusebenza kakuhle, iqela lolawulo kunye nabasebenzi abaxhasayo baya kugqiba ukuba zinani (inani lezabelo) kulowo nalowo ophethe uluhlu lokuthenga.
Le ngcamango kukufanisa ipesenti "ukulinganisa" kwesahlulo ngokwayo. Iingxelo ezibeka iindawo zokubamba ukwenzela ukuba iinqununu ezinkulu zinikwe ipesenteji ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-capital-indexed indexes (i-aka-weighted or cap cap marketed indexes).
I-S & P 500 ngumzekelo wesalathisi esinomlinganiselo we-cap. Uninzi lweengxowa-mali ziza kubonakalisa isalathisi esinomlinganiselo wesikhombiso ngokuthenga amasheya okubamba ukwenza izitokisini zibe neyona mali enkulu kakhulu kubambe ipesenti kwi-index index. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-stock ye-XYZ inesiseko esikhulu semali-mveliso, i-XYZ imveliso yesitoreji iya kubakho ipesenti enkulu kwinkokheli yenkcazo.
Izinto zokuHlola
Kwihlabathi lokukhomba, ubungakanani bunokubaluleka. Iinkampani ezinkulu ezinkulu zengxowa-mali, ezifana neVanguard, Fidelity, kunye noCharles Schwab zinamanani amaninzi abatyali-mali kwaye ngoko-ke zinempahla yokulawula kakuhle i-fund (oko kukuthenga amasheya e-holdings, ukubonelela ngemali ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokurhoxiswa kotyalo-mali). Ngokuthelekiswa, inkcazo yenkcazo ngexabiso elincinci leempahla lingafumana ubunzima ekugcineni iphothifoliyo ngokulinganayo ngokulinganisela kwisalathisi.
I-3 ephezulu kakhulu ye-S & P 500 Index Fund
Ngoku ukuba uyazi ukuba kuthatha ntoni ukwenza i-index index engcono, ngoku unokuqhubeka nokukhetha i-S & P 500 Index Index. Ndiqinisekile ukuba uya kuvuma neentlanganiso zethu ezintathu eziphezulu zeS & P 500 Index Fund:
- I-Index ye-Vanguard 500 (VFINX) : IVanguard yakhiwe ngokubhekiselele kwi-indexing kwaye yintsusa kwihlabathi leengxelo zemali. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 edlulileyo, umsunguli weVanguard, uJohn Bogle, waphawula ukuba uninzi lwabatyalo-mali abasenakho ukukhupha i-S & P 500 Index ngokuqhubekayo ngexesha elide. Ingcamango yakhe yayikukulinganisa nje ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha kunye nokugcina iindleko eziphantsi. Ukulula kunye nokungahambisani neentlobo ezimbini zeziphambili zokutshala imali kunye neVanguard zineziqhamo ezifanelekileyo. I-Vanguard iphinde ibe ngumnini-mali-mali, obeka phambili izinto eziphambili ngokubonelela ngeemali eziphezulu eziphantsi kwexabiso, kunye ne-ETFs, ngokuchasene nenkcubeko yeenzuzo eziphezulu eziqhelekileyo kumaziko emali angama-publicly.
- I-Fidelity Trust Spartan 500 Index (FUSEX): ubungakanani bokwethembeka , amava kunye neenkcukacha zokuncintisana neVanguard ukudibanisa ukwenza inkcazo yabo yenkxaso-mali yesibini kuphela kwiVanguard. Ngokuqhelekileyo imali yenkcazo phakathi kwezi zibini ezinkulu ziyakwazi ukucaciswa ngokweendleko kunye nokusebenza. Ekugqibeleni, ukhuphiswano ludala iimali eziphezulu kumgangatho-mali.
- I-Schwab S & P 500 Index (SWPPX): UCharles Schwab wenze umgudu obalaseleyo wokubonelela ngaphezu kwe-discounted brokerage inkonzo kubatyalomali: Baye bafaka ingqongqo kwiimarike zeengxowa-mali zeVanguard ne-Fidelity. Inkcazo yabo mali ngokuqhelekileyo iphezulu kakhulu kwixabiso lentengo kunezokhuphiswano ezikhudlwana kodwa ukuba usuyi-investor yeSchinab, ungayigcina imali yentlawulo yokusebenzisa imali ngaphandle kweenethiwekhi kunye nokusebenzisa i-index ye-index ye-Schwab.
Iingcebiso kwi-S & P 500 Index Index Fund
Ukuba unenhlanhla ngokwaneleyo ukuba ube nemali ephakamileyo kwi-akhawunti yakho yotyalo-mali, unako ukufumana ezinye iiklasi zentsebenzo ezinokulinganiswa kweendleko eziphantsi kunezo mali ezibhalwe apha. Ngokomzekelo, iVanguard inesinye isigaba sabelo, esibizwa ngokuba ngama-Admiral Shares anika amaxabiso angaphantsi.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.