Musa ukwenza utyalo-mali kunzima
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba iingcebiso ezinjalo ziphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, isizukulwana ngesizukulwana, kukho into eyenza abantu bafune ukuba bazive ngathi bafumene i-bullet bullet.
UWarren Buffett wachaza ukuba bekungekho mfuneko yokuba ububingeleli ukuba abantu babecinga ukuba imiyalelo elishumi yinto yonke efunekayo ukuze uphile ubomi bakho. Abanye abatyali-mali bafuna ubunzima; nqwenela, nokuba. Kukho into ephantsi ngaphakathi kwengqondo yabo evakalelwa kukuba ibalulekile, ilungu lebhulabhu, xa liboniswa ngemifanekiso eyimfihlelo, ukukhwabanisa okubalulekileyo, ii-codewords eziyingqayizivele kunye nenxalenye yobungcwele. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lokungahambi kakuhle lukhutshwa kwihlabathi.
Akuyiyo ingozi ukuba onke amashishini akhusele ngokuxakeka kunye nokudideka, ukubonelela ngabafundisi abakhulu bokuqeqeshwa ngokukhethekileyo ithuba lokwenza imali eninzi ngeendleko zabanye. Ngokwenyani, ngelixa isicwangciso esilulekayo sokwenza izigqibo ezinobuchule singathatha iminyaka ukufumana, umba oyintloko uhamba ngokuthe ngqo: Thenga ubunikazi bamashishini abalungileyo (amasheya) okanye imali yemboleko kwiibhanki ezifanelekileyo, ukuhlawula ixabiso elaneleyo ukuqinisekisa yokubuya okuyanelisayo nokuba izinto azisebenzi kakuhle ngokukhethekileyo (umda wokhuseleko), kwaye ke uzenze ixesha elide elaneleyo ( ngexesha elincinci, iminyaka emihlanu ) ukukhwela ukukhupha.
Yiyo leyo. Yiloo mfihlelo. Leyo ndlela elula yokutyalo-mali iyimfuneko yokwakha isakhelo apho kufuneka ukwazi ukuqokelela ubutyebi . Ngokuqinisekileyo, iinkcukacha zinokuba nzima, kodwa ukuphunyezwa akufanele kube. Umtyalo-mali ongenamashishini uthengi imali yokuthengiswa kwemali yokutshintshiselana , i- stocking short , okanye ukucinga ngeemveliso ezifana nokukhethwa kwezinto.
Imiphumo yokuyiphutha imbi kakhulu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, ukuba ibuhlungu, umzekeliso: Kungekudala, kwiblogi yam, ndenze i-case case yomntu oneminyaka engama-32 ubudala onomnini-shishini wase-Arizona ophethe ii-37,000 zama- akhawunti kwi- akhawunti ye-brokerage kwi-E-Trade. Wathatha indawo awayeyiqonda okanye ingozi eyayiyiqonda ngokupheleleyo kwaye yavuka ukuze ifumene ilahleko ze-$ 144,405.31 kwiakhawunti yakhe. Emva kokulahlekelwa konke ukulingana kwakhe, ngoku uhlawula i-firm $ 110,445.56 kwi- call call . Leyo ityala lokwenene elinokuphela kunye naye ekumemezelweni kwebhanki ukuba akakwazi ukufumana indlela yokwanelisa uxanduva.
Nangona xa abatyali-mali bathathela kwisitokisi, i-bond, kunye nobunikazi bentengo-mali, ukukhishwa kwabo kwezinto ezisisiseko zokutyalo-mali, njengemiphumo ephantsi yokubuyisela kwiintlawulo ezibuhlungu kwimali yazo. Ngokomnye uphando ndifunde kwi-giant-morning Morningstar, ngelixa ixesha lemarike yeemasheya libuyiselwe i-9% ngonyaka , umyinge-mali osisiseko ufumana ama-3% kuphela. Ingxenye yale ngxaki yayingenxa yokuthengisa ngexesha lokuphazamiseka nokuthengwa ngexesha leebhoom, inxalenye yalo yayijongene neendleko zokuxhatshazwa ezifana neekomishishini zokurhweba, iirhafu zentengo , kwaye inxalenye yayo yayiyiphumo lokuthatha umngcipheko omkhulu utyalo-mali kwiimpahla ezingaqondwanga.
Uninzi lwezi ziphatha luqhutywa ngabaphathi-mali abazama ukuba ngaphezu komyinge kunokuba bahlolisise izikhundla zabo zobungqina kwiinjongo zabo kwaye bavuyiswe iziphumo. Esikhundleni sokuba banelisekile ngokukhula ngokucotha kancinci ngonyaka ngamnye njengoko izahlulelo zabo kunye nomdla, zizama ukubetha ingxuma-enye, zonakalise i-capital yazo ngelahleko ezinkulu.
Xa Ifika Kwiingxowa-mali Zakho, Okuncinci Kuninzi
Le yintlekele kuba, ngeendlela ezininzi, utyalo-mali luyindawo apho amagama anqamlekileyo athi, "Okungaphantsi Kakhulu" kunye ne " Gcina ilula, isisithulu " ingqibelelo. Umtyalo-mali ochitha iminyaka yakhe engama-40 egcina imali rhoqo kwaye ebeka ukuba asebenze ngokuhlukana phakathi kwenkxaso- mali yenkxaso-mali ephantsi- mali kunye nenkxaso- mboleko ephakathi kwexabiso eliphantsi eliya kwenza yena kunye nentsapho yakhe.
Ininzi yale ntsebenzo yayiza kuba yiphumo lemali engekho ekhoyo engekho njengemali yokuxhaswa kweendleko eziza kuhlawulwa, okungenzeka ukuba ziphantsi kwe-0.25% ngonyaka. Ngaphandle koko, ukusebenza nekampani yokulawula i-asethi ephezulu ehlawulisa imali engama- 1.50% ngonyaka ngonyaka kwiimirhumo zolawulo kodwa eyanikezela ngenkonzo yemigodi emhlophe eyenza irhafu epheleleyo, i-estate, kunye nocwangciso lweepotfoliyo lula, kungenzeka ukufumana ukuzimela kwemali kunye nobutyebi obuninzi ngokubanzi ngokukhawuleza.
Kutheni abatshali-zimali abaninzi bengayilunganga indlela? Ngenxa yokuba ezi zicwangciso zinokubandezela. Makhe sicinge ngetyala lomtyalo-mali ofuna ukunikezwa kwee-stocks, iibhondi kunye ne-estate. Iphothifoliyo yakhe yonke inokubandakanya iimali zentsebenziswano ezintathu kuphela nangona kungengqalileyo, ube nekhulu lotyalo-mali. I- S & P 500 kuphela i-Microsoft, i-ExxonMobil, i-Apple, i-Wells Fargo, i-Berkshire Hathaway, i-American Express, i-General Electric, i-Procter ne-Gamble, i-Colgate-Palmolive, i-McDonald's, kunye namanye ama-stock angu-490!
- I-Vanguard ye-S & P 500 Index Index (Uphawu lweTikiti: VFINX)
- I-Vanguard ephakathi kwekota I-Bond Fund ehlawulwe irhafu-ntlawulo (Uphawu lweTikiti: VWITX)
- I-Vanguard REIT Index (Uphawu lweTikiti: VGSIX)
Ukuqhutywa kweli phothifoliyo bekuya kuba nakho konke ukuvuyela ukugcwalisa ifom ye-inshorensi. Unayo i-$ 100, okanye i-$ 500, okanye i-$ 1,000 okanye nayiphi na into ofuna ukuyihoxisa ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-bhanki inyanga nganye kwaye uhlulwe ngokulandelelana kwiimali ezintathu. Ngokubuyisela izibonelelo, inzuzo yengeniso, kunye neenzuzo ezinkulu kwi-career epheleleyo yeminyaka engama-40+, kuya kuba yinto eqinisekisiweyo, okanye ukuba into enjalo inokwenzeka kwilizwe elingekho elithile, ukuba umnikazi weepotfoliyo uza kuthatha umhlalaphantsi izigidi zeedola kwiimpahla ngenxa yamandla okuhlanganiswa . Zonke eziya kufunwa ziza kuhoxisa iingxelo ze-akhawunti ukwenzela ukuba ungenwayiyo ngamathambeka angenakupheka ama-50% kwixabiso lemarike ezenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngaphandle koko, ukuba umtyalomali wahamba kwindlela yokuzimela yabathengi, unokusebenza kunye nengcali yokwakha i- akhawunti ephethwe ngabanye ; uhlobo lweRolls Royce loshishino lolawulo lwezobutyebi, nangona kungekho nto inokufumaneka kubanini-mali-mali abaninzi (iifenethi eziluncedo ezinikela into enjalo zifuna izilinganiso zokuvula eziphakathi kwe-$ 500,000 ukuya kwii-10 000 zamaxabiso kwi-asethi). Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ndibalise ibali ngenye indlela efana nale ndlela yokuphumelela xa sithatha le ndlela ehambelana nengxoxo yethu yangoku ukuze ndiphinde kwakhona apha.
Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, ndandidla isidlo sasemini kunye nomhlalutyi kwelinye lezona zinto zilungileyo kakhulu, ezona zilungeleleneyo, ezihloniphekileyo kakhulu, ezihlonishwayo kwiinkampani zehlabathi. Ingaphakathi layo lalifana nelayibrari; ukukhala ngokude kwi-Wall Street umfanekiso ongacinga ukuba abantu abambalwa kuphela basebenze kwiofisi ephethe iibhiliyoni zeedola kubaxumi, bonke abo baninzi-mali; abaphathi, abanikazi boshishino, abadumileyo, izindlalifa. Ukutshintshisana neenkonzo zabo, le nkampani ihlawula umrhumo we-1.5% ngonyaka. Yenze imali eninzi kwiintsapho ezininzi, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, izizukulwana ezininzi zeentsapho; amadoda, amabhinqa, abantwana, abantwana, abazukulwana, abazukulu, bonke abahlala kwizahlulo, inzala kunye neendleko zeepostilili ezakhelwe kakuhle abalawuli abalawuli abakhele zona. Iimpawu ezintle awuzange uzive igama labo. Oku kukuklanywa.
Omnye umthengi, indoda ayeyenze imali eninzi kwixesha elide, wayenomonde kunye ne-conservatism ngexesha le-dot-com boom. Wabheka abahlobo bakhe benza i-20%, i-30% + ngonyaka, unyaka emva konyaka, ukugembula kwiimpahla ze-Intanethi ezingenazo ingeniso, akukho bathengi, kwaye akukho cwangciso soshishino oluzinzileyo. Le nkampani ethile yenqabe ukuthatha inxaxheba. Yayinomlando omude wabuyela emva kweentsuku ngaphambi kokuPhukisa okukhulu. Inkcubeko yenkcubeko yayisekelwe kwingcamango yokuba emva kokuba umthengi ecebile, injongo yayikugcina umthengi ocebileyo kuqala nokuphambili; ukubuya kwakunesibini. Ngenxa yoko, ngelixa imali ye-S & P 500 yeengxowa-mali, iimali eziphathekayo kunye kunye nabanye abatyale-mali behlabathi bafaka iiphothifoliyo zabo ngotshani, akenzanga nto. Bahlala e- blue chip stocks ezifana noJohnson & Johnson, besenza i-index engaphantsi kweminyaka emininzi njengemali yemali eyakhiweyo, elinde ukuba isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza kwithuba elifanelekileyo.
Umxhasi wagqitywa. Wabiza, efuna ukuthukuthela ukuthetha nomlawuli olawulayo. Xa efumene enye kwifowuni, wakhankanya into ethi, "Yintoni esiya kuhlawula ngayo isihogo imali enyakeni ngamnye ukuba yenze ngaphaya kwayo? Iphothifoliyo yam ayinayo imali yokuthenga. Wonke umntu wenza imali kwaye ulindele ukubuya kuka-Elvis. "
Umlawuli olawulayo, ebone le nto ngaphambili ngaphambi kwexesha lama-1960 elihamba phambili, ephendule ngokukhawuleza kwimigca ethi, "Usiqeshe ngeengcebiso zethu." Isiluleko sethu: Hamba udlala igalofu. ngenxa yokuba abanye abantu bayayenza loo nto. Siphathi imali ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa koontanga kodwa izinto eziphambili. Ngamanye amaxesha, usihlawula ukuba sikugcine kwizinto zakho ezimbi kakhulu. "
Ewe, wayelungile. Andizi ukuba ngaba umthengi othile wanyuka kwaye washiya i-firm (i-historia esilandelayo yayiza kubonisa ukuba yayiyiphutha elibi kakhulu ayeyenzile) kodwa abanye abantu, nangayiphi na isizathu, bengenalo amandla okanye ubugorha becinga ixesha elide kwaye ziphethe kakuhle. Baziva befuna ukuhlala besenza into ethile. Utyalo-mali olulula lunenzuzo. Ungalokothi ulibale loo nto.