01 Kutheni Kufuneka Uhlale Uthenga I-Mutual Fund
Ngobuninzi obunomdla, yintoni ummeleli-mali omele akhangele kwingxowa-mali? Esi sikhokelo esinezibonelelo ezilishumi, esiyinxalenye yeSikhokelo soQeqesho soQeqesho sokuTyala imali kwiMual Funds singenza inkqubo ibe lula kakhulu kwaye ikunike uxolo lwengqondo njengoko uhlawula ngamawaka eenketho ezikhoyo. Njengamaxesha onke, thabatha indebe yekhofi, hlala emva, kwaye akukho nangoko ungazivakalelwa njenge-fund fund!
Ezinye iintlawulo zemali zihlawula oko kwaziwa ngokuba ngumthwalo wokuthengisa. Lo ngumrhumo, ngokuqhelekileyo ujikeleze u-5% weefa, ohlawulwa kumntu othengisa i-fund. Ingaba yindlela enhle yokwenza imali ukuba ungumphathi wezobutyebi, kodwa ukuba udibanisa iphothifoliyo , kufuneka uthenge kuphela iimali eziphathekayo. Ngoba? Iimbalo ezilula!
Khawucinge ukuba uzuze i-$ 100,000 isamba semali kwaye ufuna ukutshala imali. Uneminyaka engama-25 ubudala. Ukuba utyalomali kwingxowa-mali engekho mthwalo, imali yakho iya kungena kwingxowa-mali kwaye yonke i-penny-i-$ 100,000 epheleleyo-iya kusebenza ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uthengela isikhwama somthwalo, uthi, umthwalo wokuthengiswa kwe-5.75%, ibhalansi yakho ye-akhawunti iya kuqala kwi-$ 94,250. Ukucinga ukuba kubuya kwi-11% yokubuya, ngexesha lokufikelela kumhlalaphantsi, uya kugcina nge-$ 373,755 imali encinci ngenxa yesigxina esilahlekelwe ngumthwalo wokuthengisa. Ngoko, phinda emva kwethu: Hlalani nithenga iimali ezidibeneyo zomthwalo. Zisoloko zithenga iimali ezidibeneyo zomthwalo. (Qhubeka Ukulondoloza!)
02 Hlalani Nenyameko kwiRatio-Inkcitho-Iyakwenza okanye Iphule!
Kuthatha imali ukuqhuba i-fund. Izinto ezinjengeikopi, ukuphathwa kweepotfoliyo kunye nemivuzo yabahlalutyi, ikhofi, ii-ofisi zokuqeshisa kunye nombane kufuneka zinyamekele phambi kokuba imali yakho ingenalo imali! Ipesenti yeempahla eziya kulezi zinto-intlawulo yeengcebiso kunye neendleko zokusebenza ezisisiseko-iyaziwa njengexabiso leendleko. Ngamafutshane, kuyindleko yokuba ne-fund. Cinga nje ngokuba isixa-mali sokubambisana sifanele sizuze nje ukuba siphule ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukuqala ukukhula ngemali yakho.
Yonke into elinganayo, ufuna ukufumana iimali eziphantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi. Ukuba iimali ezimbini zinexabiso leendleko ze-0.50% kunye ne-1.5%, ngokulandelanayo, lo mva unesithintelo esikhulu sokubetha ngaphambi kokuba imali iqalise kwi-pocketbookbook yakho. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, uya kutshitshiswa ukubona indlela enkulu ngayo umahluko phakathi kwezi zepesenti ezibonakalayo ezinokubangela ubutyebi bakho.
03 Gwema i-Mutual Funds kunye neeRatios eziPhakamileyo
Kubalulekile ukuba ugxininise kwizinga lokungena-oko kukuthi, ipesenti yepotfoliyo ethengiweyo kwaye ithengiswe ngonyaka-nangayiphi na ingxowa-mboleko oyicingayo. Isizathu kukuba i-bane ubudala ubudala yobukho bethu: Imirhumo.
Ukuba utyalo-mali kuphela nge-akhawunti engenahla yerhafu efana ne- 401k , i-Roth IRA, okanye i-IRA yeNdabuko, oku akuyiyo ingqalelo, kwaye akunandaba nokuba ulawula utyalo-mali ngaphandle kwenzuzo. Kuwo wonke umntu, nangona kunjalo, irhafu ingathatha umlingo omkhulu kwi-pie proverbial, ngakumbi ukuba unelungelo lokufumana iindawo eziphezulu zezinga lokufumana imali. Kufuneka uqaphele ngemali ehlawulwa ngumntu 50% okanye ngaphezulu kwepottoliyo.
04 Khangela iqela eliLawulayo, eliLawulayo
Ngaloo mini yokufikelela lula kwiinkcukacha, akufanele kube nzima ukufumana ulwazi kumphathi wakho wepottoliyo. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba ubambe i-fund fund kunye nomphathi ongenanto okanye engekho irekhodi yerekhodi okanye, ngakumbi nakakhulu, imbali yelahleko enkulu xa i-market yemarike ngokubanzi iyenze kakuhle kufuneka ucinge ngokusebenza ngokukhawuleza njengoko unako kwenye lathiso.
Isimo esilungileyo sisiseko esisekwe kwelinye okanye abahlalutyi abanomatsalane abanamandla / abaphathi beepotfoliyo ezakhele iqela labantu abanetalente nabaqeqeshwayo abajikelezayo ngokunyanzeliswayo kwimisebenzi yansuku zonke, ukuqinisekisa ukuguqulwa komthetho. Kule ndlela iifemu ezinjengeTweedy, Browne & Inkampani eNew York ziye zakwazi ukujika emva kweminyaka elishumi emva kokubuya kweemarike-ntlawulo ngelixa zingenakho ukuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi.
Ekugqibeleni, ufuna ukugxininisa ukuba abaphathi banesabelo esikhulu senani labo abatyala imali kunye nabanini-mali. Kulula ukuhlawula umrhumo womlomo kubatyalo-mali kodwa into ehlukileyo ukuba ibe nenkunzi yakho yengozini eceleni kwabo.
05 Fumana ifilosofi evumelana neyakho xa ukhetha i-Mutual Fund
Njengazo zonke izinto ebomini, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zefilosofi ekulawuleni imali. Ngokomntu, ndingumtyalo-mali. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ndijonga amabhizinisi endiyakholwayo athengisa kwisaphulelo esikhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba ndizithengise amashishini ambalwa ngonyaka kwaye, ngokuhamba kwexesha, kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu.
Kulo shishini, kukho imali edibeneyo ejoliswe kulolu hlobo lwexabiso lokutyalo - iTweedy, Browne & Inkampani, iNgxowa-mali yeTharensi yeThathu, i-Fairholme Fund, i-Oakmark Fund, i-Fund ye-Muhlenkamp kunye nokunye.
Abanye abantu bakholelwa kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"ukukhula" ukutyalo okuthetha ukuthenga nje iinkampani ezihamba phambili, ezinokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kungakhathaliseki ixabiso. Kanti abanye bakholelwa ekubeni baneenkampani ezibomvu-chip kuphela ezinezivuno zemali ezahlukileyo . Kubalulekile ukuba ufumane i-fund efanayo okanye intsapho yemali ehlanganyelanayo eyabelana ngefilosofi efanayo.
06 Khangela i-Diversification yeAsset
UWarren Buffett, owaziwayo ngokugxininisa impahla yakhe ngamathuba ambalwa amundoqo, uthe kwabangakwaziyo ngeemarike, ukuhlukahluka okugqithisileyo kunengqiqo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuba unganakho ukwenza isigwebo sitshintshile kwixabiso lenkampani, usasaza impahla yakho phakathi kwamashishini, amacandelo kunye namashishini athile. Ukufumana nje iimali ezahlukileyo ezine ezihlukeneyo kwicandelo lezezimali, umzekelo, alukho ukungafani. Ngaba kukho into yokubethelela loo mali kwizinga lokuhlaliswa kwangempela kwema-1990, iphothifoliyo yakho iya kubetha kanzima.
Yintoni ebonwa njengento efanelekileyo? Nazi ezinye izikhokelo ezinzima:
- Ungabi neemali ezikwenza icandelo elinzima okanye ishishini lokubhengeza. Ukuba ukhetha nangona le si lumkiso, qiniseka ukuba awunaso isabelo esikhulu sezimali zakho ezityalomali kuzo.
- Musa ukugcina zonke iimali zakho kwiintsapho ezifanayo. Ngokusasaza iifayili zakho kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo, unokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxabano zangaphakathi, ukuphulwa komthetho kunye nezinye iingxaki ezikhoyo.
- Musa ukucinga nje ngamasheya. Kukho neengxowa-mali zezindlu, iimali zamazwe ngamazwe, iimali zokufumana imali, imali ye- arbitrage, imali eguquguqukayo, kunye nokunye okuninzi. Nangona mhlawumbi kubulumko ukuba ube nephambili kwipotfoliyo yakho kwiimpahla zangaphakathi kwixesha elingangexesha elide, kukho ezinye iindawo ezinganikeza ukubuyisela okuhle.
07 I-Case for Index Index
Umtyalo-mali oqhelekileyo oneminyaka elishumi okanye ngaphezulu ukutyalomali kwaye ufuna ukubeka bucala imali ukuze ihlanganiswe ixesha elide, imali yenkcazo ingaba lukhetho olukhulu. Zidibanisa amanani angaphantsi kokungenakulinganiswa okuthengiswayo kunye nokulinganiswa kweendleko eziphantsi kwamadwala kunye nokusabalalisa okubanzi; ngamanye amagama, ngokwenene unokufumana ikhekhe kwaye uyidle, nayo.
Unomdla? Hlola iVanguard kunye ne-Fidelity njengoko beyienkokheli ezingenakuphikiswa kwiimali zeendleko zexabiso eliphantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, khangela i-S & P 500 isikhwama okanye ezinye iindleko ezinkulu ezifana neWilshire 5000 okanye i-Dow Jones Industrial Average.
08 ILizwi kwiiNgxowa-mali zamazwe ngamazwe
Xa utyalo ngaphandle kwe-US, iindleko ziphezulu. Kodwa kwixesha elidlulileyo, amasheya kumazwe angaphandle abonise ukulungiswa okuphantsi kunye nalawo aseMerika. Xa kwakhiwa iiphothifoliyo ezenzelwe ukwakha ubutyebi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le ngcamango kukuba ezi zabelo azikwazanga ukubethelwa nzima xa ama-American equities ahlaselwa (kunye ne-visa versa.)
Okokuqala, ukuba uya kuhamba kwiimarike zentengiso yamazwe ngamazwe ngokufumana i-fund, kufuneka ukuba unabo kuphela abatyala imali kwiimarike ezisekelwe njengeJapan, Great Britain, eJamani, eBrazil nakwamanye amazwe azinzile. Ezinye iindlela zokuthengisa iimarike eziza kuba yingcipheko enkulu kwezopolitiko nakwezomnotho, nangona zinikela ngenzuzo ephezulu.
09 Yazi iBhenkmark efanelekileyo kwiiNgxowa-mali zakho zoMbutho
; Nganye iifom ineendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nenjongo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kufuneka uqhathanise nantoni na ukuba umphathi wakho wephothifoliyo wenza umsebenzi omhle. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unayo i-fund efanelekileyo egcina i-50% yeempahla zayo kwi-stocks kunye ne-50% kwiibhonkco, kufuneka ujabule ngokubuyela kwe-10% nangona ukuba i-marketer ebanzi yenza 14%. Ngoba? Ukulungiswa kwengozi oyithathileyo kunye nenkunzi yakho, ukubuya kwakho kwakuyi-stellar!
Ezinye iibhenkethi ezithandwayo ziquka iDow Jones Industrial Average , i- S & P 500 , uRussell 2000, i-Composite ye-Nasdaq kunye neS & P 400 Midcap. Kulula le mihla ukukhangela i-intanethi ukubona ukuba ziphi iimpawu zokugcina iimali ezibophelelwe. Unokwenza uphando malunga neengxowa-mali kunye nokufumanisa indlela abavavanya ngayo, babone idatha yeembali, baze bafumane iingcamango zabo kwi-quality and talent yeqela lolawulo lwephothifoliyo.
Ixesha lonke i-Dollar iyancipha umyinge
Uyazi, usenokucinga ukuba siya kudinwa ukuthetha kodwa idoli ebiza ixabiso elona ndlela yindlela efanelekileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko kwixesha elide kwaye uncede unciphise isiseko seendleko zakho jikelele. Enyanisweni, unako ukufumana yonke inkcazelo nge-dollar ebiza ixabiso-nokuba yintoni, indlela onokuyizalisa ngayo inkqubo yakho, nokuba njani unokukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokutshala imali ngexesha-kwinqaku le- Dollar Cost Averaging: A Technique Ukutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwengozi yeMakethe . Thatha isikhashana uze uyihlole. Iphothifoliyo yakho ingaba bhetele ngakumbi kuba utyalombile imizuzu embalwa yexesha lakho.
Ukuququmbela …
Kukho itoni yezixhobo ezinzulu apho malunga nokukhetha nokukhetha i-fund efanayo kunye ne- Mutual Fund indawo leyo eya kwiinkalo ezikhulu kuzo zonke ezi zihloko kunye nokunye. I-Morningstar nayo ikwasetyenziswe kakuhle. Khawukhumbule ukuba okubalulekileyo kukuba uhlale uqeqeshwe, uqikelele, kwaye ugweme ukufuduswa kweendleko zexesha elifutshane kwimarike. Injongo yakho ukwakha ubutyebi ngaphezu kwexesha elide. Awukwazi ukwenza oko kuhamba kunye nokuphuma kweemali, okubandakanya iindleko zokuxhatshazwa kunye nokudala imicimbi yerhafu.
Umnqweno omhle