Ubungozi bokungcola - Inkcazelo emfutshane
Ngokwemigqaliselo elula, ukubeka umngcipheko wobungozi kubhekiselele kumngcipheko wokuba utyalo-mali lungaba nomthengi okanye umthengisi osebenzayo xa ulungele ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba uya kubambelela ubambe utyalo-mali ngexesha ofuna imali. Kwiimeko ezigqithiseleyo, umngcipheko wobungozi bungenza ukuba uthathe ilahleko ezinkulu kuba ufanele ufake uphawu lwepropati yakho kwixabiso lokuthengisa ngomlilo ukukhangela abathengi.
Esinye sezizathu zeelahleko ezichaphazelekayo kwiifemu zemali ngexesha loKhuseleko oluPhambili yiyo yokuba ezi nkampani zinamasheya angabikho. Xa befumene bengenayo imali eyaneleyo yokuhlawula iindleko zemihla ngemihla, bahamba ukuthengisa ezo zinto kodwa bafumanisa ukuba imarike yayomile ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, kwafuneka bathengise nayiphi na intengo abayifumanayo-ngamanye amaxesha baphantsi nje ngeepennies ezimbalwa kwi dollar!
Icala elidumileyo liLehman Brothers, elalixhaswa ngemali eninzi kakhulu.
Ulawulo olubuwula lusetyenzise le mali elifutshane-mali ukuthenga utyalo-mali olude lwangexesha elide elingenalo i-liquid - okanye kunokuba, ixabiso eliye lahlaselwa emva kokuphazamiseka. Xa imali yesikhashana ixotshiwe, i-firm ayikwazanga ukuphuma ngemali ngenxa yokuba ayikwazanga ukuthengisa i-long-term, i-securities securities fast fast to meet the obligations.
Abanini-zimpahla babephuculwa phantse ngaphandle kwenyaniso yokuba uLehman wayenenzuzo kwaye wayenelungelo lokubiza inkunzi yeebhiliyoni eziligidi.
Ngasentla, kukho ithuba elinobungozi bokungcola ngenxa yokuba ezinye iinkampani kunye nabatyalomali ababethengisa ngemali babekwazi ukuthenga izinto eziphazamisekile. Ezinye zale "ngonyama" abatyali-mali batyala ukubulala ngenxa yokuba babeneemakhishithi ezinokuxhasa ukugcina iimali-mali ezingezizo ixesha elide.
Ukuhlawula iingozi zobungozi, abatyalo-mali bahlala befuna irhafu ephezulu yokubuyisela ngemali etyalomali kwiimpahla ezingekho phantsi. Okokuthi, ishishini elincinci alinakuthengiswa ngokulula kwiimeko ezininzi ukuze abatyali-mali bakwazi ukufuna izinga eliphezulu lokubuyisela ukutyalomali kwizabelo zalo kunokuba bebenokuba yi- stock chip ye-blue chip . Ngokufanayo, abatyali-mali bafuna ukubuya imali encinci yokupaka imali ebhankini.
Ubungozi bamanzi - i-Long Version
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobungozi bokungena kwempahla kodwa ndiza kufundisa wena malunga nezona zintathu eziphambili ezinokuthi zixhaphaze iimali-mali.
- Ubungozi bomngcipheko # 1 - I- Bid / Offer Spread Widening - Xa uxakeka ngokukhawuleza ukushayina imarike okanye utyalo-mali ngamnye, ungabona ibhidi kwaye ucele ukutyhulwa kwebala ukuze umthengisi abe nexesha elinzima elifanisa abathengi kunye nabathengisi. Okokuthi, izabelo zakho zeSikhwama se-XYZ zinexabiso elithengayo lemarike langama-R20 wama-20 kodwa ibhidi ingahle iwele kwi-$ 14 ukuze ungeke ufumane i-$ 20 oyifunayo! Ngokusoloko ubona omkhulu kakhulu ukubuza / ukusabalala ngokubanzi kwiitoksi kunye neebhonkco ezithengiswa kakuhle, ngelixa i-large, icebo ye-blue chip stocks isoloko isasazeka njengepenny okanye ezimbini.
- Ubungozi bomngcipheko wesi-2 - Ukungakwazi ukujongana neembopheleleko zemali ekuhlawulwa kweNtlawulo xa kuhlawulwa i-Payment. Ukuba inkampani inemali eyi-100 yezigidi kwiibhonkqo ezifikelela ekuvuthweni, kulindeleke ukuba zihlawule yonke ibhalansi yemali eyi-100 yezigidi ngosuku lokukhula. Uninzi lwexesha, amashishini ahlaziya le matyala. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iimarike zeebatyala azisebenzi, njengangethuba lokubuyisela ixesha elide xa i-credit crunch yenza ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuboleka imali? Kwimeko enjalo, ukuba inkampani ayikwazanga ukukhupha i-$ 100 yezigidi, ingafakwa kwinkundla yebhanki nokuba iyanceda kakhulu. Uza kufumana uvalelwe kuyo into enokuba yiminyaka yokusebenza ngokusemthethweni ngenxa yenkampani ebeka kakubi umngcipheko wayo wobungozi.
- Ubungozi bomngcipheko # 3 - Ukungakwazi ukufikelela kwiimfuno zezeMali kwixabiso elincincikayo - oku kungenakwenzeka ukuba inkampani okanye omnye utyalo-mali ukunyusa imali eyaneleyo yokusebenza kakuhle kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno zayo ngexabiso elinoqoqosho. UWal-Mart Stores, Inc., umzekelo, ngenye yeenkampani ezinkulu kunye ezinenzuzo kakhulu emhlabeni. Unamashumi amabhiliyoni eedola kwiitalente ukwenzela ukuba ukwandise isakhiwo semali yenkampani. Ukuba iimarike zahamba nge-haywire kusasa kwaye uWal-Mart akakwazanga ukuboleka ku-6% kwaye abatyali-mali bebefuna i-30%, bekungeke kube nengqiqo ukuba inkampani ikhuphe izibophelelo. Ngokwenyani, ukuthengiswa kweemarike kwakuya kubomisa ngokupheleleyo kwaye abagcini-zimpahla be-Wal-Mart babeza kuba nexhala malunga nenkampani ezayo eneemali ezaneleyo zokususa lonke ityala layo.
Ukukhusela kwakhona Ingozi yobungozi
Kukho iindlela ezininzi onokukunceda ukuzikhusela kumngcipheko wobutyebi. Ezi ziquka:
- Ungalokothi uthenge utyalo-mali olude olude ngaphandle kokuba unako ukubanceda ngokugqithisa okubi kunye nokulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi. Ukuba ungadinga imali kwiinyanga ezintandathu, ungathengi isatifikethi seminyaka emi-5 yesitokethi okanye isakhiwo sezindlu.
- Khumbula ukuba ityala lakho lilonke lingabalulekanga njengoko inani lemali engaphezu kwemali emva kokuba wenze iintlawulo zakho zetyala ngenyanga. Intlawulo ehlawulweyo ye-$ 5,000 ngenyanga ixakeka kumntu onama-6,000 wamawaka ngenyanga ngenyanga yokuhlawula ekhaya. Iintlawulo ezifanayo ziyimpazamo yokujikeleza kumntu okwenza i-$ 300,000 ngenyanga. Yonke into elinganayo, inkulu phakathi kwemali oyifumanayo ngenyanga kunye nemali oyihlawulayo, ingaphantsi ithuba lokuba ubanjwe ngengozi yobungozi.
- Gwema utyalo-mali kwiinkampani ezijongene nobungozi bokungena kwempahla. Ingaba kukho nawaphi na amatyala amakhulu okuhlaziya izicwangciso ezinokubeka umngcipheko inhlalakahle yenkampani? Ingaba inkampani ibinomgca we-balance sheet kunye nemithombo yenkxaso-mali yangexesha elide, njengabalingani bamasabelo endaweni yexesha elifutshane lediphozi? Ukuba awuyiqondi into oku kuthetha ngayo, kufuneka uzinamathele kwiindleko eziphantsi, iifom zenkcazo ezahlukileyo.