Ukuphonononga i-Investment Portfolio yakho ukuNceda ukuNciphisa ingozi
Ngelishwa, uhlalutyo lwephothifoliyo lungabonakala lukhuni uze ufumane ukuxhomekeka kolwabiwo-mali.
Ukwenza inkqubo ibe lula kwaye ifikeleleke, ndifuna ukugxila ekuphenduleni imibuzo emininzi kuwe:
- Uphi uhlalutyo lwepotfolio?
- Kutheni kubalulekile ukuhlaziywa kwepottoliyo?
- Ziziphi ezinye zezinto oza kuziqwalasela xa uhlalutya iphothifoliyo?
Inethemba lam kukuba le ntetho esisiseko iya kukulungela kangcono umsebenzi wokuvavanya impilo yakho yepotfoliyo okanye, ukuba uphumelela loo msebenzi kwizakhono, ukuqonda ezinye iinkalo malunga nokufuna ukubuza imibuzo.
Uhlalutyo lwePhothifoliyo kwaye Kutheni Kubalulekile?
Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuphunyezwa, uhlalutyo lwephothifoliyo yinkqubo yokwaphula kunye nokufunda iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali ukwenzela ukuba ibone ngokufanelekileyo ukulungiselela iimfuno ze-investor, iimfuno, kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokukwazi ukufikelela kwiinjongo kunye neenjongo zogunyaziso oluthile lotyalo-mali. , ngokukodwa kwisiseko esilungelelaniswe nengozi kwaye ngokubhekiselele kwintsebenzo yeklasi ye-asethi .
Ukubonelela umzekeliso: ukuba umtyalomali kufuneka afike kumcebisi otyalo-mali obhalisiweyo okanye inkampani yokulawula i-asethi kwaye acele ukuhlalutya kwipotfoliyo yempahla yakhe esekelwe kwiminqweno yokugcinwa kwenkunzi kwixesha eliyiminyaka emihlanu, iqumrhu elicebisa limele lijonge amabamba ngaphakathi kwiphothifoliyo kwaye uzame ukufumanisa ukuba ezo zikhundla zibandakanya ixabiso elinomntu onokuqiqayo unokumisela ukuba ube ngumgangatho ophezulu wokugcina ukungabi nanyaniseki kunye nokwaneleyo.
Iqumrhu elicebisayo liya kufuna ukukhusela nayiphi na isabelo esichazayo kwiimpahla ezikhethiweyo, ukhetha endaweni yokuba ugxininise imali, iimali zeemarike zemali eziqhuba kakuhle, izatifikethi zediphozithi ezixhaswe yi-FDIC , iibhidi zeeNondyebo ze- US kunye namanqaku, kunye nezinye, utyalo-mali olufaniswayo. Kwipolfoliyo enjalo, injongo yokuvelisa ingeniso-mali ngohlobo lwezabelo okanye inzala iya kuba yinkcazo yesibini okanye ephakamileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba inqununu ikhona apho umtyalomali kufuneka afumaneke.
Ezinye izinto ezifanele uziqwalasele xa wenza uhlalutyo lwePortfolio
Nangona kukho iindlela ezininzi zokujamelana nomngeni wokuhlalutya kwipotfoliyo, ndicinga ukuba kunceda ukuluhlula kwimisebenzi emithathu eyintloko.
Okokuqala, hlola iphothifoliyo ngokubanzi. Injongo apha kukuqonda ukuba iphothifoliyo, ithathwa ngokupheleleyo, ikhona ngokumalunga nezinye iiphothifoliyo okanye enye inqaku elifanelekileyo; umzekelo, kwimeko yephothifoliyo yokulingana konke oku kuthetha ukuba ukhangele iimpawu ze-portfolio-inani elipheleleyo lezithothifoliyo, umlinganiselo wexabiso-kuya-umvuzo wepotfoliyo ngokubanzi, isivuno sokwabiwa kwemali kwipotfoliyo lonke, izinga lokukhula elilindelekileyo ekujongeni igalelo ngalinye ngesabelo- kwaye ngokuthelekisa nabo malunga nenkcazo yemakethi yempahla efana ne- S & P 500 okanye i- Dow Jones Industrial Average .
Okwesibini, hlola iingxenye zeepotifoliyo ngokumalunga nomnye. Injongo ngeli nqanaba kukuqonda indlela umntu ngamnye abambe ngayo kwipotifoliyo ithonyelwe, ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, mhlawumbi ngomnye okanye kwezinye izinto ezichaphazela i-asethi nganye ngokwahlukileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uhlalutyo lwephothifoliyo lubandakanye nawaphi na amashishini afanelekileyo, njengotyalo- mali kwishishini elincinci , kunye nayiphi na indawo yokuhlala. Ngokomzekelo, umqhubi wesibini owona mkhulu u-Dairy Queen franchisee e-United States wafuna ukukhusela i-bankrupt ngasekupheleni konyaka we-2017 kuba ukuhla kwexabiso lamafutha kuye kwaphumela ekulahlekelweni kwemali phakathi kwabantu apho kwakukho ipesenti enkulu yokutya. Nabani na umtyalomali obambe isigxina sokulingana kuloo mqhubi we-franchisee uya kwandisa ingozi yakhe ngokubamba izabelo ze-oil majors, ezifana nesitokisi sokupaka kwi-ExxonMobil okanye i-Chevron kwi- akhawunti yokurhafisa irhafu okanye i- Roth IRA .
Nangona i-petroli, i-jet fuel, i-oil fuel, kunye ne-gesi yendalo ayibonakali ininzi efana ne-ice cream cones kunye nezinja ezishushu, zidibeneyo kule meko ngenxa yeendawo zokutya ezithengiswayo, ezixhomekeke kwindawo abathengi ababethe iifowuni zabo kwii-oyile zeoli, bakwazi ukufumana ukutya ngaphandle kwekhaya.
Okwesithathu, hlola iingxenye zeepotifoliyo ukusuka kumhlaba njengemali-mali yokuzimela. Njengoko isithuba ngasinye sihlalutyiweyo-kwaye ukuphinda into endiyithethi rhoqo kwiminyaka-kufuneka uzibuze, "Yintoni endiyenayo le nto?", "Ndiyilindele ntoni ukuba imali ephumayo yerhafu ilandelelwe Ixabiso endilihlawulayo? ", kwaye" Ndiyiphi na imiqathango endingaqhubeka ndiyibambe isigxina? ". Oku kunokuthintela ububungqina obuninzi ukusuka ekubeni wenze indlela yayo kwi-balance sheet. Ukongezelela, le nyathelo ibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kwindlela yokulawula umngcipheko kuba kubonakala ngathi ukukhohlisa okuthile kuye kwawela iWall Street kunye nabasomali-mali ngezikhathi ezithile, kubangele abanye abantu abanengqiqo ukuba bayifake ezintloko zabo ukuba bafanele bafumane [faka igama inkampani ethile, icandelo, okanye ishishini eliqhuba kakuhle okwangoku apha njengoko isicatshulwa singatshintshiyo, nje abadlali]. Ngokunyuka kwangoko kwabizwa ngokuba yi-Robo-Advisors, le nkinga ibonakala iqhube ngakumbi. Kungekudala, ndiqhuba ukuhlaziywa komntu othile kwaye ndafumanisa ukuba isabelo sabo esabelwe ngaphambili sasiquka i -ETF yexabiso eliphantsi . Ingxaki: njengoko ndagqiba kwiifayile zokuthengiselana ngeengxowa-mali, ndafumanisa ukuba ezinye zeekhonkco ezazibanjwe zibopheleleke kakhulu ezinobungozi obungabonakaliyo ezimele iimali mboleko kumazwe asithathu ehlabathini. Kuyinto engenangqiqo kunye nobuwula ukuba uthenge i-asethi engayithandiyo nje kuba ihambelana nolunye uluhlu oluthambileyo lwezinto ocinga ukuba ufuna. Zininzi iindlela ezininzi zokwakha ubutyebi. Ndingathanda ukufumana imali encinci ngokubamba ibhondi yebhanki yokutshala imali kunomkhumbi wam uncedo oluxabisekileyo kwilizwe elizweni elinelungelo lokwenene lokungahlawuli iindleko zalo.
Uhlalutyo lweePolfoliyo zeZiko lungaba luninzi
Nangona la mathathu amanyathelo athatyathwa ngabanini-zimali ngabanye, abatyali-mali beziko babe nezinye iinkqubo zokuhlaziywa kwephothifoliyo ezifuna ukuzigqiba xa ziphonononga iimpahla phantsi kolawulo. Ngokumalunga nale nkqubo ilapha ngentla, abaphathi beepotfoliyo banqwenela ukwenza ukuhlolwa koxinzelelo lwangaphambili emva kokuvavanya ukujonga indlela iphothifoliyo enikwe ngayo inokwenzeka ukuba yenzeke phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zezoqoqosho okanye iimarike ngokufanisa ukuphindaphinda kwe-Great Depress of 1929. ka-1987, ingxaki yezimali yase-Asia ye-1997 okanye i-Greatest Recession eqala ngoDisemba ka-2007. Kwiziko leziko, ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zobungcali ezifana neBloomberg kunye ne-FactSet banikezela iinkonzo ezivumela ukuba le mimiselo iqhutywe kufuphi nexesha langempela okanye ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuhambelana neshedyuli yokuhlaziywa kohlaziyo lweepotfoliyo rhoqo ngumphathi wepottoliyo okanye ikomiti yotyalo-mali yenkampani yokulawula i-asethi. Ukongezelela, inkampani yokucebisa utyalo-mali oqeshwe ukuba utyalo-mali obanjwe kwingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi, ephantsi kwemithetho emininzi nemimiselo equka uMthetho woKhuseleko loNgeniso loNgeniso lweNgqesho ka-1974 (ERISA), uya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-portfolio iimbono ziyavumelana kwaye zifanelekileyo. Kuyafana ne- trustee ye-fund trust , ngubani omele aqinisekise rhoqo ukuba i-asethi ye-trust and transactions, kubandakanywa nayiphi na intlawulo okanye iintlawulo, ziyahambelana nesixhobo sokuthenjwa.
I-Balance ayinikezeli irhafu, utyalo-mali, iinkonzo zemali kunye neengcebiso. Ulwazi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iinjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela, okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu.