IiNzuzo kunye neNgcaciso ye-Investment Bonds yeeNkampani zePortfolio yakho
Nangona le klasi ye-asethi ingabantu bonke, inendawo yayo kwipotfoliyo yomntu ofanelekileyo okanye isikhungo.
Ziziphi iibhondi zeeNkampani?
Xa uthengisa ibhondi yequmrhu, uboleka imali kwishishini elikhuphayo ngokutshintshela iintlawulo zomdla. Inkampani ingasebenzisa le mali ukwakha iifekthi ezintsha, ukuguqula isakhiwo sayo semali ukuze kuveliswe imali ephezulu kwi-equity , ukufumana ukukhuphisana, ukutshala ekuveliseni umkhiqizo, ukuhlaziya ityala elidala, okanye ezinye izinto ebhodi yabalawuli kunye nabaphathi bacinga ukuba ngcamango.
Kwiibophezelo ezinokutsha, ezilula, ezi-plain-vanilla ngaphandle kweemfuno ezithile okanye izakhiwo ezikhethekileyo, uya kunika imali elinganayo nexabiso elibalulekayo. Ngexesha elizayo lokukhula, loo mali iya kubuyiselwa kuwe, kwaye ubophelo luya kupheliswa. Ngexeshana, uya kufumana inzala yenzalo yonyaka elinganayo nereyithoni yebhondi.
EUnited State, ngokuqhelekileyo isiqhelo samabhonkco ebambiseneyo ukwahlula ikhuphoni ngokulinganayo kwiintlawulo ezimbini, zifunyenwe emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, ngoko ke abaxhasi abanakudinga ukulinda iinyanga ezilishumi elinesibini ngaphambi kokufumana imali engenayo .
Yintoni enokumisela umlinganiselo weNzala kumabhondi ebhizinisi?
Xa utyalomali kwiibhonkco zenkampani, inzala enomvuzo oyifumayo incike kwiimeko eziliqela ezibandakanya, kodwa azithethi:
- Ixesha lokuxhomekeka kweendleko abatyali-mali abanalo ngelo xesha - Oku kudlalwa njengesivuno kwisibophelelo esifana ne-US Treasury bond.
- Usuku lokuvuthwa - Utyalo-mali kufuneka alinde ukufumana inqununu yebhanki evela kwinkampani ekhuphe isibophelelo, ephakamileyo inzala enokuthi iyimfuneko kwiimeko ezininzi. Kukho ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezenzeka ngokungaqhelekanga (eyaziwa ngokuba yi "curve isivinini").
- Umgangatho wekhredithi yekhredithi ye-issuer ye-bond-Ibhondi ibonisa isithembiso sokuthi i-corporation izakuhlawula, umboleki. Ukuba inkampani iya kuphazamiseka, ungeke ufumane imali yakho kuwe, nokuba yiyo yonke okanye inxalenye. Iinkampani ezinamandla, kunye neengxelo zemali kunye neengxelo zengeniso , ziya kuba neendleko ezihlawuliswayo ezincinci kunezo shishini ezikhuselekileyo kunye nokunyusa okanye ukunciphisa ukuthengisa.
- Izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso - Xa izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso liqhuba phezulu, abatyali-zimali baya kufuna ukuba izibophelelo zenkampani zivelise ngaphezulu, ngoko alahlekelwa amandla okuthenga.
- Intlawulo yerhafu isetyenziselwa umtsalane-mtshato - Akukho zonke iintlawulo ezihlawuliswayo. Oorhulumente, uRhulumente, noorhulumente basekuhlaleni baya kuba neenzuzo ezithile ezinxulumene neentlawulo, ezifana nesimo sokungafihla irhafu, esivumela ukuba abatyali-mali bahlawule ngakumbi xa befumana inzuzo efanayo yemali. Ukwenza ukuthelekiswa kweapulo-to-apple, kufuneka ubale into eyaziwa njengesivuno esifanayo .
- Izimo ze-Macroeconomic - Ukuba ihlabathi lijongene nosongelo lwenkunkuma yenyukliya okanye uhlanga luphezu kwelokuhlaselwa; amaxabiso amabhondi ehlanganisiweyo aya kuwa. Oku kuya kuthumela isibophelelo esiqhankqalaza ngophahla kuba abatyali-mali bacinga ukuba amathuba okungafumani intlawulo aphezulu kakhulu, okanye afuna ukuthatha ulwalamano oluninzi njengoko banako ukufumana intsapho yabo.
- Intlawulo ohlawulayo - Oku kuyinyani ukuba uyathengisa ibhondi kwimarike yesibini (ukusuka kwelinye i-zimali endaweni yexesha lokukhutshwa). Esi sihloko esinzima kunokuba sifune inkcazelo yaso, kodwa kulungile ukuba sitsho ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwezinga lekhuphoni - ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu - kuxhomekeke kwintlawulo ohlawulayo ukuthenga ubhonkco. Ngexesha lokunciphisa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwemali, abatyala-mali abasenayo abanokufumana imali eninzi bayakwazi ukuzithengela kwaye bathenge amabhondi aphezulu ebhankini kwizivuno ezicebisi kakhulu, ukuvalelwa kwimihla yokuhlawula eqhubekayo kwiminyaka emashumi.
Yiyiphi iAkhawunti okanye abaTyalo-mali abaya kuba yinto efanelekileyo kakhulu kwiibhondi zebhanki?
Iibhondi zoshishino zihlawulwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-Federal, State, kunye namanqanaba asekuhlaleni. Oku kuthetha ukuba umvuno we-intanethi yemali engezantsi iya kuba yinto eyahlukileyo kuyo yonke into, kuxhomekeke kwisilinganiso sakho sentela kunye nendawo. Oku kuthetha ukuba izibophelelo zentsebenziswano, ezivakalayo zivelisa phezulu kakhulu kunezibophelelo zeeNondyebo kunye nezibophelelwano zikamasipala, zilungelelwano lwezemvelo kwiindawo zokukhusela zerhafu ezifana neRoth IRA, i-RRA ye-Traditional, 401 (k), 403 (b), i-SEP-IRA, okanye isicwangciso somhlalaphantsi. Enyanisweni, abatyali-mali abafuni ukujongana neemali ezibophelelweyo , izibophelelo zenkampani zifanelekile; akufanele ubenamabhanki omasipala angenazo iintlawulo kwiingxelo ngenxa yokuba iimeko eziyinkimbinkimbi zekhowudi yentlawulo ziya kuba zihlala zikhokelela ekufumaneni imali engenayo encinci kwi-holdings yakho kunokuba ungayinandipha.
Ngokwahlukileyo, umtyalo-mpahla ophumeleleyo ophethe iibhanki zenkampani ngokusebenzisa i- akhawunti ye-brokerage rhoqo, kwaye ngubani ohlala kwiimeko zerhafu inzala yomhlala-mboleko (phantse bonke abenzayo), uya kubona yonke inzala yakhe inzala ethathwe kuye Imirhumo ye-Federal, irhafu yelizwe, irhafu yendawo, kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso kuyancitshiswa kwimbuyekezo yakhe. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kuyanzima ngenxa yokuba kukho ezinye izizathu zokubambisa izibophelelo zenkampani ngaphandle kwengeniso yenzalo , ngakumbi ukuba kukho ithikithi yeloti ehlanganiswe ngendlela yokuguqulwa okukunika ithuba lokuguqula isibopho kwisitye esifanayo kwimigangatho ekhangayo.