Indlela Ongayinceda ngayo iNgqongileyo kunye neZenzo zokuQinisekisa
Inkqubo yokuhlaziywa ingabandakanya ukuqaliswa kwezilwanyana ezintsha kwi-site, okanye ukulungiswa kweemeko zendawo yokusingqongileyo ukuphucula izinga lokuhlaziywa kwezilwanyana zendalo.
Kutheni kusetshenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo kungasetyenziselwa ukufumana ama-brownfield ekuphuhliseni nasekulungiseleleni ama-effluent angcolileyo kwimveliso ngaphambi kokukhupha emanzini. Ubuchwephesha bokusetyenziswa kwezinto zobuchwepheshini zisetyenziswe kumanzi angcolileyo, amanzi asemhlabeni okanye asemhlabeni, inhlabathi, izityalo kunye nomoya apho kuye kwaba khona ingozi okanye ukukhutshwa ngokuzikhethela kokungcola okanye iikhemikhali ezibeka umngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu, izilwanyana okanye i-ecosystem.
Iindlela zoLungiso lweeMveliso
Izindlela ezahlukileyo zokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana zisebenzise ngokunjalo iinkqubo zeendlela ezihlukeneyo zokudakalisa okanye ukuchithwa kweengcoliseko ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuhlaziywa komhlaba kungenziwa phantsi kweemeko ze-aerobic okanye ze-anaerobic, kwaye zibandakanya ukucwangciswa kweendlela zokuxilongwa kweebhaktheriya okanye i-fungi ngokuchithwa kwe-hydrocarbons, i-compounds aromatic okanye i-chlorinated pesticides.
I-Phytoremediation luhlobo lobutyebi obusebenzisa izityalo kwaye luvame ukucetyiswa ukuba kuhlanganiswe izinyithi, nangona kukho nezinye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemifuno .
Iingcamango zokubakhohlisa ziye zanda kakhulu kwikhulu lama-21. Iimpawu ezincinci ze-genetic (GEMs, okanye i- GMOs ), ezithwala iiprotheni ezinokuthi zikwazi ukukhawuleza inkqubo yokuphazamiseka kwezibhamu ezifana ne-TNT, isasaqhelekanga ngenxa yemimiselo yokulawula ephathelene nokukhululwa nokulawulwa kwayo.
Ezinye iindlela zokwenza usebenziso lwe- enzyme ezingabandakanyi iindlela zokusebenzisa i- gene cloning zingasetyenziselwa ezincinci zezilwanyana ezincinci ukuphucula iimpawu zabo zangaphambili.
Impumelelo
Ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kusebenza kakhulu xa kwenziwa kwizinga elincinci. Ngokomzekelo, inhlekelele yenyukliya yaseChernobyl ngo-1986, yayinzima gqitha ukuba ithinteke ngokunyanisekileyo kwimizamo yokuzihlaziya kwaye ingenakulungiswa. Umzekelo wobomi wokwenene wokungcebeleka ukongeza izondlo kumhlaba ukuphucula ukonakaliswa kwe-bhakterial ye-contaminants kunye nokwandisa izinga lokuzilungela kwisayithi elimnyama. Ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kwakusetyenziselwa kakhulu ukulwa nemiphumo emibi ye-Exxon Valdez i-oil spill ngo-1989 kunye ne-BP ye-Deepwater Horizon i-oil filing ngonyaka ka-2010. Ezo zidibaniso zeoli, ii-microorganisms zazisetyenziselwa ukudlisa i-petroleum hydrocarbons kwaye zadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni impembelelo yendalo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto zinika isicwangciso esihle sokucoca kwezinye iintlobo zokungcola, kodwa akuyi kusebenza kubo bonke. Ngokomzekelo, ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezingenakukwazi ukubonelela isicwangciso esilungeleyo kwiisayithi ezineziphumo eziphezulu zeekhemikhali eziyingozi kwizinto ezininzi ezincinci. Ezi khemikhali zibandakanya izitya ezifana ne-cadmium okanye i-lead kunye namasiza afana ne-sodium chloride.
U mzekelo
Ukuhlaziywa kwemvelo kungenziwa kwinqanaba lomntu. Ngokomzekelo, umququzeleli ngumntu onokukwenza, kwaye yindlela ehle kakhulu yokubuyisela umyezo kwindya kunye neyard nutrients ukwakha umgangatho womhlaba.
Amathambo angongezwa kumhlaba ukuphucula ukonakaliswa kwe-bhakterial ye-contaminants kunye nokwandisa izinga lokuzihlaziya kwisayithi le-brownfield.