Ukujonga kwi-RNA encinci ye-RNA kunye nokuSebenza kwi-Molecular Genetics Research
i-ARRNA, emela i-Ribonucleic Acid encinci, iyinkalo yee-molecule ze-RNA ezimbini. Ngezinye amaxesha kuthiwa lifutshane eliphazamisa i-RNA okanye i-RNA.
Ngaphambi kokungena kwi-ISR, kubalulekile ukwazi umsebenzi we-RNA. I-Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) i-nucleic acid ekhoyo kuzo zonke iiseli eziphilayo kwaye isebenza njengomthunywa ophethe imiyalelo evela kwi-DNA yokulawula ukuhlanganiswa kweeprotheni (inqaku: kwezinye iirmnase-RNA kunokuba i-DNA ifake ulwazi lofuzo).
I-RNA encinci i-RNA (i-RRNA) iincinci ezincinci (i-ds) i-RNA, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-nucleotide engama-21 ubude, i-overhangs (2 i-nucleotides) ekupheleni kwayo yonke into engasetyenziswa "ukuphazamisa" ukuguqulelwa kweeprotheni ngokubopha kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthotywa kwe-RNA yomthunywa (mRNA) ngokulandelelana.
Ngokwenza njalo, i-ARRNA ingayithinteli imveliso yamaprotheni athile ngokusekelwe ekulandeleni i-nucleotide ye-MRNA ehambelana nayo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-RNAi (RNAi), kwaye ingathunyelwa kwakhona njenge-irRNA okanye i-knoRdown.
Bavelaphi
i-irRNA ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengokuba ivela kumgama omude wokukhula okungaqhelekanga okanye evela ngaphandle kwendalo) I-RNA ethathwa yiseli kwaye iqhutyelwa phambili.
I-RNA ivame ukuvela kwiimvenge , njengeentsholongwane okanye i-transposons, kwaye ifunyenwe inendima ekukhuseleni i-anti-virus, ukuchithwa kwe-mRNA okanye i-mRNA eyenziwe ngaphezu kwexesha apho iinguqulelo eziye zachithwa, kwaye kuthintela ukuphazanyiswa kwe-genomic DNA ngama-transposons.
I-strand ngayinye ye-siRNA ineqela le-5 le-phosphate kunye ne-3 'hydroxyl (OH) iqela. Ziyakhiqizwa kwi-dsRNA okanye i-RNP eboshwe nge-hairpin, emva kokungena kweseli ihlukaniswe yi-enzyme ye-RNase III, ebizwa ngokuba yiDicer , isebenzisa i-RNase okanye i- enzymes yokuthintela . I-siRNA idibaniswa kwiprotheni yamaninzi amaninzi ebizwa ngokuba yi-RNAi -ducedduced silencing complex (RISC).
I-RISC "ifuna" i-MRNA ekujoliswe kuyo, apho i-siRNA ihlaziya kwaye, kukholelwa ukuba, i-anti-sensory strand ilawula ukuthotywa komonakalo we-mRNA, ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-enzyme yokuphela kunye ne-exonuclease.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezoNyango kunye neZonyango
Xa isalathisi esilwanyana esilwanyana esilwanyana esilwanyana esilwanyana sisifo sibhekene ne-RNA ephindwe kabini efana ne-siRNA, inokuyiphutha njengemveliso yentsholongwane kwaye iqalise impendulo yomzimba. Ukongezelela, ukufakwa kwe-siRNA kunokubangela ukuba kungabikho okujoliswe kuyo ekujoliswe kuyo ngaphandle kwezinye iiprotheyini ezingasongelayo kwaye zihlaselwe.
Ukuzisa i-siRNA kakhulu emzimbeni kunokubangela iziganeko ezingabonakaliyo ngenxa yokusebenza kwezimpendulo ze-immune, kodwa kunikwe amandla okubetha nayiphi na imfuza yomdla, ii-ARRs zinokusetyenziswa kwamathambo amaninzi.
Ngendlela yokuguqula i-siRNAs ukuphucula iimpawu zabo zokwelapha ezifana:
- umsebenzi ophuculweyo
- ukwandiswa kwe-serum kunye nokujoliswe phantsi
- kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwamagciwane
Izifo ezininzi zinokuthi ziphathwe ngokuthintela i-gene expression. Ngoko ke, ukuyila kwe-siRNA yokwenziwa kwezinto zokusebenzisa unyango kuye kwaba yinjongo eyaziwayo yeenkampani ezininzi ze-biopharmaceutical.
Idatha epheleleyo yolu hlobo lwemizi yamashishini ishintshwe ngesandla kwi-siRNAmod, i-database echanekileyo eneempawu ze-iSRRs ezichitshiweyo ezichitshiweyo.
Imithombo:
I-Tsai, i-CS Biomacromolecules: Isingeniso kwisakhiwo, umsebenzi kunye ne-informatics. Wiley-Liss, 2007.
I-Whitehead, KA; Dahlman, JE; Langer, RS; Anderson, iDG (2011). "Ukulalisa okanye ukuThuthukiswa? I-IRRNA Delivery kunye ne-Immune System". Ukuhlaziywa koNyaka kweeMveliso zeChimicals kunye ne-Biomolecular Engineering 2 : 77-96.
U-Alekseev OM, uRichardson RT, uAlekseev O, O'Rand MG (2009). "Ukuhlaziywa kweengxelo zemizimba kwi-HeLa iiseli ngokuphendula ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ukucinywa kwe-NASP". I-Biology yokuzala kunye ne-Endocrinology: 45.