- Ndikufundise isakhiwo semali yengeniso
- Chaza kwaye uchaze amagama kunye neengcinga oza kuhlangabezana nazo kwiingxelo zengeniso ozifundayo kwixesha elizayo
- Hamba ngokubalwa kunye nezibalo zemali ongayithatha kwingxelo yengeniso ukuze ufumane ingcamango engcono yekhwalithi, imeko, kunye neempawu zezoqoqosho zoshishino okanye ishishini ohlalutya ngalo
- Kukunceda udibanise ingxelo yengeniso nento ozifundileyo ngokuhlalutya ibhalansi kwisifundo esedlulileyo .
Ukuba uzinikele kwingxelo-mali yenkcazo yemali, isetyenzi sekhono esinokuhlawula igalelo ebomini bakho bonke, nokuba ufunda ingxelo yonyaka , udilika kwiFom 10-K yokufaka , ukuzama ukuqonda isakhiwo somqhubi, okanye ukwenza utyalo-mali kwishishini elincinci . Ingakunokusindisa kwientlekele zemali, uncede ubone ukuphucula okukuhlamba wena kunye nosapho lwakho ngengcebo, kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ukufumana ukuzimela kwemali kwasekuqaleni ebomini.
Iyini injongo yeNkcazo yeNgeniso?
Injongo ephambili yenkcazo yemali engenayo kukunika ingxelo yenkxaso yenkampani kubaphathi-mali kunye nabaphathi kwixesha elithile, ngoko banokuqonda indlela inkampani eyenzayo ngayo, ngoqoqosho. Kwiintsuku ezindala, abantu babevame ukubhekisela kwinkcazo yengeniso njenge-P & L Statement, eyayifutshane neNgxelo "yeNzuzo kunye neNtshontsho."
Imida yeNkcazo yeNgeniso
Kukho impazamo yokuba abaninzi abatsha-mali abatsha benzayo ekucingeni ukuba ingxelo yengeniso yinkcazo ebalulekileyo yezemali. Ngenxa yoko, ngokuqhelekileyo ngumthombo wodwa wokuqwalasela njengento ebaluleke ngokubalulekayo njengokwakhiwa kwemali kunye nokuhamba kwemali; iingqwalasela ezinokwenza okanye ukuwaphula.
Emva kwayo yonke into, kwaze kwaba yilapho kuqubuke ukutshabalalisa abanini bempahla, iWachovia, i-AIG kunye neLehman Brothers babonakala benenzuzo. Ingozi ebingcwatyelwe kumbhalo wempendulo, iphepha lokulinganisela, kunye nezitatimende zokuhamba kwemali, kungekhona ingxelo yeseniso ukuze uqaphele umda.
Enye yale mingcele yindlela yokuqikelela. Ukuba bhetele okanye ngaphezulu, ingxelo ye ngeniso idinga ukusetyenziswa kwamanani athile. Ezi ngqikelelo ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwabantu abanengqiqo enomnqweno kodwa baqhelise ukuba bangenise into engabonakaliyo kumanani. Akukho mntu uyazi ukuba idesksi okanye ikhompyutha, ixesha elide okanye i-jet corporation liza kudlula, kodwa iindleko zokuhlaziya kufuneka ziqikelelwe nangona kunjalo. (Siza kungena emva koko kwesi sifundo.) Ibhanki ayayazi kwangaphambili ixesha elithile leencwadi zabo ezibolekisiweyo kodwa ziya kufuneka zirekhode ukugcinwa kweemali ezichasene neengeniso ezicinga ukuba zifanelekile. Izigwebo zeprofayili eziphezulu azikwazi ukuqikelelwa ngaphambi kwexesha kodwa xa kukho ilahleko ezibonakalayo, iindleko kufuneka zenziwe kwitetimenti engenayo ukuba zihlale kwiindawo zokugcina kwi-balance sheet. Ingcipheko kukuba ukunyaniseka kwezoqoqosho ngamanye amaxesha kunokuthi kwenziwe ngenyameko ngenjongo okanye ngenjongo. Ufumana izinto ezinjenge "cookie jar" ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezobulungisa apho ulawulo lugqithisa iindawo zokuhlala ngexesha elihle kuphela ukuguqula ezi ntlawulo xa izinto ziba nzima ukuze zikwazi ukuluhlula amanani kwaye zizenza zibukeke zilungileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kweNkcazo yokuHlalwa kweNkcazo ukuBalwa kweNdleko, ukuFumana, iiRatios zeMali kunye neNzuzo zoNcedo
Ngaphandle kwezi ngxaki, ukuhlaziywa kwetatimenti yengeniso kubonisa okungakumbi kunemali yenkampani kumtyalo-mali okanye umhlalutyi. Inika ingcaciso ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ngendlela eyiyo yokulawula iindleko, inani lemali engenayo kunye neendleko , kunye neerhafu ezihlawulwe. Abatyalomali bangasebenzisa uhlalutyo lwenkcazo yokufumana imali ekubaleni ixabiso lokubuyisela eliza kubonakalisa izinga lokubuyisela ibhizinisi lifumana abazuzi-mali abanokufumana iimali kunye ne-asethi (ngamanye amagama, ukuba batyala njani imali imali phantsi kolawulo lwabo). Banokuqhathanisa inzuzo yenkampani kumncintisana nabo ngokuhlola iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengeniso ezifana nomlinganiselo osemgangathweni wenzuzo, umyinge wokusebenza ngenzuzo kunye nomyinge wenzuzo .
Ukuqala kwethu Uhlalutyo lweNkcazo yeNgeniso
Njengoko sithuthuka kule ngcelele yezifundo zokutyalwa kwemali, kufuneka ukhumbule inyaniso engundoqo kaJohn Burr u-William ukuba ishishini lifanele kuphela inzuzo eya kuvelisa abanikazi balo ukususela ngoku kude kube yimihla ngemihla, isaphuculwa kwakhona ukuya kwangoku, ilungelelanise ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Ingxelo yengeniso yi "ingxelo yekhadi" yale mivuzo; imivuzo ekugqibeleni imisela inani omele uzimisele ukulihlawula ishishini.
Hlala emva kwesihlalo sakho, thabatha ikopi yengxelo yonyaka okanye i-10K, flip kwi-statement engeniso ehlanganisiweyo kunyaka nje wakutshanje, kwaye makhe siqale ukusebenza ngawo. Ekugqibeleni, ndicinga ukuba uya kumangaliswa yintoni oye wafunda ngayo. Ukufikelela ekupheleni kwesi sifundo, siya kusebenza nge-Abercrombie & Fitch kunye neengxelo zengeniso ye-Incorporated Brown.