Ingqwalasela yoxanduva, iNdima, kunye noKwakha
Ngoku, cela umtyalo-mnye ukuba achaze uxanduva oluphambili lwebhodi yabalawuli-umzekelo, okokuba ngabaqondisi ngabanye ebhodini benza okanye indima ibhodi ibonisa ngokubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yenkampani-kwaye bambalwa kakhulu baya uyakwazi ukunika impendulo ecacileyo.
Enyanisweni, nangona kubaluleke kakhulu, iimeko ezintle aziyi kukwazi ukuchazela umahluko phakathi kwabalawuli abalawulayo kunye nabalawuli abazimeleyo okanye abachaze ukuba kutheni ukuba kubekho ulwahlulo. Nantsi ukujonga kwizinto ezisiseko ozifunayo ukuba wazi malunga nebhodi yabaphathi bebhanki ukuze uziva ukhululekile kunye nalo mbutho olawulayo nanini na ucinga ukufaka utshalomali kwinkampani yakho oyintandokazi, mhlawumbi ngokuthenga izabelo zesitokisi okanye ukuthenga izibophelelo .
Injongo, iGunya kunye noxanduva lweBhodi yabaLawuli
Nangona banemithwalo emininzi, uxanduva oluphambili lwebhodi yabaphathi bebhanki kukukhusela impahla yabanini- zimpahla kwaye baqinisekise ukuba bafumana ukubuyiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezotyalo -mali. IBhodi yabalawuli-mboleko inesabelo sabanini-mali abanomsebenzi omkhulu wezemali phantsi komthetho waseMerika, owaziwa njengomsebenzi wokubambisana .
Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, ukuvakalelwa kwahluke kakhulu kuba abalawuli abaninzi banomuvo wokuba baxanduva lokukhusela abasebenzi beenkampani kuqala, abanesibini abanini-mali.
Kule mimandla yentlalo nezopolitiko, inzuzo yenkampani ithatha isihlalo sokugqibela izidingo zabasebenzi.
Ibhodi yabalawuli ngabaphathi abasemagunyeni aphezulu kwisakhiwo solawulo kwi-corporation okanye ishishini elirhweba esidlangalaleni. Umsebenzi webhodi ukukhetha, ukuvavanya, nokuvunywa isinxephezelo esifanelekileyo kwigosa elilawulayo eliphezulu leenkampani (i-CEO), ukuvavanya ukutsala kunye nokuhlawula igalelo , ukucebisa ukwahlukana kwempahla , ukujongana neenkqubo zokuthengwa kwemali, ukuvuma iinkcazo zemali zenkampani, nokucebisa okanye kudikibala kakhulu ukufumana kunye nokudibanisa .
Ulwakhiwo kunye neNgxowa yeBhodi yabaLawuli
Ibhodi yenziwe ngamadoda kunye nabasetyhini ("abalawuli") abonyulwe ngabanini-zimali kwimigangatho eminyaka emininzi. Iinkampani ezininzi zisebenza kwinkqubo ejikelezayo ukwenzela ukuba kuphela iqhezu labalawuli abaphakanyisiweyo kunyaka ngamnye. Bakwenza oku kuba kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuguqulwa kwebhodi epheleleyo ukuba kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthatha inzondo .
Kwimeko ezininzi, abalawuli ngaba, 1.) banomdla owanikezelwa kwinkampani, 2.) basebenze ekuphatheni okuphezulu kwenkampani (okubizwa ngokuba "abalawuli abaphezulu"), okanye 3.) bazimeleyo kwenkampani kodwa eyaziwayo ngamashishini abo.
Akuqhelekanga ukuba abalawuli baxhomekeke kubathengisi abakhulu ukuqinisa ubudlelwane obubalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ungalindela ukubona umqeshwa ophezulu we-Coca-Cola Inkampani kwiBhodi yabaLawuli kwiCandelo leMcdonald okanye i-visa versa enikwe ubudlelwane babo obuzuzisayo.
Inani labalawuli lingahluka kakhulu phakathi kweenkampani. I-Walt Disney Inkampani, ukubonelela ngomzekeliso omnye, unabalathisi abalishumi elinesibhozo, elowo abakhethiweyo ngexesha elifanayo kwiminyaka emibini. I-Tiffany & Inkampani, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inabalathisi abathandathu kuphela kwibhodi.
E-United States, ubuncinane ama-50 ekhulwini abalawuli kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno "zokuzimela", oku kuthetha ukuba abanxulumene okanye baqeshwe yinkampani. Kule ngqungquthela, abalawuli abazimeleyo abayi kuba phantsi kwengcinezelo, ngoko ke banakho amathuba okuthatha inxaxheba kwiminqweno yabanini-zimali xa ezo zinto zinomdla zihambelana nezolawulo olumiselweyo. Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, xa ndaqala ukubhala eli nqaku, ndaquka inqaku elivela kwingxelo yonyaka yonyaka ka-General Electric ibonisa indlela umongo wokuzimela ulawulwa ngayo. Kusabalulekile nanamhlanje ke ndiya kuphinda:
"Eyona nkalo yolawulo lwentsebenziswano, ngokuqinisekileyo, indima yebhunga ekujongeni indlela ulawulo olusebenza ngayo ixesha elide elinomdla wabanini-nxaxheba kunye nabanye abachaphazelekayo. , kunye namandla okuhlala ixesha elide. Ngenxa yenguqu ye-2002, abalawuli aba-11 be-GE ba-'zimeleyo 'phantsi kwengcaciso eqinileyo, ngenjongo yokubini kwisithathu. "
Iikomiti zisebenza njani kwiBhodi yabaLawuli
Iimbopheleleko zebhodi yabalawuli ziquka ukusekwa kweekomiti zophicotho-zincwadi kunye neembuyekezo. Ikomiti yokuphicotha ixanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba iingxelo zezimali zeenkampani kunye neengxelo zichanekileyo kwaye zisebenzisa ukulinganisela okufanelekileyo nokufanelekileyo. Amalungu ebhodi akhetha, aqeshe kwaye asebenze kunye nenkampani yophicotho lwangaphandle. Inkampani yinkampani eyenza ukuphicothwa.
Ikomidi leembuyekezo libeka isinxephezelo esisekelwe kwisiseko, ama-reward options, kunye neebhonasi zenkxaso kubasebenzi beenkampani, kuquka i-CEO. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iibhodi ezininzi zabalawuli ziye zangena emlilweni ukuvumela abaphathi beemali ukuba bafikelele kumanqanaba angenabulungisa.
Ukutshintshiselwa ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zabo, abalawuli benkampani bahlawulelwa umvuzo wonyaka, umvuzo ohlawulelwayo kwintlanganiso nganye abaya kuyo, ukukhetha okukhethiweyo kunye nezinye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Inani elipheleleyo lemali yokulawula lihluka ukusuka kwinkampani ukuya kwinkampani.
Ngeli xesha elibhalwe ekuqaleni, i-Tiffany neNkampani ihlawule abalawuli bayo ukugcinwa kwe-$ 46,500 ngonyaka, ukugcinwa kwe-$ 2,500 yonyaka, ukuba umlawuli ungosihlalo kwikomiti. umntu, intlawulo ye-$ 500 kwintlanganiso nganye ehamba ngefowuni, ukhetho lwempahla, kunye nezibonelelo zomhlalaphantsi. Xa ucinga ukuba abaphathi abaninzi bahlala kwiibhodi ezininzi, kulula ukuqonda ukuba imali yabo yolawulo ifikelela njani kumakhulu amawaka eedola ngonyaka.
Imbuyekezo yabalathisi bayayifumana, kunye kunye nayiphi na enye inzuzo, ulwazi olutshanje lolwazi, ubudala, kunye nenqanaba lobunikazi obukhoyo kwishishini lufumaneka kwincwadi ekhethekileyo eyaziwa njengeNgxelo yeProxy . Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuthathwa njengesibonakaliso esihle sokuba ngabalawuli abanobunzima obunobunini bonyango phantsi koxanduva lwabo kuba bahamba ngeenqanawa zabanini-zimali abangaphandle ngaphandle kweendlela ezininzi.
Ukwakhiwa kobunini kunye nefuthe layo kwiBhodi yabaLawuli
Isakhiwo esithile senkampani enempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwebhodi yabalawuli ukuba lilawulwe. Kwinkampani apho i-shareholder enkulu, inye into ekhoyo, loo mbutho okanye umtyalomali ngamnye unokulawula kakuhle inkampani. Ukuba umlawuli unenkathazo, unokubhenela kumnini-shareholder olawulayo.
Kwinkampani apho kungekho sabelo-mali esilawulayo, abalawuli kufuneka benze ngokungathi umntu ukhona kwaye uzame ukukhusela le nkampani engqondweni (nangona ukuba kuthetha ukudubula i-CEO, ukwenza utshintsho kwisakhiwo esingathandekiyo nolawulo okanye ukujika ukufunyanwa kwezinto ngenxa yokunciphisa ixabiso).
Kwiqela elincinci leenkampani, umnikazi wesabelo-mali usebenza njenge-CEO kunye / okanye uSihlalo weBhodi. Kule meko, umlawuli unyanzelekile ekuthandweni komnini kwaye akanakho indlela efanelekileyo yokongamela izigqibo zakhe.