Isikhokelo soTyalo-mali sokuQala ukuTyala imali yokwenza imali yakho isebenze
Ngoko uzimisele ukuqala ukutyalomali . Vuyiswa! Ingaba uqala nje ngokwakho, phakathi kwenkqubela yakho, ekufikeleleni kwiminyaka yobudala, okanye kwiminyaka yakho yegolide, oku kuthetha ukuba usuqale ukucinga ngekamva lakho lezemali, kwaye ungayisebenzisa njani ngokuhlakanipha inkunzi yakho ukuze ikwazi ukusebenza kuwe.
Akukho mntu uqala ingcali, kwaye ngaba abatshali-mali abasemhlabeni wonke babekade behleli apho ukhona.
Masiqale ngeemibini ezibalulekileyo:
- Ufanele uqale kuphi?
- Uqala njani?
Imibuzo emibili ingase ibonakale ingathandeki, ngakumbi xa uye wahlangabezana nemigqaliselo yokutsalwa kwe-investing-like price to earnings ratio (p / e ratio), i- capital capital , kwaye ubuyela kwi-equity . Kodwa ukuqala ngokutyalo-mali akukwesabisi njengoko kubonakala ngathi.
Isinyathelo sokuQala ukuTyala ngokuPhakamiselayo Ukubonisa ukuba yeyiphi iindidi zeeAfa ofuna ukuzenza
Masiqale ngolu hlobo lwenyaniso: Eyona nto ingundoqo, utyalo-mali ngokuphathelele ukubeka imali namhlanje ngokulindela ukufumana imali eninzi kwixesha elizayo-oko, ukubala ixesha , ukulungiswa kwengozi , nokunyusa imali yokunyuka kwamaxabiso , kubangela ukuba kuhlanganiswe izinga lokukhula konyaka , ngokukodwa xa kuthelekiswa nemigangatho ethathwa ngokuba "utyalo" olungileyo .
Oku kunjalo ngokwenene; intliziyo yalo mbandela. Ubeka imali okanye ixabiso ngoku, ngethemba lemali ethe xaxa okanye impahla ebuyela kuwe kusasa, okanye ngomnyaka ozayo, okanye kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo.
Uninzi lwexesha, oku kufezekiswe kakhulu ngokufumana ixabiso lemveliso.
Iimpahla ezivelisayo zityalo-mali ezithumela imali ngaphakathi kwintlobo yemisebenzi. Umzekelo, ukuba uthenge umzobo, akuyona into evelisayo. Kwiminyaka elikhulu ukususela ngoku, uya kuseka kuphela umzobo, onokuthi awufanelekanga okanye ungaphantsi kwemali. (Kodwa unokwazi ukuwuguqula ibe yintengiso ye-quasi ngokuvelisa i-museum kunye nokutsala ukungena ukuba uyibone.) Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba uthenge isakhiwo sezindlu, awuyi kuba nesakhiwo kuphela, kodwa yonke imali ivelisa kwirenti nenzuzo yenkonzo ngenkulungwane leyo. Nangona isakhiwo satshatyalaliswa emva kweminyaka elishumi, usenako ukuhamba kwemali ukusuka kwiminyaka elishumi yokusebenza - ongayisebenzisa ukuxhasa indlela yakho yokuphila, unikezelwa kukunceda, okanye uvuselelwe ngamanye amathuba.
Uhlobo ngalunye lweefa ezinokuvelisa lunemveliso kunye neengxaki, iinqwelo ezizodwa, izithethe zomthetho, imithetho yerhafu kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo. Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, utyalo-mali kwiimpahla ezivelisayo lunokwahlula kwiindawo ezincinci. Masihambe ngeentlobo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zotyalo-mali: Amasheya, iibhondi kunye ne-estate.
Ukutshala imali kwiiShishini
Xa abantu bethetha ngokutyalomali kwiisitokisi, ngokuqhelekileyo bathetha ukutyalomali kwisitoktho esifanayo, enye enye indlela yokuchaza ubunini bezoshishino, okanye ubulungisa bezoshishino. Xa unobulungisa kwishishini, unelungelo lokufumana isabelo senzuzo okanye ilahleko ezenziwe ngumsebenzi wenkampani. Ngokubanzi, ukulingana kwembali kuye kwaba yiklasi elixabisa kakhulu inxaxheba kubatyalomali abafuna ukwakha ubutyebi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ubuninzi bemilinganiselo.
Esemngciphekweni wokunciphisa, ndiyathanda ukucinga ngokutyalomali kwezoshishino njengoko kufike kwenye yevolumu emibili - ngokubanjwe ngasese kunye nokuthengiswa esidlangalaleni.
Ukutshala imali kwiiShishini eziPhambili: Ezi ziimashishini ezingenayo imarike kawonkewonke kwizabelo zawo .
Xa iqalile ukususela ekuqaleni, ingaba isisombululo esiphezulu sengozi esiphezulu somnini-shishini. Uvela ngcamango, ubeka ishishini, uqhuba loo shishini ukuze iindleko zakho zingaphantsi kweengeniso zakho, kwaye ukhula ngexesha elide, ukuqinisekisa ukuba awukho nje kuphela ukuhlawulwa kakuhle ngexesha lakho kodwa ukuba inkunzi yakho, Kwakhona, uphathwa kakuhle ngokufumana ukubuyiswa okulungileyo ngaphezu koko ungayifumana kwi-investment investments. Nangona ukurhweba akulula, ukufumana ishishini elifanelekileyo kunokufaka ukutya kwitheyibhile yakho, thumela abantwana bakho ekolishi, ukuhlawula iindleko zonyango lwakho, kwaye kukuvumela ukuba uthathe umhlalaphantsi.
Ukutshala imali kwiiNkampani eziThengisiweyo: Amashishini abucala maxa wambi athengisa inxalenye yabo ngabanye abatyalo-mali, kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi- Initial Public Offering, okanye i-IPO . Xa oko kwenzeka, nabani na onokuthenga amasheya kwaye abe ngumnini.
Iintlobo zeesitokisini ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni ozithandayo ziyahlukahluka ngokusekelwe kumanani amaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unomhlobo womntu othanda iinkampani ezizinzile kunye nokukhawulela ukuhamba kwemali kubanikazi, mhlawumbi uya kutsalwa kwi -stock -s-blue-stocks , kwaye unokuba nobudlelwane bezabelo-mali , ulwabiwo-mali lokukhula , kwaye ixabiso lokutshala imali .
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ukhetha indlela yokwabiwa kweepotfoliyo, ungatyelwa ekutyalweni kwisitokisi zeenkampani ezimbi , kuba kunye nokwanda okwenyukayo kwinzuzo kunokukhokelela ekungeneni okukhulu kwexabiso lemarike yesitokisi.
Utyalo-mali kwi-Fixed-Revenue Securities (Bonds)
Xa uthengela ukhuseleko olungenangeniso, ubolekisa imali umthengisi ngokubambisa inzuzo yengeniso . Kukho iindlela ezininzi onokuzenza, ukuthenga izatifikethi zokufaka idiphozithi kunye neemarike zemali ukutyalomali kwiibhonkco zenkampani, izibophelelo zikamasipala ezingenanto , kunye nezibophelelo zokulondolozwa kwe-US .
Njengempahla yesitokethi, ezininzi izitheno zokufumana ingeniso zithengiwe nge-akhawunti ye-brokerage. Ukukhetha umthengisi wakho kuya kufuna ukuba ukhethe phakathi kweso saphulelo okanye imodeli yesevisi epheleleyo . Xa uvula i-akhawunti entsha ye-brokerage, utyalo-mali oluncinci luyahluka, ngokuqhelekileyo luvela kwi-$ 500 ukuya kwi-1 000; kaninzi ziphantsi kwe-IRAs, okanye i-akhawunti zemfundo. Ngaphandle koko, unokusebenza nomcebisi-mali obhalisiweyo okanye inkampani yokulawula i-asethi esebenza ngokusisigxina .
Utyalo-mali kwiMpahla
Utyalo-mali oluthile luphantse ludala njengabantu. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwenza imali kutyalo-mali , kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuhla ukuya kuphuhliso into ethile nokuyithengisa ngenzuzo, okanye ukufumana into ethile nokuvumela abanye ukuba bayisebenzise ngokutshintshiselana nokuqeshisa okanye ukuhlawula iintlawulo. Kwabaninzi abatyala-mali, i-real estate iye yindlela yokufumana ubutyebi kuba kulula ngokuzibophezela ekusebenziseni umgangatho. Oku kunokuba kubi ukuba utsalo-mali luba lihlwempu, kodwa, lisetyenziswe kutyalo-mali oluchanekileyo, ngelixabiso elifanelekileyo, kunye nemigangatho elungileyo, kunokuvumela umntu ukuba angabikho mithombo enokubakho ngokukhawuleza ukuqokelela izibonelelo, ukulawula isiseko esikhulu sempahla engaphezulu kunokuba angenakho ukufumana.
Into enokudidanisa abatyala-mali abatsha kukuba i-real estate nayo ingathengiswa njenge-stock. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kwenzeka nge-corporation efanelekileyo njenge- trust real estate investment, okanye REIT . Ngokomzekelo, unokufaka imali kwi-HOTEL REITs kwaye uqoke isabelo sakho semali evela kwiindwendwe ekukhangela kwiehotele kunye neendawo zokungcebeleka ezenza iphothifoliyo yenkampani. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-REIT; ii-REIT, izakhiwo zeofisi ii-REITs, i-unit unit yokugcina ii-REIT, ii-REIT ezijolise kwizindlu eziphezulu, kunye neendawo zokupaka ii-REIT.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sokuTyala imali kukuCwangcisa indlela ofuna ukuyifumana ngayo loo maxabiso
Emva kokuba uhleli kwiklasi ye-asethi ofuna ukuyifumana, isinyathelo sakho esilandelayo kukuthatha isigqibo sokuba uza kuba njani. Ukuze siqonde kakuhle le ngongoma, makhe sijonge ukulingana kwamashishini. Ukuba uthetha isigqibo sokuba ufuna isigxina kwibhishini elithengiswa esidlangalaleni, ngaba ufuna ukwabelana ngezabelo ngokucacileyo, okanye ngesakhiwo esihlanganisiweyo?
Ubunikazi obuzimeleyo: Ukuba ukhetha ubunikazi obunene, uya kuthenga amashishini eenkampani ngamnye ngokuthe ngqo. Ukwenza oku okulungileyo kufuna iqondo elithile lwazi.
Utyalo-mali kwiimpahla, cinga ngazo njengokuba unamashishini angasese , kwaye ukhumbule iindlela ezintathu ongenza imali utyalole kwisitokisi . Ngokucacileyo, oku kuthetha ukugxila kwixabiso olihlawulayo ngokumalunga neengcipheko zemali eziguqulwa yengozi. Fumana indlela yokubala intengo yebhanki , ukubala i- marginal profit profit and margin profit margin , uze uyithelekise namanye amabhizinisi kwicandelo elinye okanye kwicandelo elifanayo. Funda isitatimenti se ngeniso kunye nekharityhulam . Khangela iinkampani zokulawula i-asethi , ezibambe izibonda ezinkulu, ukuba ufumane iintlobo zabanikazi abambisene nabo.
Ubunikazi obuniniweyo: Ipesenteji enkulu yabatyalo-mali abaqhelekileyo abayi kutyalomali kwiisitokethi ngqo kodwa, endaweni yoko, bayayifaka ngendlela edibeneyo, njengengxowa- mali okanye i-fund ye-exchange exchange-ETF . Uxuba imali yakho nabanye abantu kwaye uthenge ubunikazi kwinani leenkampani ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo okanye isakhiwo esabelana ngaso.
Ezi ndlela zidibeneyo zinokuthatha iifom ezininzi. Abanye abatyali-mali abatyebileyo batyala imali kwi-hedge funds , kodwa abaninzi abatyalo-mali baya kukhetha izithuthi ezinjengeengxowa -mali ezithengiswa ngemali-mali kunye neenkcukacha zenkxaso-mali , ezenza ukuba bakwazi ukuthenga iipowfoliyo ezahlukahlukeneyo kumaxabiso angabizi kakhulu kunokuba zikwazi ukuzithengela zona. Ukuphazamiseka kukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kolawulo. Ukuba utyalomali kwi-ETF okanye nge-fund fund, uhamba kunye nokukhwela, ukugqithisa izigqibo zakho kwiqela elincinci labantu abanegunya lokutshintsha isabelo sakho.
Isinyathelo sesithathu sokutyalo-mali senza isigqibo apho Ufuna ukubamba ezo zixhobo
Emva kokuba ugqibe indlela ofuna ukufumana ngayo i-asethi yakho yotyalo-mali, isigqibo sakho esilandelayo sibhekiselele apho ezo zityalo-mali ziza kubanjwa khona. Esi sigqibo sinokuchaphazela enkulu indlela utyalo-mali lwakho oluhlawuliswa ngayo, ngoko akusiyo isigqibo sokwenza lula. Iinqunto zakho ziquka i-akhawunti yokurhwefisa irhafu, ii- RRA IRAs , i- Roth IRAs , i- IRAs ezilula , i-SEP-IRA, kwaye mhlawumbi kunye nentsebenziswano engalinganiyo yentsapho (enokufumana irhafu yerhafu kunye nezibonelelo zentlawulo yesipho ukuba ziphunyezwe ngokuchanekileyo).
Makhe sijonge ngezinye iindidi ezibanzi.
Akhawunti ezihlawuliswayo : Ukuba ukhetha i-akhawunti ehlawulwayo, njenge- akhawunti ye-brokerage , uza kuhlawula irhafu endleleni, kodwa imali yakho ayifanele ibe yimiqathango. Ungayichitha kodwa ufuna, nangaliphi na ixesha. Unako ukuyifumana yonke into kwaye uthenge indlu yaselwandle. Unokongeza ngaphezu kokuba unqwenela kulo nyaka, ngaphandle komda. Yiyona nto ephezulu ekuguquguquleleni kodwa kufuneka unike uMalume uSun wakhe.
AmaHlathi eRhafu: Izicwangciso zomhlala-phantsi ezifana no- 401 (k) okanye i- Roth IRAs zinikezela ngeenzuzo ezininzi zerhafu. Abanye bahlawulwa irhafu, oko (ngokuqhelekileyo) kuthetha ukuba ufumana ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu ngelixa ubeka inkunzi kwi-akhawunti, uze uhlawule irhafu kwixesha elizayo, ukuvumela unyaka emva komhla wokukhula kwentela. Abanye bafumana irhafu-ntlawulo, oku kuthetha ukuba uyazixhaswa ngeerhafu zerhafu emva kokufundwa kwentlawulo (ufunde: awufumani irhafu yentlawulo), kodwa awusoze uhlawule irhafu kwintlawulo-mali eyenziweyo kwi-akhawunti okanye ngemali xa uhoxise kamva ebomini. Ukucwangciswa kwentlawulo efanelekileyo, ingakumbi ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yakho, kunokuthetha ubutyebi obuthe xaxa ngaphantsi kweendlela njengoko iinzuzo zizibandakanya.
Ezinye izicwangciso zokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kunye neengxelo nazo zinokufumana izibonelelo zokukhusela impahla. Ngokomzekelo, abanye banokukhuseleka okungenamkhawulo ukukhusela, oku kuthetha ukuba xa unobungozi bonyango okanye omnye umcimbi osusa iphepha lakho lokulinganisela kunye nokunyanzela ukuba uchaze i-bankruptcy, ukugcinwa kwakho komhlala-phantsi kuya kubakho ababolekisi. Abanye banemiqathango ekukhuselweni kweempahla ezinikezelwe kubo, kodwa bafikelela kwiimpawu ezixhenxe.
Iinkonzo okanye ezinye iindlela zokuKhusela iimpahla: Enye indlela yokwenza utyalo-mali lwakho lwenziwa ngamaziko okanye izakhiwo ezifana neemali zetrasti . Kukho ezinye izicwangciso zokucwangcisa kunye nokukhuselwa kwempahla yokusebenzisa iindlela ezizodwa zobunini, ngokukodwa ukuba ufuna ukukhawulela indlela inkunzi yakho esetyenziswa ngayo ngandlela-thile. Yaye ukuba unamashishini amaninzi okanye utyalo-mali, ungase ufune ukuthetha nommeli wakho ngokumisela inkampani ebambeleleyo.
Umzekelo Wendlela Umtyalo-mali omtsha unokuqalisa ngayo ukuTyala
Ngesikhokelo sendlela, makhe sijonge indlela umtyalo-mali omtsha angaqala ngayo ukutshala imali.
Okokuqala, ekucingeni ukuba awuqeshwanga, inkqubo efanelekileyo yeyona ntshukumo iya kubhalisela i- 401 (k) , 403 (b) , okanye ezinye izicwangciso zomhlalaphantsi ezixhaswe ngumqeshi ngokukhawuleza. Uninzi lwabaqeshi linikeza uhlobo oluthile lwemali ehambelana nomda othile. Umzekelo, ukuba umqeshi wakho unikela umdlalo weepesenti eziyi-100 kwi-3 yeepesenti yokuqala yomvuzo, kwaye ufumana i-$ 50,000 ngonyaka, oko kuthetha ukuba kwi-$ 1,500 yokuqala uyenqabe kwi-paycheck yakho kwaye ufaka kwi-akhawunti yakho yomhlalaphantsi, umqeshi wakho uya kufaka I-akhawunti yakho yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi i-$ 1,500 eyongezelelweyo kwimali yerhafu.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba umqeshi wakho unikezela okanye ungayifani, kunjalo, kufuneka utyalomali imali oyifake kwi-akhawunti. I-401 yakho (k) iya kuba nekhetho elingagqibekanga, kodwa khetha iimali ezihlanganyelweyo okanye ezinye izithuthi zotyalo-mali ezenza ingqiqo kwiimfuno zakho zekamva. Njengoko imali ingeniswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-akhawunti yakho ngekhekhe lokuhlawula ngalinye, iya kufakwa kuloo mali-mali.
Emva koko, ekucingeni ukuba uwele phantsi kwemfuno yokufaneleka kwemida , uya kufuna ukuxhaswa iRoth IRA ukuya kumlinganiselo ophezulu wokunikela . Leyo yi-5,500 yama-dollar kumntu oneminyaka engama-50 ubudala, kunye ne-$ 6,500 kumntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala (i-$ 5,500 yegalelo yomnikelo + we-$ 1,000 yokubambisana). Ukuba utshatile, kwiimeko ezininzi, unako ukuhlawula i-Roth IRA yakho nganye. Qinisekisa ukuba utyalomali imali oyifakayo kuyo - ngokungafi, ababoneleli be-IRA baya kufaka imali yakho kwimoto ekhuselekile, ephantsi-mali njengemali yemarike yemali uze uwalathise ngenye indlela, ngoko unqume ukuba yiziphi iimali, kunye ne-ETFs, okanye olunye utyalo-mali ofuna ukubeka imali yakho.
Emva kokuba uzinakekele izinto ezifunekayo zemali ezifana neengxowa-mali zexakeka kunye nokuhlawula ityala, ufuna ukubuyela kwi-401 yakho (k) uze uhlawule imali eseleyo (ngaphaya komda ohambelana nawe sele uxhaswe ngemali) kuye nawuphi na umda uvumelekile ukuba uyisebenzise loo nyaka. Ngokwenziwe, unokuqala ukongeza utyalo-mali ohlawulisiweyo kwi-akhawunti yakho yomrhwebi, mhlawumbi uthathe inxaxheba kwisicwangciso esithe ngqo sokuthengwa kwezinto , ufumane i-estate, uze uhlawule amanye amathuba.
Yenzelwe ngokuchanekileyo kwixesha elide kunye nokutyalomali olulawulwa ngokucokisekileyo, lunokunyusa ukhetho lwakho lokuthatha umhlalaphantsi ngokukhawuleza.