Ukutshala imali kwi-Hedge Funds Kungaba yiNkcazo engenakwenzeka kubaTshali-mali abatsha
Ngoku, ndifuna ukuthatha ixesha ukuba ndichaze izizathu ezingenakwenzeka ukuba abatshali-mali abatsha bafumane ukufikelela kwiimali eziphezulu zokuhlawula umgangatho kunye neminye imithetho ebekwe kwi-investment placement. (Ukubekwa ngasese kuthetha ukuba awunalo ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kulotyalo-mali njengelungu likarhulumente, njengokuthenga ngokutshintshaniswa kwempahla nge- akhawunti ye-brokerage njengoko kunjalo, kunikwe kuphela iqela elikhethiweyo abatshali-mali abathile. Ukuba ngaba umkhwenkwe wakho uqalise iqumrhu elitsha ukukhupha i-chain of yogurt eqingqiweyo kwaye unikwe ithuba lokuthenga izabelo ngelixa uluntu jikelele alukho, kuya kuthathwa njengotyalo-mali lwabazimeleyo. ) U
Ukuqonda izizathu zokufumana i-hedge funds ezingenakufikeleleka kubantu, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba, nangona i-hedge funds ibanjwe ngasese, kwaye ihlala ihlelwe njengobambiswano obuqingqiweyo okanye iinkampani ezinobuncitshitshiweyo , iiyunithi zabambiswano okanye ubuncinane beeyunithi zobulungu benkampani ziqwalaselwa izibambiso phantsi kweemeko ezininzi.
Imithetho iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye iyanqandwa rhoqo kubaphathi abancinci bemali, ngoko ke iKhomishana yezoThutho kunye noTshintshiso , okanye i- SEC , ivumela indlela ejikeleze oku ngokukhupha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi zotyalo-mali ezisuka kwiimfuno zokubhalisa. Ininzi, kodwa ingeyo yonke, yale mixolelo ifunyenwe kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Miselo D".
Kulapha, kuMthethonqubo D ukuba ufumene izizathu kuba nzima ukuba abatshali-mali abatsha bathenge kwi-hedge funds.
Kwinqanaba elithile, oku kunokuba yinto enhle kuluntu njengoko, kuthathwa ngokubambisana, abatyala-mali abaqhelekileyo banamathuba angaphantsi kwamava, ubuncinane bezemali kunye nokuxhomekeka komlinganiselo, njengoko kulinganiswa yimali engeniso kunye nexabiso, ukufumana ingozi ebalulekileyo ezayo kunye neendlela ezininzi zokuhlawula imali. Esikhundleni salo, ukubheja phambili kukugwema ukuzama ukufikelela kwiingxowa-mali kunye nokuphonsa kwiluwula, ukutshala imali kwiinkcukacha zenkcazo okanye izicwangciso ezingasetyenziswayo, mhlawumbi ngokusebenzisa ama- akhawunti alawulwa ngabanye ukuba ngaba ubuncinane ubuninzi beedola eziliwaka, ngelixa begcina iliso ngokubhekiselele kwi-tax efficiency kunye nokugcina izinto ezifana nexabiso lokuxhaswa kweendleko zomzimba .
Nangona kunjalo, masihambe kwiMimiselo D kwaye sifumane ezinye iimfuno kunye nezithintelo.
Isizathu # 1: Umgaqo-D wenza loo nto ukuba abaTyalo-mali abangabhalwanga ngabangenayo i-Limited Limited Inani lamachaphaza kwi-Roster
Ngokukodwa, kukho iindawo ezintathu ezibalulekileyo zeMimiselo D: Umgaqo-504, uMthetho 505, kunye noMgaqo-506. Ezi zintathu zilawula zonke iinzuzo kunye neengxaki kodwa i-common denominator ivumela ukuba inkampani okanye i-hedge fund ikhuphe imali kubasomali-mali ngaphandle ukufaka ezininzi zephepha.
Imithintelo eqhelekileyo yinto yokungakwazi ukuphakamisa imali kuma-investors angaphezu kwama-35 angavunyelwanga okanye ukuphakamisa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-5 kwiinyanga ezili-12. (Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe vetshe, funda ntoni Umtyalo-mali ogunyazisiweyo?).
Isizathu # 2: Iminyaka emininzi, uMgaqo-D wenza ukuba Kubekwe phantsi koMthetho ukuThengisa iHedge Fund
Kwiminyaka emininzi, umGaqo-mthetho D Rule 504, 505, kunye no-506 ukuthengiswa kweentengiso ngokubanzi, okwenza kube nzima ukuba ufunde ngamathuba okufumana i-hedge fund ngaphandle kokuba ube nolwalamano olukhoyo kunye nomthengisi. Eli lungiselelo libhekiselele ekukhuseleni abatyali-mali kodwa abanye abavakalisi boshishino baphikisana ukuba ngoku iphelelwe yisikhathi kwaye, kuzo zonke iinjongo kunye neenjongo, bafumana i-SEC ukuguqula isimo sabo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi isizathu, i-hedge funds ayinakusebenzisa amathuba okuzithengisa ngokwabo njengabanye abathathi-ntatheli bezentengiselwano bacinga ukuba baya kuba njalo.
Ingaba oko kuyaqhubeka kuba yimeko kwixesha elizayo njengoko imithetho emitsha ibe yinxalenye ye-landscape, kuphela ixesha eliya kuxela.
Isizathu # 3: I-Hedge Fund Abalingani Jikelele banokumkela abo bafuna
Abaphathi, amaqabane aqhelekileyo kunye nabanye abaphathi be-hedge fund banokumkela okanye ukugatya nabani na abafunayo kwi-fund ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukubandlulula ngentando. Akunjalo nokutshala imali kwiimali zohlalutyo okanye utyalo-mali kwisitokhi apho nabani na onako ukuthenga amasheya banelungelo lokwenza njalo. Oku kuya kunceda i-hedge fund ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, umphathi weepotfoliyo unokuqinisekisa ukuba abatyali-zimali abafana nomgaqo-nkqubo olwabiwo-mali bayangeniswa, bancitshiswe iingxabano zexesha elizayo kunye neziphazamiso. Ngelishwa, kwathetha ukuba abantu bangaphandle bafumana ixesha elinzima ukufumana ukuba bengabikho kwi-orbit yomntu otyalomali, okanye oxhomekeke kuyo, kwingxowa-mali. Le yindawo apho iibhanki ezizimeleyo kunye neenkampani zolawulo zorhwebo zingabamba indima, ukuzisa abatyalo-mali ukuba baxhomeke abaphathi kunye ne-visa versa.
Umzekelo omhle ngumtyalomali ogqwesileyo kakhulu kwihlabathi ngeli xesha. Xa uWarren Buffett eqala i-hedge funds, ngaphandle kokuba unxulumene naye, intsapho yakhe, umtyalo-mali okhoyo okanye umcebisi wakhe, uBenjamin Graham, mhlawumbi ubungenakuva ngaye. Abalingani bakhe bokuqala abasixhenxe babandakanya amalungu omndeni kunye nosapho lwabahlala naye kwikolishi.
Isizathu # 4: Awuyi kuhlangana neNkcitho yeNgcaciso yeMali ye-Hedge Fund
Umntu okanye abantu abaqhuba isikhwama se-hedge bangafaka utyalo-mali obuncinci kuyo nayiphi na into ayifunayo kwiimeko ezininzi. Ekubeni kunomda kumyinge webatyalomali abangavunyelwa phantsi koMgaqo D Dandelo 504, 505, okanye ukukhululwa kwe-506, baya kufuna ukwenza loo mfanekiso uphakamileyo. Ezinye ii-hedge funds zidinga utyalo-mali obuncinane be $ 100,000, kanti abanye bangadinga i-25,000,000 okanye ngaphezulu! Ngumcimbi nje wobuchule.
Ndagijimelene nale ndoda xa mna nomyeni wam sasiqala ukucwangcisa ukuqaliswa kwenkampani yethu yokulawula i-asethi yehlabathi. Enye yeenkonzo zokuqala esikuhlose ukukhupha iyaziwa njenge-akhawunti yangasese. Nangona kungengabikho kwesikhwama se-hedge, kwaye ngoko ke singagqithwanga kwimimiselo yemfihlo esiyixubusha kuyo kwinqanaba elithile, lolu hlobo lulungiselelo luya kubangela ukuba abantu abanamalungelo, iintsapho kunye namaziko amanqanaba aphakamileyo afanele ukubeka i-akhawunti kumgcini wesithathu ukhetho lwabo kwaye banike igunya lethu eliqinileyo lokuqonda phezu kwalo; igunya esisisebenzisayo ukwakha nokugcina iphothifoliyo yezobuphoso kubo ngokusebenzisa ifilosofi efanayo yokutyalomali esiyisebenzisayo xa silula ubutyebi bentsapho yethu. Ngeendlela ezininzi, kufana nokuba neengxowa-mali ezizimeleyo ezidalwe ngqo; indlela yokuzama ukudibanisa inzuzo yerhafu yecandelo lomntu ngamnye kunye neenzuzo ezifanelekileyo zokugqithisa umsebenzi wonke kumphathi wepottoliyo. Kwakhona kufaka ukubandakanya iintlawulo eziphantsi kakhulu kunesikhwama se-hedge fund, nangona izigunyaziso ezingaphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, isikhwama se-hedge singathatha isikweletu sebhanki kwaye sifumane iinkampani ezipheleleyo, ongenako ukwenza nge-akhawunti yangasese njengoko sifake.
Xa sisebenza kwisakhiwo, ndandilinga ukulingwa ukubeka imali encinci phakathi kwe-$ 1,000,000 ne-5,000,000. Yayiyindoda yam endiqinisekisileyo, emva kweentsuku ezininzi, kunye neentsuku zokuxubusha, ukunciphisa i-$ 500,000. Nangona kunjalo, xa ndivakalisa oko, ndakuva kubantu abaninzi abadaniweyo. Ndizama ukufumana indlela yokufumana ubuncinci ukuya kwii-250,000 zama-$ 250, ubuncinane ekuqaleni kwabantu abakuloluhlu lokulinda, olusekude ngaphaya kofikeleleko lwendlu yaseMerika.
Andizange ndiyenze ngaphandle komnqweno wokungabandakanyi. Inyaniso kukuba, kunzima kakhulu ukukhonza ii-akhawunti ezincinci ukuya kwimilinganiselo endiyifunayo ukuba ndizinzile kwaye andinomdla wokuhlawula uhlobo lwemirhumo eninzi kwiibhanki zentlalo kunye neenkampani zithemba. Oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uvale iingcango kwiindawo ezinkulu zoluntu. Isisombululo sesigqibo esisekelwe kuhlalutyo lokurhweba kunye namanani. Mhlawumbi, ngelinye ilanga, siza kuhlawula imali kunye kunye nokuthengiselana ngemali yokuthengisa imali yethu yokwenza iinkonzo zethu zifikeleleke kubathengi amancinci ngendlela ezinye iinkampani zinayo - kukho abatshali-mali abangenasicatshulwa ngaphandle ababelana ngokubambisana kwethu ngokutyalomali-mali, indlela esekelwe kwixabiso, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwentela - kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ngumngeni.
Ekugqibeleni, Musa ukulibala ukuba i-Hedge Fund ayikho uhlobo loTyalo-mali, i-Termic Term, ekhusele iManzi kwaye ayikwazi ukubeka
Xa umntu athi uthenge "isikhwama se-hedge", akutshiyo nto nantoni na. I-hedge fund ayikho into efanelekileyo yokutshala imali ngaphandle kokuba isitokthi sinokulungileyo okanye esibi. Kuphela nje ixesha elichazayo elikuxelela ukuba ujongene nolunye uhlobo lweengxowa-mali zokutshala imali engabhaliswanga kunye neSibini kuba liwela phantsi kwesinye sezizathu zeMimiselo D. Unokuba nekhredithi ekhethekileyo ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni amahotele, owathengayo isitokethi kwixabiso lokutyalomali, omnye othengisa ubugcisa obuhle, okanye owathengayo kwaye wathengisa izilwanyana ezingabonakaliyo! I-fund ye-hedge ingahlawulwa ngamatyala okanye iphezulu kakhulu. Ingayigxininisa imisebenzi yayo kwii-asethi zaseUnited States okanye ngaphandle. Uluhlu lwezinto ezinokuthi luhlala luphela.