I-Hedge Fund Inkcazo, Inkcazo, kunye neNkcukacha kubaTshali-mali abatsha
Kule nqaku, ndiza kuchaza ukuba yintoni i-hedge fund, ukuhamba ngendlela yokusebenza kwemali, kunye nokucima ezinye iinkcukacha ezichaphazelekayo eziphathelene nokwenza utyalo-mali kwi-fund.
Yintoni iHedge Fund?
Okokuqala, makhe siphendule umbuzo onokukuzisa apha. I-hedge fund ayikho uhlobo oluthile lotyalo-mali. Kunoko, luyilo lotyalo-mali oluqulunqwe ngumphathi wemali okanye umcebisi-mali obhalisiweyo . Esi sakhiwo sotyalo-mali esixhaswe ngokuqhelekileyo sihlala siqulunqwe njengobambiswano obuncitshisiweyo okanye inkampani ejongene noxanduva . (Olu hlobo lokugqibela luye lwaxhaphaka kakhulu kwiminyaka emva nje ngenxa yeenzuzo eziphambili ze-LLCs malunga neefom zabo zokubambisana ezikhuphisanayo. Kwiintsuku ze-olden, zangaphambili ziyaziwa kakhulu-umz., Ubudlelwane obunqamlekileyo be-Warren Buffett-nangaphambi koko, i-corporation c-corporations zazisetyenziswa-umzekelo, uBenham Graham waseGraham-Newman Corporation.)
Yenzani iNgxowa yeHedge?
Kwi-fund ye-hedge fund, umphathi wesikhwama se-hedge uvuselela imali kubarhwebi bangaphandle kwaye uyityala ngokuvumelana naluphi na isicwangciso asithembise ukuyisebenzisa. Kukho i-hedge funds ejolise kwii-"kuphela-kuphela" ezilinganayo, oko kuthetha ukuba zithenga kuphela i-stock efanayo kwaye azizange zithengise mfutshane .
Kukho i-hedge funds ezibandakanya ukulingana kwangasese, oku kukuthengwa kwamashishini athile abucala, ngokubambekayo, ekuphuculeni imisebenzi, kwaye kamva uxhase umrhumo wokuqala woluntu . Kukho i-hedge funds ezithengisa izibopho ezingenanto . Kukho iimali zentambo ekhethekileyo kwiindawo zokuthengisa . Kukho neengxowa zemali ezenza imali isebenze kwiiklasi ezikhethekileyo zee-asethi ezifana neemvume kunye namalungelo omculo. Ngokucacileyo, i-hedge funds ingakwazi ngokukodwa malunga nantoni na.
Iingxowa zeHedge zafumana phi igama lawo?
Izizukulwana ezininzi ezedlulileyo, iimali zangaphambili zentambo zakhiwe ukugcina amasheya omibini kunye omfutshane (izikhundla "zenziwe ngotywala") ukuze abatyali-mali bathathe imali kungakhathaliseki ukuba imarike yanda okanye iyancipha. Yayinjongo, nangona kunjalo. Igama linamathele kwaye landisiwe ukuze libandakanye zonke iintlobo zokuhlelwa kwamanqaku amakhulu.
Abaphathi be-Hedge Fund bahlawulwa njani?
Abaphathi be-hedge fund bahlawulwa ngokusekelwe kuyo nayiphi na imiqathango okanye amalungiselelo atholakala kwisivumelwano sokusebenza . Abanye abaphathi be-hedge fund bathola umgangatho "2 kunye no-20", oku kuthetha ukuba i-2% ye-asethi enetyenzi ngonyaka kunye ne-20% yenzuzo ngaphezu kwesantya esinqunyiwe. Abanye abaphathi be-hedge fund bakhokhelwa kwinkqubo enyulu.
Ukubuyela kwimibutho eqhelekileyo yaseBuffett ngoku, uWarren Buffett uthathe phakathi kwama-25% kunye ne-50% yenzuzo kodwa wavuma ukuhlawula ilahleko zentsebenziswano kwiimilinganiselo ezihlukeneyo, ezityhila ngokusemngciphekweni omkhulu kunokuba abaqeqeshi abaninzi baya kukhululeka ukwenza. Phantse yonke i-hedge funds ibonisa "uphawu lwamanzi aphakamileyo", oku kuthetha ukuba i-fund iyancipha, umphathi kufuneka enze ilahleko phambi kokuba afumane umvuzo ongezelelweyo.
Ngubani onokutshala imali kwi-Hedge Funds?
Ngokwenene, abaninzi abantu bafanelekile ukutshala imali kwi-hedge funds. Ngokwenene, kuphela " abatyali-mali abaqinisekisiweyo " kunye / okanye "abatyali-mali abasemgangathweni" baya kukwazi ukwenza oko ngenxa yesimiso somgaqo-karhulumente esenza ukuba kungenakwenzeka ukuba umphathi we-hedge fund uya kukuvuma kubambiswano okanye iqinile ngaphandle kokuba ufanelekile. Nangona umphathi we-hedge fund wayenomdla wokwenza okungafaniyo, unako kuphela ukuvuma abatyala-mali abangavumelekanga abangama-35 ukuba bafune ukugcina loo mabala evulelekileyo kubahlobo abasondeleyo kunye namalungu entsapho.
Ukuba awukwazi ukuba yiyiphi imali ye-hedge funds, mhlawumbi akunjalo ukuba ngabaphi abatyali-mali abavunyelweyo kunye nabaqeqeshiweyo. Abatyalomali abamkelekileyo bahlangabeza enye yemigangatho elandelayo:
- Ingeniso yomntu oyi-$ 200,000 okanye ngaphezulu ngonyaka ngamnye ngokwakhe. Ukuba umtshato, intlawulo ehlangeneyo kufuneka ibe ngu-300,000 okanye ngaphezulu ngonyaka. Le ntlawulo kufuneka ifumane ubuncinane iminyaka emibini elandelelana kwaye umtyalomali kufuneka abe nesizathu sokukholelwa ukuba uya kugcina le nqanaba yengeniso kwixesha elizayo.
- Ubungakanani bemali engama-1 000 000 okanye ngaphezulu, ngokubodwa okanye kunye nomlingane, ngaphandle kokuhlala kwakho okuphambili
- Isigqeba, iqabane, umlawuli, okanye omnye umntu ofanelekileyo obophelelwe kwisikhwama sesigodlo ngokwawo (oku kuvumela ukuba iqhaza lomqeshwa kunye nomphathi)
- Isicwangciso sempesheni yomqeshwa okanye isikhwama sokuthembela ngenani lemali eyi-5,000,000 okanye ngaphezulu engabonwanga ngokukodwa ngenjongo yokwenza utyalo-mali
- Nayiphi na into apho bonke abatyali-mali bezobalo-mali batyali-mali abavunyelweyo ngokwabo
Abatyalomali abanolwazi banolwazi kunye namava afanelekileyo ukuvavanya nokuqonda ingozi kunye nokufaneleka kotyalo-mali.
IHedge Fund isebenza njani?
Ukuze ufunde kangcono nge sifundo, masithathe umzekelo omkhulu. Khawucinge ukuba ndimisela inkampani ebizwa ngokuthi "Global Umbrella Investments, LLC" njenge- Delaware LLC . Isivumelwano sokusebenza, esibhaliweyo somthetho esichazela ukuba ilawulwa yinkampani, sithetha ukuba ndiza kufumana i-25% yiphina inzuzo ngaphezu kwe-3% ngonyaka kwaye ndinokutshala kuyo nayiphi na into - isitokisini , iibhondi , iimali ezidibeneyo , i- real estate , ukuqala, ubugcisa, izitampu ezinqabileyo, ukuqokelela , igolide , iwayini; ayinamsebenzi.
Ngomnye kuza umtyalomali oyedwa onotyala imali eyizigidi ezingama-100 kwi-fund ye-hedge fund. Ubhala inkampani isheke, ndiyifake kwi-akhawunti yethu yomrhwebi , kwaye ndiyichitha inkunzi ngokwemiqathango echazwe kwisivumelwano sokusebenza. Mhlawumbi ndisebenzisa imali ukuthenga iivenkile zokutya. Mhlawumbi ndiqala inkampani entsha. Ngayiphi indlela, ingongoma kukuba yonke imihla xa ndivuka ndiya eofisini, injongo yam kukubeka imali yemali-mali yam ukuba isebenze kwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu ( ukulungiswa komngcipheko , eqinisweni), ngenxa yokuba ndiyamenza, ngakumbi xa ndifika ekhaya.
Ngenxa yempikiswano, umfanekiso owenziwe ngotyalo-mali olungakholwanga kunyaka wokuqala, ngokuphindwe kabini ifa leenkampani kwi $ 100 yezigidi ukuya kwi-200 yezigidi. Ngoku, ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano sokusebenza kwenkampani, i-3% yokuqala yowomtyalomali nantoni na apha ngasentla ekwahlula i-25% kum kunye no-75% kumtyalo-mali wam. Kule meko, inzuzo eyi-$ 100 yezigidi iza kuncitshiswa nge-$ 3 yezigidi ukwenzela ukuba le nqanaba likhuphe. Iingamali eziyi-97 zeeRandi eziyi-97 zihlula i-25% kum kunye no-75% kumtyalo-mali wam.
Umphumo wenetha kukuba ndihamba nge-$ 24.25 yezigidi ezihlawulelwayo. Umtyalomali wam ufumana i-$ 3 yezigidi ezithintekayo kunye nezigidi ezingama-72.75 zeemali ezivela kumbambano onelungelo elingaphezulu apha, eliza kumisa i-$ 75.75 yezigidi.