Utyalo-mali oVunyelweyo, iMigangatho kunye neNjongo
Ngokuqinisekileyo kuyilumko ukufumana ulwazi lokutyalo-mali kwaye ufunde izinto ezisisiseko zokugcina iimali zokugcina utsalo-mali, ezifana nezitokisi , iibhondi kunye neemali eziphathekayo . Kodwa ukuba unjengabantu abaninzi, awukwazi ukuba kutheni umtyalo-mali uza kufuna imvume.
Ingaba ufuna ukuba ngumtyalo-mvume ovumelekileyo okanye ucinge ukuba unokufuna enye, yintoni okufuneka uyifumane.
Utyalo-mali ochongiweyo
Umtyalo-mali ogunyazisiweyo ngumntu okanye isikhungo esihlangabezana neemfuno ezithile ngenjongo yokuthenga iziqinisekiso ezinganikezelwa kuluntu jikelele. Ngokukodwa, iKhomishana yoTshintsho lweeNkxaso-mali (SEC) , kwi-summary definition of the investor-accredited, ifuna ukuba "inkampani inika okanye ithengise i-securities yayo kufuneka ibhalise i-securities kwi-SEC okanye ifumane ukukhululwa kwiimfuneko zokubhalisa." Enye yale mixolelo ukuthengisa izitheno kumtyalo-mvume ogunyazisiweyo.
Iimfuno zeeNgxowa-mali ezivunyiweyo
Inkcazo ye-SEC ye-investor eqinisekisiwe ichazwe kuMgaqo 501 weMiselo D. Nazi iinjongo eziphambili zaloo nkcazo, okanye oko singabhekisela kuzo njengeziqinisekiso zemali-mvume-mvume, kuMgaqo 501:
- Ibhanki okanye nayiphi na umthengisi okanye umthengisi obhaliswe ngokubhekiselele kwicandelo 15 le-Securities Exchange Act ka-1934 okanye nayiphina inkampani yomshuwalense njengoko ichazwe kwicandelo 2 (a) (13) loMthetho;
- Inkampani yotyalo-mali ebhaliswe phantsi kwe-Investment Act Act ka-1940 okanye inkampani yokuphuhlisa ishishini njengoko ichazwe kwicandelo 2 (a) (48) yalo Mthetho;
- Ikampani elincinci lokuTyala kwezoRhwebo elilayiseniswe yi-US Small Business Administration phantsi kwecandelo 301 (c) okanye (d) loMthetho woTyalo-mali oNcinci we-1958;
- Isicwangciso esisungulwe kwaye sigcinwe likarhulumente, iziqendu zalo zepolitiki, okanye nayiphi na i-arhente okanye i-instrumentality of state okanye i-subdivisions yayo, ukwenzela ukuba inzuzo yabasebenzi bayo, ukuba eso sicwangciso sinamaxabiso angaphezulu kwama-5,000,000;
- Isicwangciso senzuzo somqeshwa ngaphakathi kwentsingiselo yoMthetho woKhuseleko loNgeniso loMhlala-phantsi we-Employee Retirement of 1974 xa isigqibo sotyalo-mali senziwe yiplani ye-fiduciary, njengoko kuchazwe kwicandelo 3 (21) yaloo msebenzi, ebandakanya ibhanki, ukugcina imali kunye ne-association loan, inkampani yomshuwalense, okanye umcebisi-mali obhalisiweyo, okanye ukuba isicwangciso sesibonelelo somqeshwa sinamaxabiso angaphezu kwama-5,000,000 okanye, ukuba isicwangciso esizicwangcisiweyo, kunye nezigqibo zokutshala imali ezenziwe kuphela ngabantu ababolekisi-mali.
Ukwenza lula lula ngentla, umtyalo-mali ovumelekileyo unokubakho ibhanki, umrhwebi, umcebisi-mali obhalisiwe (RIA) , ezinye izicwangciso zomhlala-phantsi ezixhaswe ngumqashi, kwaye ezinye zithemba .
Ukuba ngumtyalo-mali ogunyazisiweyo kwinqanaba ngalinye, umntu kufuneka abe nengeniso yonyaka ye-$ 200,000, okanye i-$ 300,000 ngokubambisana, kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo kunye nokukwazi ukubonisa ukuba le nqanaba liza kuqhubeka. Umntu unokuthi uthathelwa njengomtyalo-mvume ovumelekileyo ukuba unetyala elidlulileyo kwi-1 million yezigidi, nokuba ngumntu ngamnye okanye ngokubambisana neqabane lakhe.
I-SEC iphinda ivumele abantu abasebenzisana nabo bonke, igosa elilawulayo okanye umlawuli we-issuer of secured securities.
Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba umntu angabonisa imfundo namava ngamasheya angabhaliswanga, banokuthi bathathwe njengomtyalo-mvume ogunyazisiweyo.
Yintoni Injongo Yabatyalomali Abavunyelweyo?
Njengoko unokucinga, kukho imigaqo emininzi, imimiselo kunye nemigca yamaphepha ukuze kuthengise ukugcinwa kweemali kwi-yoluntu jikelele. Ukuze ujikeleze oku, kwaye ukulungiselela amaziko amakhulu emali, i-SEC ivumela ukuxolelwa okukhethekileyo. Njengoko abatyali-mali abavunyelweyo kufuneka bahlangabezane nomgangatho onzima ofuna ulwazi olunzulu kunye namava kwiimarike ezinkulu, i-SEC ingakwazi ukukhulula eminye imithetho yabo eqinile yokuthengisa i-securities. Ngamagama ahlukileyo, injongo yeSET ekhuselekileyo kukukhusela umtyalo-mali wosuku ngalunye kwaye ukuvumela ukukhululwa komtyalo-mvume okwamkelekileyo okwenza ubuncinci ukudala ulwahlulo olwaneleyo kunye nokukhuselekileyo phakathi kwezinto ezinokubakho kobuninzi-mali obunzima kunye noluntu-mali olubanzi.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.