Fumana ulwazi kwiipropati, ukubunjwa kunye nokuveliswa kwe-alloy yensimbi
I-Alloys yinkampani ye-metallic ehlanganiswe nesinyithi kunye nesinye okanye ngaphezulu kwesinyithi okanye izinto ezingezantsi zetsimbi.
Imizekelo yeelithi eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- I-Steel , inhlanganisela yentsimbi (isinyithi) kunye nekhabhoni (engekho isinyithi)
- I-bronze, inhlanganisela yobhedu (isinyithi) kunye ne- tin (isinyithi) kunye
- I-Brass, umxube wobhedu (isinyithi) kunye ne-zinc (isinyithi)
Iipropati
Isinyithi esicocekileyo somntu ngamnye sinokuba nezixhobo ezinobuncedo, ezifana nokuqhuba kakuhle kombane , amandla aphezulu, nobunzima, okanye ukushisa nokuxhatshazwa.
Ii-alloys zentsimbi zentengiso zizama ukudibanisa ezi zakhiwo ezincedisayo ukuze zenze isinyithi esiluncedo ngakumbi kwisicelo esithile kunanoma yiyiphi inxalenye yecandelo layo.
Ukuphuhliswa kwesinyithi, umzekelo, kufuneka ukuba udibanise ukuchaneka kwe-carbon kunye nentsimbi (malunga ne-99% yentsimbi kunye ne-1% ye-carbon, njengoko ivela) ukwenzela ukuvelisa isinyithi esinamandla, ukukhanya kunye nesinyithi esisebenzayo kunesinyithi esicocekileyo .
Iipropati ezichanekileyo ze-alloys ezinzima kunzima ukubala kuba izixhobo azihlanganisi nje ukuba zibe yingqungquthela yeengxenye, kodwa zenziwe ngokusebenzisana kweekhemikhali ezixhomekeke kumacandelo abo kunye nendlela yokuvelisa. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlolwa okuninzi kuyadingeka ekuphuhliseni ama-alloys esitsha esinyithi.
Enye into eqinisekile kukuba xa izitshixo zichithwe, ukufudumala kwamaqondo ahlala echaphazelekayo. I-Galinstan ®, i-alloy-melt alloy equkethe i- gallium , i-tin, kunye ne-indium, ifakile kwiqondo lokushisa ngaphaya kwe-2.2 ° F (-19 ° C), oku kuthetha ukuba i-melting point is 122 ° F (50 ° C) ngaphantsi kwe-gallium ecocekileyo kunye ngaphezu kwama-212 ° F (100 ° C) ngaphantsi kwe-indium kunye ne-tin.
I-Galinstan® kunye ne-Wood's Metal yimizekelo ye-alloys ye-eutectic. Ama-alloys e-Eutectic anendawo yokuqhaqha ephantsi kunoma yimuphi umxube we-alloy enezinto ezifanayo.
Ukwakhiwa
Iziqulatho zee-alfabhethi ziveliswa rhoqo, ngelixa iziqulatho ezintsha zenziwa rhoqo.
Iziqulatho eziqhelekileyo ezamkelekileyo ziquka amanqanaba okuhlanjululwa kwezinto ezixhasayo (ngokusekelwe kumxholo wesisindo).
Ukwenza izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo ezinomzimba kunye neziphathekayo ze-alloys eziqhelekileyo, zilungelelaniswe yimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe anjalo njenge-ISO, i-SAE International, kunye ne-ASTM International.
U ku velisa
Ezinye ii-alloys zetsimbi zivela ngokwemvelo kwaye zifuna ukuqhutyelwa kancinci ukuba ziguqulwe zibe zixhobo zebakala zorhwebo. I-Ferro-alloys efana neFerro-chromium kunye neFerro-silicon, ngokukodwa, iveliswa ngokufumba i-ores edibeneyo kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwamaxabiso athile.
Amashishini ezoshishino kunye nee-alloys, nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi zifuna ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye zihlala zenziwa ngokuxuba iinsimbi ezibunjiweyo kwindawo elawulwayo. Sekunjalo, omnye unokuphosakeka ekucingeni ukuba ukudibanisa isinyithi yinkqubo elula.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntu adibanise ukudibanisa i- aluminium etyhidiweyo kunye nomkhombisi otyhidiweyo, siza kufumana ukuba babezahlula kwiindawo, kufana neoli kunye namanzi. Inkqubo yokudibanisa isinyithi etyhidiweyo, okanye ukudibanisa izinyithi kunye nonmetals, iyahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwiipropati zezinto ezifunekayo.
Izinto zeMetri zihluke kakhulu ekunyamezeleni kwabo ukushisa kunye nokuphazamiseka. Nangona izinto ezinjengeensimbi ezikhanyelayo zizinzile kumaqondo aphezulu, abanye baqala ukusebenzisana neendawo zabo, ezinokuchaphazela amanqanaba okuhlanzeka kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ikhwalithi ye-alloy.
Ingqwalasela ebalulekileyo xa idibanisa isinyithi kubandakanya ukushisa kwamanzi okutshintshwa kwezinto zinyithi, amazinga angcolileyo, indawo yokuxuba kunye nenkqubo yokwenza isicelo.
Kwezinye iimeko, ii-alloys eziphakathi kufuneka zilungiswe ukwenzela ukukholisa izinto ezidibeneyo.
I-alloy e-95.5% ye-aluminium kunye ne-4.5% yobhedu yenziwa kuqala ngokulungiselela umxube we-50% wezinto ezimbini. Lo mxube unezinga eliphantsi lokuqhaqha kunokuba i-aluminium ecocekileyo okanye ubhedu ococekileyo kwaye usebenze njenge 'alloyener alloy'. Oku ke kuqaliswe kwi-aluminium etyhidiweyo ngezinga elidala ukudibanisa kwe-alloy.
Imithombo: Iitrato, uArthur. Kunye no-Alexander, WO-1944. Amanzi kwiNkonzo yoMntu . Udidi lwe-11 (1998).