I-Cobalt , ekhankanywe ngokukodwa njengomkhiqizo we- nickel kunye ne- ores ye- copper , igxothwa ngobuninzi kwiDemocratic Republic of Congo, eChina, eRussia, eCanada nase-Australia.
I-Cobalt yokutyelela, nangona kunjalo, ayifumaneki kufuphi neendawo zam zezityalo. Esikhundleni saloo nto, iincinci ezinkulu zithengela i-cobalt yokugxila kwimigodi eyahlukeneyo kunye neenqanawa ukuya kwindawo yazo.
Ngo-2014, ukuveliswa kwe-cobalt yomhlaba kwakuyi-91,754 ietoni zeetoni (MT). Abalithoba abakhulu abavelisi ngabanye, kunye neTshayina, babalelwa kuma-40 ekhulwini ale mali.
Sekunjalo, ukubalwa kwemanani evela kubaninzi bezonkinobho baseTshayina kunzima ukuyifumana. Amanqaku okuveliswa kweShayina, ngoko ke, ahlanganiswe phantsi kwelinye luluhlu olungezantsi.
Izibalo zoluhlu zisekelwe kumanani anikezelwe yiCobalt Development Institute.
Amanani okuveliswa kocobalt ahlaziywe ngo-2014 apha ngezantsi aboniswe kwietoni zamanxweme egameni lenkampani nganye.
01 IChina (eyahlukeneyo) - 39,292MT
Ukunyuka okukhulu kwi-Cobalt yokucocwa kwe-Chinese cobalt kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo kuye kwashukumisela ilizwe ukuba libe ngumthombo omkhulu wehlabathi wokuvelisa okuvelisiweyo, kubangele ngaphezu kwe-40 kweepesenti yelizwe jikelele.
02 Freeport Cobalt (Finland) - 11,452MT
I-Freeport yaseColombia yokucoca i-cobalt eFinland ngumvelisi omkhulu weekhemikhali ze-cobalt ze-pigment, i-ceramic, i-powder metallurgy, ibhetri kunye nezinye izicelo zeekhemikhali.
Ukucocwa kwafunyanwa kwi-OM Group, Inc. ngowama-2013 ngu-consortium okhokelwa yi-Freeport-McMoRan kunye ne-Tenke Fungume Mining, i-Lundin Mining Corp, kunye namaGecamines. Ngoku isebenza njengeFreeport Cobalt.
Eli qela linomthwalo omkhulu wobunini kwaye isebenza ngeMayini Fungume Imayini kwiDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Oku kunika iKokkola ngokubonelela ngokukhawuleza kwe-cobalt.
03 Glencore (ezahlukeneyo) - 9,300MT
Umsebenzi kaGlencore kwiNikkelverk, iNorway iyona nto yokucoca i-nickel enkulu kwihlabathi lasentshona. I-Nickel igxininisa i-cobalt, kunye negolide, i- platinum kunye ne- palladium , ingeniswa kwimigodi yaseCanada (eSudbury ne-Raglan) kunye neminye imithombo yondla yokutya.
Le nkampani inemveliso yokucoca i-cobalt enkulu eMinara, e-Australia kunye naseKatanga, e-DRC.
Imveliso yocobalt ecocekileyo yenkampani yabakho malunga neepesenti ezili-10 zomveliso wehlabathi jikelele ngo-2014.
04 Umicore (eBelgium) - 5,850MT
I-Specialty metal metal refiner i-Umicore ihlaziya i-cobalt kwiCobalt yayo kunye neCandelo leeMfuno eziKhethekileyo (CSM) kwiindawo zayo eBelgium naseChina. Inkampani ihlambulule kwaye ithengisa iimveliso ze-cobalt ukususela ngo-1912 kwaye iphinde iphindwe kabini imveliso evela ngonyaka ka-2010.
05 Chambishi / ENRC (Zambia) - 4,317MT
I-Chambishi Metals ye-PLC yintsimbi yaseZambia kunye nomvelisi we-cobalt osebenza yi-ENRC Group (90% ubunini). Imayini yenkampani, ukuhlawuliswa kunye nokucocwa kwayo yonke into ephakathi kweZambia, ngelixa ukuthengisa nokuthengiswa kusetyenziswa yi-Comit Resources FZE e-Dubai.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cobalt ka-Chambishi ka-2014 kwehle ngo-14 kweepesenti ngaphezu ko-2013 ukuya kwi-4,317MT.
06 Sumitomo (eJapan) - 3,654MT
I-Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. (SMM) yinkxaso yeSumitomo Group, enye ye- keiretsu enkulu yeJapan , okanye ishishini loshishino.
I-smelter enkulu kunye ne-refiner yobhedu, i-nickel negolide, i-SMM ine-27.5 yepesenti kwiProjekthi ye-Ambatovy Nickel eMadagascar, kunye ne-Sherritt International kunye neKorea Resources Corp.
I-Niihama Nickel Inkampani yokucoca i-nickel ye-electrolytic ne-cobalt eJapan. Ngonyuka ngowama-2014 ukwanda kweepesenti ezingama-25 ukusuka ngonyaka ngaphambi kwe-3,654MT.
07 uSherritt / ICCI (eCanada) - 3,210MT
I-Sherritt International yaseCanada ine-50 yepesenti kwi-Moa Joint Venture (Cuba) kunye ne-40 pesenti kwiprojekthi yase-Ambatovy (iMadagascar).
I-Moa Joint Venture yi-nickel kunye ne-cobalt esebenza ngokubandakanya iinkampani ezintathu: Inkampani yeCobalt Refinery Inkampani (CRC), i-International Cobalt Inkampani Inc. (ICCI) noMo Nickel SA.
Izinto eziphathekayo zichithwe ngamacandelo eSherritt kunye ne-General Nickel Inkampani yaseMzantsi Afrika kwimijelo evulekile yomgodi we-nickel yaseCuba. Ukugxininiswa kwe-nickel kunye ne-cobalt zithunyelwa kwisixhobo saseSherritt saseSaskatchewan sokucocwa.
08 Ambatovy (Madagascar) - 2,915MT
Imayini ye-US $ 7 yezigidigidi zeemayini kunye ne-refatoery ifake iMadagascar kwibalazwe ye-metal. Imveliso yorhwebo yaqala ngo-2014, kodwa i-Ambatovy isasasazela ukuveliswa kwee-60,000 toni ze-nickel ecocekileyo kunye neetoni ezingama-5 600 ze-cobalt ecocekileyo.
U-Ambatovy ubambiswano lweenkampani ezine - iSherritt International Corporation (40%) kunye ne-SNC-Lavalin Incorporated (5%) esuka eCanada, iStitomo Corporation (27.5%) evela eJapan, kunye neKorea Resources Corporation (27.5%) esuka eKorea.
09 I-Queensland Nickel PL (Australia) - 2,519MT
I-Nickel yaseQueensland isebenza i-Palmer Nickel kunye neCobalt Refinery (eyaziwa nangokuthi yiYabulu), esekelwe malunga ne-25km (16 mi) ngasentla kweDolophu yase-Townsville, e-Queensland.
Ukusebenza ukususela ngowe-1974, ukucocwa kwaye kwaxhomekeka kwi-ore evela eNew Caledonia, e-Indonesia nase-Philippines ukususela ngo-1986.
I-Ore ithathwa ngeTort of Townsville ukuya kuhlaziywa ngumzila wesitimela apho i-cobalt ihlanjululwa kwaye ithengiswa njenge-feedstock ehlambulukileyo kubakhiqizi beekhemikhali ze-cobalt.
I-Norilsk Nickel (iRashiya) - i-2,186MT
I-Norilsk Nickel ngumvelisi omkhulu wehlabathi we-nickel kunye ne-palladium kunye nomnye wabavelisi abakhulu be-cobalt, iplatinum kunye nobhedu.
Imithombo ye-cobalt enkulu yenkampani yinkampani yaseKola iMining and Metallurgical, iCandelo lePolar kunye neNorlsk Nickel Harjavalta (eFinland).
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