Indlela yeCanada yeCANDU yaseKhanada yokuSebenza kwamanzi eNyukliya
I-CANDU yenziwe ngonyama layo ngenxa yokuba le mveliso yamanzi yenzelwe iCanada - ibonisa iCANDADA Deuterium Uranium. I-Deuterium iyona nto ebalulekileyo emanzini anzima, kwaye i-uranium yile mafutha asetyenziswe kule klasi yee-reactor.
I-CANDU Amanzi Amandla eNyukliya eMhlabeni wonke
Zonke ii-reactor 20 zaseKhanada zeCanada ziyi-CANDU. Ezinye iintlanga kunye nama-reactors eCANDU ziquka iArgentina, iChina, iNdiya, iSouth Korea, iPakistan kunye neRomania.
I-India nayo ine-16 "i-CANDU derivatives", okanye i-reactor esebenzayo yamanzi. Ama-reactors ama-CANDU kunye nezixhobo ze-CANDU ziquka ama-11 engama-reactors emhlabeni wonke.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba izityalo zombane zisebenzisa i-CANDU isakhiwo esenza ama-megawatts angaba ngama-23,000, malunga neepesenti ezingama-21 zombane eziveliswa yimandla enyukliya. I-megawatt ibanzi ngokwaneleyo ukunika amandla amakhulu amakhaya angama-750.
Indlela i-CANDU abaphendula ngayo eyahlukileyo eyahlukeneyo ukusuka kwiiReactors zamanzi eziKhanya
Amagumbi enyukliya wamanzi amakhulu kunye namanzi amachiza enyukliya amanzi ahlukeneyo ngendlela adala ngayo kunye nokulawula i-physics eyinkimbinkimbi ye-fission yenyukliya okanye ukwahlukana kwe-atom okuvelisa amandla kunye nokufudumala ukudala umqhubi ukuqhuba ii-generators. Izixhobo zamachiza enyukliya ezisetyenziswayo e-US zizo zonke izicwangciso zamanzi. Ulwahlulo oluninzi lwahlukileyo lukwahlula phakathi kwamagumbi okujika kwamanzi kunye ne-CANDU yamanzi eyiyoyilwayo, equka izixhobo ezilandelayo zokuyila.
Ingundoqo: I-reactor ye-CANDU igcinwe kwi-tank engqambileyo, eline-cylindrical ebizwa nge-calandria. Iitroli ze-Fuel zihamba ukusuka ekupheleni kwe calandria ukuya kwelinye. Ijeyali ngalinye ngaphakathi kwe calandria inezibini ezimbini eziphambili. I-tube yangaphandle yikhubhu ye calandria kwaye yangaphakathi ityhubhu yexinzelelo. I-tube yangaphakathi ibamba i-fuel kunye neyokucima kwamanzi amaninzi.
Olu qulunqo luvumela i-refueling ngexesha lokusebenza.
Ngokwahlukileyo, umnqweno we-reactor water light is vertical kwaye uqulethe iindibano zamatye ezizenzekelayo ezithwala izibhakabhaka zetsimbi ezizaliswe ngamafutha. I-core reactor igcinwe kwisitya sokukhupha.
I-Fuel: Ngokungafani nezinye iirakrikhi zenyukliya ezenzelwe ukusebenzisa i- uranium yamanzi kunye namanzi alula njengomodareyitha, i-CANDU yamanzi asetyenziswayo ayisebenzisekanga, i-uranium oxide yendalo njengamanzi kunye namanzi amaninzi njengomodareyitha.
Umodareyitha: I-modareyitha yinto ebonakalayo kwinqanaba le-reactor elinciphisa i-neutrons ekhutshwe kwi-fission ukuze ibangele i-fission kwaye igcine indlela yokuphendula ngayo. Umodareyitha kumagcini amanzi aqhelekileyo ngamanzi aqhelekileyo, kodwa i-reactor yamanzi eninzi i-CANDU isebenzisa amanzi amaninzi okanye i-deuterium oxide, ene-chemical formula ye-D20.
Ngokungafani namanzi aqhelekileyo kunye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali aqhelekileyo eH20, amanzi amaninzi afaka ii-atom ezimbini ze-deuterium. Ngokungafani ne-hydrogen engaqhelekanga engenakho i-neutron kunye neprotoni kwifomu yayo eqhelekileyo, i-deuterium ine-neutron kwiziko layo.
Iqhwabhakabhaka: I- Coolant ijikeleza ngundoqo wenyukliya ukwenzela ukuba idlulisele ubushushu kude nayo kwaye inqande ukutshabalalisa okuya kumisa ukuveliswa kwamandla. Umodareyitha wamanzi usebenza njengendawo yokupholisa okuphambili kwizigulana zamanzi.
I-reactor yeCANDU isebenzisa ukukhanya okulula okanye kwamanzi amaninzi.
Indlela i-CANDU Reactor isebenza ngayo ukwenza uMbane
Ukupholisa amanzi amaninzi kuqhutyelwa kwiibhawuni zengqungquthela yomgcini we-reactor kwisithuba esivaliweyo. Iibhulo ziqulethe iifutha zamatye ukuthabhisa ukushisa okuvela kwi-fission yenyukliya eyenziwa kwindawo. I-loop epholileyo yamanzi igqithisa i-generator generators apho ukufudumala kwamanzi amaninzi kubilisa amanzi aqhelekileyo kwi-steam high-pressure. Amanzi amaninzi, ngoku epholile, ajikelezwa kwi-reactor njengoko umjikelezo wokuzipholisa uvalekile uqhubeka.
I-steam ephezulu yokunyuka kwi-generator ye-steam iyimpayipi ngaphandle kwe-reactor yokwakha isakhiwo kwiimvumi eziqhelekileyo. Ezi zixhobo zomoya ziqhuba ii-generator ukuvelisa umbane oya kusasazwa kwigridi. I-reactor enyukliya ihluke kwizixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane.
I-steam ephuma kwi-turbine iphinda iphindwe kwakhona emanzini kwaye igxothwe kumjelo we-steam.