Akunjalo njengenhlekelele njengoko iVakalayo
Ukusebenzisa igama elithi "ukugxeka" lingabonakala li-counter-intuitive njengendlela yokuchaza ngokuqhelekileyo. Kwimihla ngemihla, igama lidla ngokuchaza iimeko ezinokubangelwa inhlekelele. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yamandla enyukliya, "ukugxeka" kubonisa ukuba i-reactor isebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ulungelo lukarhulumente olinganayo
Izixhobo zenyukliya zisebenzisa i- uranium fuel rod-long, slender, zi- tubroni ze-zirconium zinezinto eziphathekayo eziphathekayo-ukudala amandla ngokusebenzisa i-fission. Ukwaphulwa yinkqubo yokwahlula iisuclei ze-i-urane ze-uranium ukukhulula i-neutron ekwahlukana ngakumbi i-atom, ikhulula i-neutron engaphezulu. Ukuchaneka kuthetha ukuba i-reactor ilawula ukuphendulela kwe-fission chain, apho i-fission yesehlakalo ikhupha inani elaneleyo le-neutron ukugcina ucwangciso oluqhubekayo lweempendulo.
Kwimeko elungeleleneyo yokugxeka, iindonga zamanzi ngaphakathi kwi-reactor enyukliya zivelisa kwaye zilahlekelwa ngumbolo oqhubekayo we-neutron, kwaye inkqubo ye-nyukliya yomelele.
UFission uvelisa amandla amaninzi ngendlela yokushisa kakhulu kunye nemitha. Yingakho ama-reactors agcinwe kwizakhiwo eziqingqiweyo phantsi komnxeba we-khonkrithi ene-metal-reinforced. Izitshixo zamandla zisebenzela lo mbane kunye nokushisa ukuvelisa umqhubi ukuqhuba ii-generator ezivelisa umbane.
Ukulawula ukuCaluleka
Xa i-reactor iqalisa, inani le- neutron linyuka kancane ngendlela elawulwayo. Izitshixo zokulawula i-neutron ezikwinqanaba le-reactor zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuveliswa kwe-neutron. Iindonga zolawulo zenziwe kwizinto ezixhamla nge-neutron ezifana ne-cadmium, boron, okanye i-hafnium.
Ukugqithisa ukuba iintonga ziyancitshiswa kwi-core core, i-neutron ingakumbi i-rod i-absorption kunye ne-fission ephantsi. Iingcali ziyakhupha okanye zinciphise iintambo zokulawula kwi-core core reactor kuxhomekeke ekubeni ingaba fission okanye ngaphantsi, ukuveliswa kwe-neutron kunye namandla okufunwa.
Ukuba kufuneka kubekho ukungasebenzi, ochwepheshe bangakwazi ukugqithisa ngokukhawuleza izindonga zokulawula kwi-core core reactor ukukhawuleza ukuthoba i-neutron kwaye bavale ukuphendula kweekliya .
Yintoni ekholisayo?
Ekuqaleni, i-reactor yenyukliya ifakwa ngokufutshane kwilizwe elivelisa i-neutron engaphezulu kunezinto ezilahlekileyo. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-"supercritical", evumela ukuba abantu be-neutron banyuswe kwaye banamandla amaninzi okuveliswa. Xa kufikelelwe umbane wamandla ofunwayo, ulungiso lwenziwe ukubeka i-reactor kwiimeko ezibalulekileyo ezixhasa ukulinganisela kwe-neutron kunye nemveliso yamandla. Ngezinye izihlandlo, ezifana nokugcinwa kwesondlo okanye i-refueling, ama-reactors afakwa kwi-"subcritical" karhulumente ukwenzela ukuba i-neutron kunye nokuveliswa kombane kwehla.
Kude kwimeko echaphazelekayo ephakanyiswe ligama layo, ukugxeka kuyimeko enqwenelekayo kunye neyoyimfuneko yesityalo samandla enyukliya ukuvelisa umbane ongenamandla kwaye ongenamandla.