Ingozi efihliweyo yeMakethe yeMali ekhuselekileyo
Iimali zeMali zeMarike zeMali zisebenza njani?
Le mali ikhulile kwiminyaka yee-1970 kwaye ikhule ibe malunga nama-3 trillion kwiimpahla ezipheleleyo.
Iimpahla ezininzi zemarike zemali zidinga ukutshala imali engama-$ 100,000 kuba zijoliswe kumashishini amakhulu, iibhanki kunye noorhulumente. Imali yemarike yemali ingathengisa ezo mali-mali, kwaye zithengise izabelo kuluntu.
Iimali ezinkulu zeemarike zemali ziyimali eziphambili zeziko. Benza i-2.6 trillion yezigidi zeempahla ezipheleleyo. Yilapho iinkampani ezinkulu zipaka imali yazo.
Yintoni abayisebenzisayo?
Iimarike zemali zityalwe kwiintlobo ezintathu zokugcina izingozi eziphantsi. Iyokuqala iindleko zeeNondyebo ze-US , ezixhaswa nguRhulumente wephondo.
Okwesibini iziqinisekiso zokupaka . Ezi mboleko zenziwe kwibhanki kwithuba elifutshane. Zikhuselekile kakhulu, kwaye zibuyiselwa umyinge onomdla wokubambisa ubomi.
Iyesithathu liphepha lezorhwebo leenkampani ezinokuthenjwa. Leyo ityala lexeshana elide apho iinkampani ezinkulu zinokukhupha esikhundleni sokuya kwibhanki ngemboleko. Iinkampani ezithathwa kakuhle kuphela ziyakwenza oko, kuba ityala alikho ngaphezu kwesithembiso esivela kwinkampani esiya kuhlawulwa.
Akukho zixhobo ezixhasa umboleko. Nangona kunjalo, inkampani isoloko ine-invoyisi ezaneleyo ezaneleyo, ezaziwa njengeemali ezifunyenweyo, ukuxhasa inkxaso mboleko. Ifuna kuphela imali ngoku ukuhlawula imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ukuza kuhlawulwa iintlawulo zexesha elizayo. Inkampani ithembisa ukuba iya kuhlawula ityala ngaphakathi konyaka, ukuba kungekudala.
Inzuzo
Iimali zeemarike zemali zihlala zikhuselekileyo. Bavumela ukufikelela okulula kwimali ebekelwe imali, kwaye ayifuni ubuncinci. Iirhafu zabo zingaphantsi kwee-CD ezihlawulisa izigwebo xa imali ihoxiswa ngaphambi kokuba ifike.
Iingxaki
Xa inani lentengo liphantsi, linokuhlawula ngaphantsi kwezinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Xa kwenzeka loo nto, abaxhasi-mali batshabalalisa amandla abo okuthenga. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abanako ukufumana umngcipheko ofunekayo wokuhlala phambili kwexabiso lentengo, njengama-stocks, izibophelelo zenkampani okanye i-hi-yield funds.
Ngokungafani ne-akhawunti yebhanki yemarike yemali, abaqinisekisiwe yi- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation .
Zihluke njani kwezinye iimali zeMali?
Ngokungafani neemali ezixhaswayo ezityalwe kwiimpahla , iimali zeemarike zemali zizama ukugcina ixabiso lexabiso lempahla yexabiso (NAV) yesabelo ngasinye kwi-dollar. Bavunyelwe ukwenza oko kuba batyala imali ekhuselekileyo, ityala elifutshane. Oku kuvumela ukuba abatyali-zimali babo baphephe ukuguqula ixabiso kwiincwadi nganye imihla. Bakhokhela umdla kunoko. Ngoko ke, ixabiso lemali yemarike yemali lixhomekeke kwisivuno okanye kwizinga lentengo, okungafaniyo. Inqabile kakhulu ukuba i-NAV iwele phantsi kwe-dollar, ebizwa ngokuthi iphula i-buck, kodwa inokwenzeka xa utyalo-mali lwenza kakubi.
Xa iiMali zeMakethi zeMali ziphantse zahluleka
NgoSeptemba 16, 2008, i-$ 62 yezigidigidi ze-Reserve Primary Fund yaqhekeza ibhokhwe. Kwakuyinkokhelo yesizwe semali enkulu kunazo zonke. Imarike yemali ityala imali eLehman Brothers ixeshana elifutshane. Xa loo bhanki yotyalo-mali ithatyathwa, i-NAV ye-Reserve yahlahlela ngamasenti angama-97.
Indawo yasePrayimari yayiyimali yokuqala yeemali kwiminyaka eyi-14 ukuphula i-buck. Oku kwenza abatyala-mali abatyhafayo bahoxise i-$ 139 billion kwiimarike zemarike zemali kwiintsuku ezimbini ezizayo, ngokweMoneyNet.
Ngenxa yoko, ngoSeptemba 19, 2008, iSebe leNondyebo lingenele ekuqinisekiseni imali yeemarike zemali. Oku kuqhutywa ngemali yemarike yemali eyenziwa nguNobhala weNondyebo uHenry Paulson uyaqonda ukuba iimarike zeebredari zavalwa, kwaye kufuneka ukuba angenise i - Congress ye-$ 700 billion ye-billing bill . Ngo-Oktobha 21, i- Federal Reserve yavuma ukuthenga iimpahla kwiimarike zemarike zemali ezazifuna imali ukuhlawulela ukuhlengwa.
(Umthombo: "Iimali zeeMali zeMarike," iKomishoni yezoThutho kunye noTshintshiso.)