Yayinjani iBill Billing Bill?

Iindleko, impembelelo, indlela eya kudlula ngayo

I-Senate yadlulisela i-bill ye-bhilingi ye-bhiliyoni ye-bhiliyoni ye-bhiliyoni ngo-Oktobha 3, 2008. I-bill of bill inokufana nephepha elithathu lamaphepha angeniswe ngoSeptemba 21, 2008 nguNobhala we-Nondyebo uHenry Paulson .

UPaulson ubucele iCongress ukuba ivume imali yokubambisa i-$ 700 yezigidigidi zokuthenga imali yokubambisa i-mortgage-backed securities eyayisengozini yokulahleka. Ngokwenza njalo, uPaulson wayefuna ukuthatha la matyala kwiincwadi zeebhanki, i- hedge funds kunye nemali yepensheni ebanjwe.

Injongo yayiyikuvuselela ukuzithemba ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yebhanki yehlabathi jikelele, eyayisigweme kakhulu ukuwa.

Umthetho osayilwayo uqalise iNkqubo yoNcedo lweeAskids . Iibhanki ezixinzelelekileyo zinelungelo lokungenisa intengiso yexabiso lokuthengisa impahla yazo kwi-TARP njengenxalenye yentengiso elandelwayo. Intengiso nganye bekufuneka ibe yiklasi ye-asethi ethile. Abalawuli be-TARP bakhetha ixabiso eliphantsi kwiqela ngalinye le-asethi. Oku kwakukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente akazange ahlawule kakhulu kwiimpahla ezixinzelelekileyo. Kodwa oku akuzange kwenzeke oko kwenzeka. Kwathatha ixesha elide ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yentengiso. Ngako oko, uNondyebo watyala imali eyi-115 yezigidigidi kwiibhanki ngokuthenga i- stock ekhethiweyo .

IYilwayo yeNgxowa-mali yokuxhaswa ibancedise ngaphezu kwamaBhanki nje

Inkomfa iqhotyoshelweyo nezinye izinto ezingaphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, ibhilikhwe yayiquka uncedo kubanini bezindlu abajongene nokuchithwa . Kwakudinga ukuba iSebe lezeNondyebo liqinisekise ukubolekisa ngemali mboleko kunye nokuncedisa abanini bezindlu ngokulungiswa kwemigangatho yokubolekwa kwempahla ngokuTHELELA MANJE.

Ukunyuka kweeNkampani ze-Arhente ye-Intshurensi ye-Deposit ye-Deposit deposit kwi-akhawunti engama-250,000. Ivumela i-FDIC ukuba ifake iimali zenkxaso-mali njengoko zifunekayo ngo-2009.

Umthetho-mali uvumelekile ukuba i- Securities and Exchange Exchange ifake umgaqo wokumakisha kumakethi .

Lo mthetho unyanzelekile amabhanki ukuba agcine iimali-mboleko zazo ezixabisekileyo kumanqanaba omhla. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimali-mboleko ezimbi zafuneka zixabiswe ngaphantsi kobuninzi babo obufanelekileyo. Ezi mboleko zazingenakuphinda zithengiswe kwimozulu ephazamisekayo yonyaka ka-2008.

Umthetho-mali uqulethe i-$ 150 yezigidigidi ezikhethiweyo zerhafu ukuba ziqeshwe ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Ezi zibandakanya ukwandiswa kweNkcitho encinci yeNkcitho encinci "i-patch," iirhafu zokufumana uphando nophuhliso kunye nokuncediswa kweentsholongwane. Ivoti ye-senate yanikela isicwangciso sokubambisa isicwangciso sokuphila esitsha kunye nalezikhefu zerhafu.

Yayinikwa njani iBill Bill

UNobhala uPaulson ungenise ibhilikhi yebhanki kwiNdlu yabameli ngomhla weSeptemba 21, 2008. Kodwa abaninzi kwiCongress babecinga ukuba baxinzelela abakhokhi berhafu ukuba bavuza izigqibo ezibi zebhanki . INdlu ivotelwe kuyo ngomhla weSeptemba 29, 2008. I-Dow yawa ngamanqaku angama-770 kunye neemarike zehlabathi.

I-Senate iphinda ifake isiphakamiso ngokuyifaka kwisibhengezo esele siqwalaselwe. Eli phesheya linyuka iNdlu yabaBameli , ekufuneka ivelise nayiphina imali. INtendlu yagqitywa loo nto ngo-Oktobha 3, 2008. UMongameli uBush wasayina uMthetho woQoqosho loQinisekiso loQoqosho ngo-2008 ukuya kumthetho kwiiyure ezide.

I-EESA igcine imiqathango emithandathu eyongezwe yiNdlu:

1. Ikomiti yolawulo lokuqwalasela ukuthengwa kwe-Nondyebo kunye nokuthengiswa kwemali-mboleko. Ikomiti yayiqukelelwe nguSihlalo weSihlalo we- Federal Reserve uBen Bernanke , kunye neenkokheli ze- SEC , i-Federal Home Finance Agency kunye ne-HUD.
2. Iimfakelo zokuhlawula, ngokuqala nge-$ 250 yezigidigidi.
3. Ikhono leNondyebo ukuxubusha inxaxheba kwintengiso karhulumente kwiinkampani ezifumene uncedo lokuxhamla.
4. Imida kwimbuyekezo yokulawula yamashishini ahlanguliwe. Ngokukodwa, iinkampani azikwazanga ukurhoxisa indleko yembuyekezo ephezulu ngaphezu kwee-500,000 zamaRandi.
5. I-inshurensi exhaswe nguRhulumente yeefa kwiifom ezikhathazekile.
6. Imfuneko yokuba umongameli atyathele umthetho ukuba ahlawule ilahleko kwi-shishini lezemali ukuba kukho na ikhona emva kweminyaka emihlanu. (Imithombo: "Isishwankathelo seBhiliyithi yokuSebenza," iKomiti yeBhanki yeSenethi. "UMthetho oyi-Bill Deliver," CNNMoney, Septemba 28, 2008.)

Kutheni kubalulekile ukuba iBill Bill yokuBaluleka ifunekayo

Abatyalomali kunye namashishini abangela ukukhutshwa kwemali xa bekhipha irekhodi eyi-$ 140 yezigidi kwiimali zeemarike zemali Baye bahambisa imali kwiimali zeeNondyebo , bangela ukuba isivuno siphume kwi-zero. Iimali zeemarike zeemali ziye zacatshangelwa njengenye yezotyalo-mali ezikhuselekileyo.

Ukuqhayisa ukwesaba, iSebe leNondyebo le-US livunyelwene ukuqinisekisa imali yemarike yemali yonyaka. I-SEC inqatshelwe iifotshane zemali ezithengisa imfutshane ukususela ngo-Oktobha 2 ukunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwintengiso yemasheya. NgoSeptemba 2008, i- Reserve Primary Primary Fund yaqhekeza ibhakethi kwaye yabangela ukuthengisa imarike .

Urhulumente wase-United States uthenge le mivuzo embi ngenxa yokuba amabhanki ayesaba ukuboleka omnye nomnye. Olu loyiko lubangela ukuba ama- LIBOR amazinga aphezulu kakhulu kunani lokuxhaswa kwemali . Kwakhona kwathumela amaxabiso amasheya. Iifom zezezimali azikwazanga ukuthengisa amatyala abo. Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuphakamisa inkunzi , ezi fisi zazisengozini yokungena. Yiyo eyenzekayo kuLehman Brothers. Kwakuya kwenzeka kwi- AIG nase- Bear Stearns ngaphandle kokungenelela kombutho.

Inkomfa ixubushe ngenzuzo kunye neengxaki zokungenelela okukhulu. Iinkokeli zezopolitiko zafuna ukukhusela umhlawuli werhafu. Kwakhona abazange bafune ukuvumela amashishini ukuba aphephe ikhonkco lokwenza izigqibo ezimbi. Ininzi kwiNgqungquthela yabona isidingo sokuthatha ngokukhawuleza ukuphepha ukutshatyalaliswa kwemali. Iibhanki zinoyika ukutyhila amatyala abo , kwaba yimeko yokwesaba ukutya. Oku bekuya kubakhokelela ekudakaleni kwinqanaba labo, ngoko kuhla kwexabiso lempahla yabo. Bengeke bakwazi ukuphakamisa inkunzi. Bebeya kuphawulwa. Amahlebezi kunye nezobangela ukwethuka kwavalela iimarike zemboleko.

Umhlawuli-ntlawulo akazange akhiphe yonke i-$ 700 billion. Okokuqala, iCongress kuphela igunyazisile i-$ 350 yezigidigidi eza kuhlawulwa ngo-2008. Esinye isiqingatha sagcinwa kumongameli omtsha xa athe wangena kwi-ofisi ngo-2009. U-Obama akazange asebenzise i-TARP ngemali yeebhanki. Kunoko, waqalisa i-$ 787 yezigidigidi ze- Economic Stimulus Package .

Okwesibini, urhulumente uthenge amasheya asebhanki xa amaxabiso ayexinezelekile. Yathengisa kamva, xa amaxabiso aphezulu. Ngo-2012, iibhanki zazibuyisela imali ezingama-292 yezigidi ze-TARP. Okushiye i-$ 120 yezigidigidi kuphela. Le mali yayisetyenziselwa inkqubo ye- HARP ukunceda abanikazi bezindlu abajongene nokuchithwa.

Okwesithathu, ibhilikhwe ifuna umongameli ukuba aphuhlise isicwangciso sokubuyisela ilahleko kwiinkampani zemali ukuba kufuneka.

Ezi nqaku zichaza iziganeko ezibangele inkathazo: Ixesha loMngcipheko wezeMali , Ingaba iNgxaki yokuLawulwa kweMali kunye nokuPhelelwa kweMali ingabanjelwa? , kwaye yiyiphi iCrisis Financial Financial crisis ka-2008?

Ezinye iindlela

Xa ibhali-mali yaqaliswa, abaninzi bamalungu omthetho bafuna ukugcina umhlawuli-ntlawulo wama-dollar ayi-700. Nantsi ingxoxo yabaninzi babo kunye neempembelelo zabo ezinokwenzeka.

Thenga iimali-mboleko - U-candidate wama-Republican wama-Republican uJohn McCain ucebise ukuba urhulumente athenge i-$ 300 yezigidigidi kwii-mortgages ezivela kubanini bezindlu abasengozini yokucima. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kunciphise inani leemali ezinobuthi kwiibhanki zeebhanki. Kwakunokuba luncede ukuyeka ukuhla kwexabiso lokuhlalisa izindlu ngokunciphisa ukuvalwa. Kodwa ayizange ijongane neengxaki zemboleko. Inkxalabo ibangelwa yibhanki yokwesaba ukuboleka omnye nomnye kwaye ngoko ke ukubeka imali.

Nciphisa iirhafu kwiibhanki - Ekuchaseni ukuxhaswa kwemali, iKomidi yoPhando lweRiphablikhi icebise ukurhoxisa irhafu yentlawulo yemali iminyaka emibili. Oku bekuya kwenza iibhanki zithengise impahla ngaphandle kokuhlawulwa irhafu. Kodwa bekuyilahleko kwimpahla eyayiyinkxalabo, kungekhona inzuzo. I-RSC ifuna ukutshintshwa kweFannie Mae kunye noFreddie Mac kwiinkampani zangasese. Kwakhona bacebisa ukuzinzisa idoli. Akukho nanye kulabo abajongene neengxaki zemboleko.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiphakamiso se-RSC sokumisa amanqaku ekumakethi-kumakethi kuya kunciphisa ukubhalwa kwebhanki kweempahla ngokukhawuleza. Ibhodi leMigangatho yeeMali ze-Akhawunti ye-US yanciphisa umgaqo ngo-2009.

Ungenzi nto - abaninzi banokuphakamisa ukuvumela ukuba iimarike ziqhube ikhosi yazo. Kwimeko enjalo, amashishini azungeze ihlabathi angase avaliwe ngenxa yokungabi nakwi-credit. Oko bekuya kudala uxinzelelo lwehlabathi. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi emininzi kwakungakhokelela ekuqhubheni.