Uphi na Usuku loqoqosho lwe-US olusondeleyo lwaqhekeka?
Abatyalomali babethabatha imali ngokukhawuleza. Bakhathazekile ukuba iNgxowankulu iya kuhlawulwa ngenxa yokutyalomali kwayo kuLehman Brothers. Le bhanki isetyenzisile inxalenye enkulu yokubamba kwabo kwiimali zokubambisa imali kunye nezinye iziphumo.
Ezi mali-mali zilahlekelwa yixabiso kuba izindlu zezindlu zaqala ukuwa ngo-2006. Oku kuthetha ukuba abanini-mboleko babengenakuthengisa amakhaya abo oko bahlawulela. Iibhanki zazingena. Ngenxa yoko, uLehman wachaza i-bankruptcy. Ukwesaba kwakwenza umkhosi ongenakwenzeka ngaphambili kwiimarike zemali ekhuselekileyo.
Kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva, i-United States yafika kufuphi nokuwa kwezoqoqosho . Ngomhla ka-Septemba 17, 2008, abatyali-mali bahoxisa irekhodi ye-$ 144.5 billion kwi-akhawunti yemarike yemali. Babesoloko behlala bekhuselekileyo kutyalo-mali. Yilapho iinkampani, inkxaso-mali yobutyebi kunye nabathathe umhlala-phantsi begcina imali yabo. Ngexesha leveki eliqhelekileyo, kuphela i-$ 7 yezigidigidi.
Abanini-zimali abanenkxalabo babehambisa imali kwi- US Treasurys . Ukunyanzeliswa kukuvelisa ukuhla kwezantsi. Ngamanye amazwi, abatyali-mali batyhakile kangangokuthi ababesayikhathalele ukuba ngaba nawuphi na ubuya kwi-investment. Abazange bafune ukulahlekelwa yimali.
Iimali zemarike zemali nazo apho amabhizinisi agcina imali yabo ngobusuku bonke. Ziyisebenzisela imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Ukuba loo mali yayimile, iitrhefti zakho zokugcina izitolo ziza kuhamba zingenanto kwiiveki.
Nantsi indlela i-Wall Street Journal ichaza ngayo loo mini:
U- Huddled kwi-ofisi yakhe ngoLwesithathu kunye nabacebisi abakhulu, uNobhala wezezimali uHenry Paulson ubukele i-alarm terminal-data terminal yakhe nge-alarm. kwiimali-mboleko zexesha elifutshane ukuba iibhanki zithembele ekuxhaseni imali yabo yemihla ngemihla ngaphandle kweendlela ezinjalo, uqoqosho luya kuma.
Iibhanki zazikwahlawula imali. Babenomdla kakhulu wokuboleka omnye nomnye ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthatha ityala elibi njengento yokubambisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amaziko emali anokufumana i-$ 2 billion ngezihlandlo. NgoLwesine, bafumene i-$ 190 billion engekaze ibe yimeko xa kukhululwa. IMelika yayisebubini bebonke bebhanki. Ngokungafani nokuCaluleka OkuKhulu , kwakungekhona ngokukhathazeka. Ngeli xesha, kwaba ngabatyala-mali.
"Ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kweemali, i-$ 1.7 trillion ye-market-paper market, eyimali yokubolekisa iingalo okanye iibhanki zamakhadi ezikwereti, zijongene neendleko eziphezulu. Ngaphandle kwephepha lokuthengisa, amafemu kufuneka aphelise, abantu baya kulahlekelwa yimisebenzi yabo, kwaye kuya kuba nefuthe kuqoqosho lwangempela, "kusho uPaul Schott Stevens, umongameli we-Investment Company Institute.
UNobhala uPaulson wanikela noSihlalo we-Federal Reserve uBen Bernanke . Wavuma ukuba ingxaki yayingekho ngaphaya komgaqo-nkqubo wezemali . Urhulumente wezepolisi yiyona nto yodwa inkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ithathe isenzo esisebenzayo. Aba babini banquma ukucela iCongress ukuba ifanele i-$ 700 yezigidigidi ukukhwela ibhanki engozini yokutshatyalaliswa kwebhanki. Kutheni ixabiso elinjalo? Kwakumelwe ukwanele ukuyeka ukuphazamiseka nokubuyisela ukuzithemba.
Yileyo ndlela indlela yokuthengisa imarike eyenza ngayo ibangela ibhanki yokubhankanya ibhanki . Inkomfa yathintela ekuvunyeleni ibheyili ngaphandle kweebhanki zotyalo-mali ezithenge iziqinisekiso zokubambisa i-mortgage-backed securities . Abanye babengazange bakholelwe ukuba amaziko emali ayesengozini yokusilela. Abanye bafuna ukuvumela imarike yamahhala ithathe ikhosi. Kanti abanye babenenkxalabo malunga nokuchitha iirhafu zeerhafu ukuba benze iibhanki ezigwetywayo.
Imarike yemali ibonisa indlela ekufutshane ngayo uqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe lwaluyinto ephazamisayo. ICongress yabuza uPaulson oko kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ukugqithiswa kwemali kungagunyaziwe. Waphendula wathi, "Izulu lisinceda sonke." (Umthombo: "Amandla amaKhosi kaPaulson," iWall Street Journal, Septemba 20, 2008.)