Funda indlela Ama-Akhawunti yomhlala-phantsi ngamnye (IRAs) Umsebenzi

Xa uyeka ukusebenza, kuya kufuneka uhlawule ukutya, izindlu kunye nezinye iindleko, kodwa ivela phi imali xa ungasasebenzi? Kukho imithombo emininzi yokufumana umhlala-phantsi, kunye neentlawulo zeNtlalo kunye nenzuzo yempesheni evela kumqeshi wangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ungasindisa imali ngokwakho usebenzisa i-akhawunti yakho okanye icebo elixhaswe ngumqashi elifana ne-401 (k) okanye 403 (b).

Yintoni i-IRA?

I-akhawunti yomhlala phantsi yomntu ngamnye (i-IRA) yi-akhawunti eneempawu zerhafu ezibanceda abantu bazigcinele iindleko zomhlala-phantsi. Eyaziwa nangokuthi ilungiselelo lomhlalaphantsi ngamnye, ezi ngxelo zingabamba ukugcinwa komhlala phantsi kwimithombo emininzi, kubandakanywa neminikelo eyenziwa ngumntu kwi-akhawunti kunye nokulondolozwa okuvela kwiplanti yomhlala phantsi exhaswe ngumqeshi.

Iindidi ze-IRAs

IRA ngumhlobo weakhawunti engabonakala ngathi nayiphi na i-akhawunti. Kodwa iimpawu zerhafu zenza iiferensi zomhlala phantsi zihluke kwezinye iindidi zee-akhawunti. Abenzi bomthetho baye bazakhela ezi ngxelo ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa komhlala phantsi, ngoko kukho iingeniso zokusebenzisa i-akhawunti-kwaye kukho imiqobo yokukhubaza ukuhoxiswa kwangaphambili.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-IRAs, kunye neerhafu ziphathwa ngokwahlukileyo nganye. Ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe uhlobo luni lwe-IRA ukusebenzisa okanye ukwenza igalelo, xubusha iinjongo zakho kunye neemeko zakho kunye neengcali zerhafu.

1. Ii-IRA zenkcubeko zibonelela ngokukhula kweerhafu: Imali engenayo kwaye kwi-akhawunti ayihlawulwanga minyaka yonke njengoko iya kuba kwi-akhawunti yasebhanki ephantsi. Kunoko, unako ukubuyisela nayiphi na imali yokufumana imali kwaye usebenzise inxaxheba kwi-akhawunti . Unokufumana iintlawulo zerhafu ngendlela yokwehliswa kwemali oyifake isandla kwi-IRA yendabuko, ekuvumela ukuba ungeze imali "engaphambili" yentlawulo kwi-akhawunti. Nangona kunjalo, ungeke uvumeleke ukuxothwa kuxhomekeke kwingeniso yakho okanye inzuzo oyifumanayo emsebenzini wakho, ngoko unokufuna ukuba wenze intlawulo emva kwentela. Xa uthabatha imali kwi-akhawunti (ukuba uchithe umhlala phantsi, umzekelo), nayiphina imali engazange ihlawulwe-nayiphi na iminikelo yentlawulo yangaphambili kunye nemvuzo-ithathwa njengengeniso kunyaka owathatha ngayo ukusasazwa.

1. I-Roth IRAs inikezela ukukhula kweerhafu. Esikhundleni sokuthatha inqununu kwiminikelo, uya kuba negalelo lentlawulo yerhafu emva kwe-akhawunti. Xa uthatha umrhumo kumhlalaphantsi, ufumana yonke imali engenamali (esicinga ukuba unelisekile zonke iimfuneko ze-IRS). Ngamanye amazwi, ufumana imirhumo yakho yokuqala kunye nayiphi na imali engenayo irhafu. I-Roth IRAs inezithintelo ezongezelelweyo, kubandakanywa ixesha lokulinda leminyaka emihlanu kunye nemingeniso engenakukuthintela ekubeni uncedise. Oku kuthethi, unokubamba i-Roth yakho kwiphina ixesha ngaphandle kweerhafu okanye isohlwayo-kodwa unokuba nemiphumo yerhafu xa ususa umvuzo kwi-akhawunti.
2. Ii-IRAs ze-Rollover ziyimveli ye-IRA ezithola imali kwi-akhawunti yomhlala phantsi. Ngokomzekelo, unokwenza uhlawule umrhumo wangaphambili werhafu (k) kwii-asethi kwi-IRA rollover. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ezo zixhobo zingase zigcinwe zihlukileyo, kodwa ukudibanisa i-asethi njengesiqhelo.
3. Umqeshi uceba njenge-SEP kunye nee-SIMPLE nazo ze-IRA. Zineempawu ezifana ne-IRAs zendabuko, kodwa imithetho iyahluke ngenxa yokuba yenzelwe amashishini amancinci okanye abantu abaqeshwe ngabanye. Umrhumo womrhumo uphakamileyo, kwaye abanye abasebenzi abanako ukufunwa kwi-akhawunti xa besasebenza kumqeshi.

Izibonelelo zerhafu

Ezi ngxelo zinokukunceda ugcine imali eninzi yomhlalaphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, i-IRS ilawula iintlawulo zerhafu ezincinci ukwenzela ukuba i-Treasury yase-US iqhubeke ifumana inkxaso-mali. Eli phepha linikezela uluhlu olusisiseko, kodwa aluluhlu olupheleleyo lwemiqathango. Kukho rhoqo iimeko ezinzima kunye neenkcukacha ezilula ukusilahleka, kwaye izicwangciso ezininzi ezinokuqhelaniswa zingakuvumela ukuba usebenze ngokusemthethweni malunga neminye imithetho. Ukutyelela ngongcali weerhafu ukuze ufumane iingcebiso ngokuzimeleyo malunga nendlela yokulawula ukonga kwakho.

Imida yokunika umrhumo: I-IRS imisela umlinganiselo ophezulu ongayifakela kwi-IRA emiselweyo ngonyaka. Ngo-2017 umda ngu-$ 5,500, kodwa elo nani litshintshana ngezihlandlo kunye nokulungiswa kwexabiso lentengo. Kwabo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, igalelo elongezelelweyo "lokubamba" le $ 1,000 livunyelwe.

Ukuhanjiswa kunye nokudluliselwa kwamanye ama-akhawunti asetshenziselwa umhlala-phantsi ngokuqhelekileyo akubalanga nxamnye nemida, kodwa kukho iingcambu ezinzima kunye nokudluliselwa-ngoko kuthetha nencali ngaphambi kokuba uhambise imali.

Ukuhoxiswa kwangaphambili: IRAs zenzelwe ukuxhasa umhlalaphantsi. Nangona uvumelekile ukuba uthathe umhlalaphantsi kunanoma yiphina iminyaka , i-IRS isebenzisa iminyaka engama-59 ½ yobudala njengokuba uneminyaka apho ungakuphepha khona izigwebo ezithile zerhafu kwiiRAs. Unokuthatha isabelo phambi koko, kodwa unokuhlawula iintlawulo zerhafu (ngaphezu kwerhafu yengeniso) ukuhoxiswa kwangaphambili ngaphandle kokuba uhlangabezane neenkqubo ezithile okanye usebenzisa izicwangciso eziphambili. Esi sigwebo sisoloko si-10 ekhulwini semali oyihoxayo, kodwa ingaba ngama-25 ekhulwini kwi-SIMPLE IRA.

Ii-RMD: Ngenxa yokuba unemali yentlawulo engekahlawulwanga kwi-IRAs yendabuko, ekugqibeleni kufuneka uqale ukuthabatha imali kunye nokuvelisa irhafu yengeniso. Emva kweminyaka engama-70 ½, izigunyaziso ze-IRS Iimfuno ezincinane ezifunekayo (RMDs) kwii-IRAs zendabuko, ezenzelwe ukunciphisa i-akhawunti yakho ngexesha lokuphila kwakho. I-Roth IRAs ayinayo i-RMD ye-contributor yangempela, kodwa iRoth IRAs ezizuze ilifa kufuneka zisebenzise ii-RMD.

Ukuhlawula irhafu okanye ukuhlawula irhafu? Ukukwazi ukunikela igalelo kwi-IRA yendabuko ibe yinto ekhangayo kwiminyaka emashumi. Abasindisi banokunciphisa imali engenayo engenayo, eyenza kube lula ukunikela. Nangona kunjalo, bakhetha ukuhlawula irhafu kamva kunoko namhlanje. Ingaba okanye akunjalo oko kunengqiqo-asingazi ukuba ziphi iirhafu eziza kubonakala ngathi kwixesha elizayo, okanye indlela inkqubo yentlawulo ingatshintsha ngayo iindlela ezingalindelekanga. I-Roth IRAs ivumela abahlanguli ukuba bahlawule irhafu, kodwa kwakhona, kukho iindawo ezingaziwayo (njengezithuthi apho ziya kuhamba khona, ukuba imigaqo ingatshintsha njani, kwaye ngaphezulu). Ukuba unayo ngaphezulu kwiingxelo zendabuko kunokuba ukhetha, unokuguqula impahla kwi-IRA yendabuko ukuya eRoth, kodwa kunokuba nemiphumo yerhafu engalindelekanga ngokwenza njalo.

Utyalo mali kwiIRAs

IRA iphela uhlobo lweakhawunti kunye neempawu zerhafu. Lezo zixhobo azichaphazeli kakhulu ekukhetheni kwakho utyalo-cinga nge-IRA njenge "wrapper" malunga naliphi na enye i-akhawunti oqhelene nayo.

Nangona kukho ezinye iimeko, ungasebenzisa phantse nayiphi na uhlobo lwezithuthi ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi kwe-IRA, kubandakanywa imali kwi-akhawunti yokulondoloza, izatifikethi ze-deposit (iiCD) , utyalo-mali olukhawulezileyo njengemali-mali okanye ii-ETFs, kunye nokunye. Utyalo-mali oluchanekileyo kuwe uya kuxhomekeka kwizinto eziliqela, kuquka iinjongo zakho kunye nokukwazi kwakho ukuthatha ingozi ngokulondolozwa kwakho.

Kuphi ukuvula i-IRA

Unokuvula i-IRA kwiibhanki, iimanyano zeentengo zemali , iifenisi zentengiso, kunye namanye amaziko emali. Buza nawuphi na umboneleli malunga neentlobo zotyalo-mali ezikhoyo, iimali zonyaka zokuhlaselwa kunye nezinye iindleko, kunye nezinye iimpawu ukukhetha apho kufuneka uvula i-IRA yakho.

Ulwazi olubalulekileyo

Imithetho yentela iyanzima, kwaye izinto zitshintshile ekubeni eli nqaku libhalwa ekuqaleni. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ubungqina ngokwakho ngaphambi kokwenza izigqibo malunga nemali yakho. Hlola nge-IRS okanye u tyelele ngomcebisi weerhafu wengcali. Eli nqaku libhalwa ngaphandle kolwazi malunga nemeko okanye iinjongo zakho, ngoko ungazithembi njengengcebiso ngezezimali. Ngethemba ukuba unokutya okucingayo xa u tyelela iCPA yakho okanye uchwepheshe weerhafu.