I-Unit Investment Trust Trust Basics kubaTshali-mali abatsha

Ii-IT ziPhambili zePhothifoliyo zePortfolios zangaphambili

Xa uqale uhambo lwakho lotyalo-mali, unokufumana into eyaziwa njenge-IT, okanye iTrust Investment Trust. Le ngqungquthela iya kukuhamba ngezinye zezinto ezisiseko, ngoko unalo ulwazi olufanelekileyo lwezakhono ze-UIT, ukuba zihlanganiswa njani, kwaye kutheni ziyiyona nto ingundoqo yeefowalifoli zotyalo-mali kwizizukulwana ezininzi.

Iyiphi iNyunithi yokuTyala imali?

Njengengxowa-mali, inkokhelo yentengo yotyalo-mali iyabhaliswa kunye neKhomishini ye-United States Securities and Exchange Exchange phantsi kwe-Investment Company Act ka-1940.

I-UIT ihluke kwi-fund kunye nokuba i-basketball yeempahla ezinobungozi, izibophelelo, iimali-mboleko, ii-REIT , ii- MLP, iifowuni ezikhethiweyo , okanye ezinye iziqinisekiso ezihlanganiswe yibhanki yotyalo - mali , inkampani ye-brokerage , inkampani yokulawula ubutyebi, okanye inkxaso bakhulisa imali kubatyalomali ukuba bakhe iphothifoliyo ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo ezichazwe kumqulu wezomthetho obizwa ngokuba yi-Trust Indenture. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukhetho lwenziwa ngokwaneleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha kuyenziwa ngekhwalithi. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ludibeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-UIT enye ingabandakanya ibhasikidi ye- blue-chip stocks eziye zaphakamisa ukuhlawula i- dividend minyaka yonke iminyaka engama-25 kwaye zinexabiso elithile elincinci lomlinganiselo wemarike . Enye inokuba yenziwe ngamasheya e-biotechnology e-United States. Sekunjalo, enye ingatyala imali kuphela kwiibhanki zenkampani ezikhishwe ngamashishini asebenza kwicandelo okanye imboni ethile .

Umnini we-unit trust trust ufumana iiyunithi kwaye uqokelela umvuzo oveliswe yi-holdings de i-trust ithe yachithwa.

Xa sele yenziwe, iUIT isona "imali efile" kuba akukho ulawulo olusebenzayo oluqhubekayo. Igcina inzuzo kunye neendleko ezincinci kunezinto ezininzi ezilawulwa ngempumelelo.

Omnye ubambane abatshali-mali abatsha xa behlangana neenkokhelo zokutshala imali yunithi zifumanisa ukuba ziphelelwe imihla.

Emva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi, i-trust ithoxa. Umnini unesinye sezigqibo ezintathu:

1. Thatha ukuhanjiswa kwexabiso eliphantsi (elibizwa ngokuba yi-"in-kind" delivery). Oko kukuthi, ufumana isabelo sakho kuzo zonke iisitokisi, iibhonksi, ii-REIT, okanye ezinye izinto eziphathwe kwigunya elidluliselwe kwigama lakho. Kwabaninzi abantu, oku kuya kuthetha ukuba bafake kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage okanye babhaliswe ngokuthe ngqo ukuze baxhamle ii- DRIP .
2. Yenza i-trust ye-trust kwi-trust entsha entsha, efanayo, okanye eyahlukeneyo ye-investment trust eyinikezwa ngumxhasi. Amaninzi amaninzi, abaxhasi baya kunika inkxaso yokukwenza njalo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngendlela yentlawulo ephantsi okanye enye inkonzo yemali.
3. Thatha imali yexabiso lokuhlawulela imali ekupheleni kwetrust xa i-holdings ephantsi idayiswa okanye, xa imeko yamabhondi, ikhula.

Umthetho wangoku uvumela iitrasti zentengiso yotywala ukuba zenziwe ngendlela enye. Iyokuqala iyaziwa ngokuba yi-"truster trust," leyo inika umnikazi weyunithi ubunini obulinganayo kwibhaksi yecandelo lokugcina. Okwesibini "inkampani yokutyalomali elawulwayo," apho unelungelo lokufumana inzuzo, ubambiswano, okanye iqumrhu (kuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo esisemthethweni esisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela umnikelo), okokuba sinalo ibhasikidi yokugcina.

Ukususela kumbono osebenzayo, akukho mfahluko omkhulu kumtyalo-mali, kodwa kubalulekile ukufundela izifayile ezilawulayo ukuba wazi ngokuchanekileyo uhlobo oluthileyo kunye nokuba ukhululekile ngesakhiwo kunye nemingcipheko. Ezinye i-trusts yamashishini ezotyalo-mali zanamhlanje zithengiswa njenge- Exchange Traded Funds okanye ze-ETF .

Ziyakuthandwa Kangakanani?

Ngeendlela ezininzi, ityala lokutshala imali yunithi yayiyinye yeefom zokuqala zeengxowa-mali ngaphandle kokubekwa kwesakhiwo esisemthethweni. Ngokumangalisa njengoko kubonakala ngathi, akuzange kubekho ngaphambili ukuba i-yunithi yokutshala imali ityala imali engaphezulu. Ngokutsho kwinqaku ebizwa ngokuba yi- United Investment Trusts ifana ne-New Fund Vehicle Surface epapashwe kwi -Wall Street Journal , i-unit investment invests funds exchanges 13,310 ukuya ku-5,330 ngoku kutshanje ngo-1994. Njengeminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ngo-2012, i- Investment Company Institute kuxelwe ukuba kukho ama-5 787 amathenda, apho ama-2,426 ayenamathelwano (amasheya), ama-533 ayenamathenda ahlawuliswayo, kwaye i-2,808 yayingeniso -mboleko yokubambisa irhafu .

Ii-IT ziye zafumana ukuhlaziywa kweentlobo phakathi kuka-2008 no-2012 xa ixabiso leempahla limi kwi-71.73 yezigidigidi; inani eliye laphindaphindwa kabini ngeli xesha ngenxa yexabiso lentengo eliya ku-zero kwaye abatyali-mali abaninzi bebeka iliso elilindelekileyo kwisithuthi sotyalo-mali kuba abaninzi abaxhasayo babeka phambili ingeniso engenayo xa behlanganisa umnikelo omtsha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukuvuselelwa kwangoku kwangoko, i-$ 71.73 yezigidigidi kwi-UIT zixhomekeke kwizigidigidi zeedola kwiimali eziqhelekileyo kunye neemali zenkcazo .

Inzuzo

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili ze-UIT zihambelana nendlela yokufumana irhafu yentlawulo ephathwa ngayo. Ngomxhaso wendabuko, kuya kwenzeka ukuba ulahlekelwe yintlawulo-mali xa uhlaselwa irhafu kwintlawulo enkulu yomnye umntu; inzuzo eyinkunzi ongazange uyithande. Ingaba yingxaki yangempela kwizinto ezithile ezijolise kwixabiso-mali, ixesha elide, iimali zokuthenga nezokugcina ezihlala kwii-securities ezithandwayo kakhulu ezithengiswa ngethuba lonyaka ngaphambi kokuba umtyalo-mali ufumane izabelo zeengxowa-mali. Oku akukhathali ukuba utyalomali kwingxowa-mboleko yerhafu njengeRoth IRA okanye iRoth 401 (k) , kodwa ingaba yingxaki yangempela xa uthengisa ngqo okanye nge- akhawunti ye-broker . Umba awunakwenzeka ngetrust yeyunithi yecandelo lotyalo-mali kuba i-sponsor ipakishe ndawonye i-securities ngexesha lo myalelo ubekwe, oku kuthetha ukuba isiseko seendleko zokubambisa i-intanethi ihlukile kumthengi wangaphambili.

Iingxaki

Xa ithenda yotyalo-mali ityala iqokelela izabelo kunye / okanye inzala evela kwii-securities eziphantsi, ihlawulela imali kumnini. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafani neengxowa-mali zemveli ezivulekileyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba uvuselele ngokukhawuleza le ntlawulo yemali ebuyela kwi-trust ngokwalo ndlela ehlelwe ngayo (khumbula ukuba i-IT iyisiphothifoliyo esicacisiweyo se-secured). Kuthetha ukunyuka kweemarike, okubizwa ngokuba "udoti lwemali" kunokukhula apho iifom zincinci ngaphantsi kunokuba ziza kuba zinezikhundla ezifanayo kunye nokuba ziphathwe ngokuthe ngqo okanye nge-fundual fund. Oku akusoloko kuyinto embi ngenxa yokuba, kwiimarike ezantsi, isebenza ngenye indlela.

Olunye ulungiso lwezinto ezinokuthi utyalo-mali luncinci libiza ngexesha lokufumana. Ndibone ii-UIT zijolise kwiipotifoliyo zeefowuni zesebenzi eziphelelwa yisikhathi phakathi konyaka okanye ezimbini zokudala kwaye zihlawule umthwalo we-2.95% wokuthengisa ekuthengeni i-$ 50,000 okanye ngaphantsi. Oko akubi kangako njengoko kuvezwa xa ucinga ukuba ngokungafani nesikhwama sokubambisa ukuhlawula umthwalo wokuthengisa othelekisayo, akukho mali yokuxhaswa kwemali kunye kwaye ungathatha ukuhanjiswa kweempahla ezinokupheliswa kwethemba; umthwalo wokuthengisa osebenza njengekhomishini ye-facto kwizikhundla ezingama-50 ukuya kwe-100, okwenza kube lula. Sekunjalo, ukuba uyazi izibini ozifunayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuya kuba kubi ukuze uzihlanganise ngokwakho ngokuthenga izitokethi ngqo.