Ukuqonda iNgxelo kunye neNgxowa-mali yokuTyala imali kwiSitokisiso esithandwayo
I-trade-off yexesha elivakalayo elivunyiweyo livuno elifunyenwe ngabathengi bempahla yintengiso kukuba ayikwazi ukukhulisa utyalo-mali ngokubanzi njengoko ishishini landa. Ngaphandle kokuba kunemibandela ekhethekileyo ebonisa impembelelo enkulu, amanani entengo ekhethiweyo ayabakhathalela kakhulu utshintsho kwizinga lentengo kunye nezivuno ezihambelana nokutshala imali. Oku kuthetha ukuba nayiphi na imali eyinzuzo efunyanwa ngumnini uya kuvela ekuthengeni imfuyo ekhethiweyo ngaphambi kokuncipha kwezinga lentengo kunye / okanye ukwanda kwe-creditworthiness yenkampani, eyenza abanye abatyali-mali ukuba bazimisele ukufumana isivuno esincinci.
Isitokethi esibandakanyekayo kunye neSatifikethi esingabalulekanga
Imiqathango yeempahla ezikhethiweyo zeempahla zingahluka ngokubanzi, nakwiinkampani ezifanayo, ezinokukhupha iisitokthi ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo "njengoko zibizwa rhoqo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu kwisitokhethi esikhethiweyo kukuba ingaba isahlulo sihlanganiselwe okanye asiyiyo.
Kwimiba elandeleleneyo, izabelo ezikhethiweyo ezingahlawulwanga kwi-akhawunti. Ezi ntlawulo ezingakhokhelwa zibizwa ngokuba "kwiimbuyekezo". Ngaphambi kokuba nayiphi na isahlulo singakhokhelwa kubanikazi beempahla, yonke into ehlawulwe emva kwemali kufuneka ihanjiswe kubanini bezinto ezikhethiweyo ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba umba okhethiweyo awuyiyo ikhefu kwaye intlawulo yesahlulo ilahlekile, abanini-nxaxheba abakhethiweyo abanalo inhlanhla.
Asoze athathe loo mali, nangona inkampani ikhiqiza iirekhodi zokuphulwa kweenzuzo emva kweenyanga.
Izibonelelo ezingasichaphazela ixabiso lentengo ekhethiweyo
Kukho uninzi lwamalungiselelo angaphezulu anokuchaphazela ixabiso lentengo ekhethiweyo. Nazi ezinye ezimbalwa kufuneka uziqaphele:
- Ukuvota ngokungahambisani nokuvota: Abanikazi beempahla ezikhethiweyo banakho okanye abanako ukuvota amalungelo. Kuye kubekho iimeko kulo lonke iimbali apho izabelo ezikhethiweyo zifumana kuphela amalungelo okuvota ukuba izahlulelo zingakhange zihlawulwe ixesha elichazweyo, ngokugqithiseleyo ukutshintshisa okubalulekileyo, ukuba kungabikho ukulawula, amandla okuvota kubathinteli abaniniweyo. Loo mbandela ngokufanelekileyo ubabeka kwindawo yokubambisa umnini-mboleko wokuqala ngokubanika igunya lokuqokelela ukuhlawulwa kwebango labo, izibonelelo ezivumelayo. Oku kufuthi kwenziwa kwimiba ethile yamashishini abucala, amalungiselelo eemali ezizodwa kunye neenkampani zikarhulumente, okanye ezinye iimeko ezingekho phantsi kweemeko apho i-facto mboleko engafuni ukuhlawula irhafu ephezulu eyobe ihlawulwa kwimali engenayo ibhondi ikhishwe.
- Ireyithi ekhethiweyo enokuthi : Abanikazi beempahla ezikhethiweyo bafumana isahluko esahlukileyo esekelwe naliphi na inani lezinto ezichazwe yinkampani ekunikweni komrhumo wokuqala woluntu . Kule minyaka elishumi edlulileyo, kuye kwaba ngokuqhelekileyo kwimicimbi yamasheya amatsha okhethwayo ukuba abe neerhafu ezihambayo zokunciphisa izinga lokubaluleka kwenzala kunye nokwenza ukuba bancintisane nakwiimarike.
- Isitokhethi esikhethiweyo : Abaphathi bale nkonzo yezokhuseleko banelungelo lokuguqula isitokthi sabo esikhethiweyo sibe yizabelo ezifanayo. Oku kuvumela umtyalo-mali ukuba angenise inzuzo yegalelo kunye nokuba inokuzuza ngokunyuka kwesitokisini esifanelekileyo ngelixa ikhuselekile ekuwa. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, kunye neshishini elifanelekileyo, utyalo-mali ohlakaniphile unokukwenza imali eninzi ngelixa efumana imali engenayo kunye nomngcipheko ophantsi ngokutyalomali kwisitokethi esinqunyiwe. Ukuze ufunde ngokubanzi malunga nendlela oku kusebenza ngayo, funda i- Convertible ekhethiweyo yeSitoreji sabaqalayo .
- Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwisitokhethi esikhethiweyo : Ngokuqhelekileyo, izabelo zalolu hlobo lwesitokhethi ezikhethiweyo zifumana isahlulelo esisetyenzisiweyo kunye nesahlulo esongezelelweyo esekelwe kwipesenti echazwe yintlawulo yomvuzo okanye isahlulo esikhokhelwa kubanini-zimpahla abaqhelekileyo.
Ngaphandle kwezibonelelo ezimbalwa ezikhankanywe ngasentla, ukutshintsha kwe-stock ekhethiweyo kunokuba luninzi. Kungenzeka ukuba umtyalo-mali unokufumana umbandela okhethiweyo ongabandakanyi ukuvota!
Iimpahla ezikhethiweyo zamanani ezithengiweyo zichithwa nguTshintsho kwiStock Common
Ukuba inkampani enkulu yeziyobisi ifumene unyango kwiqanda eliqhelekileyo, isitokhwe esifanelekileyo senkampani siza kusondela ngokulindela kwezigidigidi zeedola ababenini-mali abanokulindela ukuba inkampani izuze kwixesha elizayo. Ngethuba elifanayo, izabelo ezikhethiweyo zenkampani mhlawumbi zazingayi kubakho kwixabiso ngaphandle kwendlela intlawulo ekhethiweyo ngoku ikhuselekile ngenxa yemali ephezulu yokufumana; utshintsho lweemeko ezingakhokelela kwixabiso lemarike yokunyuka okukhethiweyo kunye nokuvunwa kwethamo. Nangona kunjalo, abanini-nxaxheba abakhethiweyo babeya kulahleka kwiinkunzi ezinkulu, ngelixa beqokelela i-dividend checks. Ukuba, emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, inkampani yamemezela ukuba unyango alusebenzi, ixabiso lesitokisi esifanayo liya kuhlawulela. Ingaba ikhefu elikhethiweyo lenkampani liyakunqumla, na? Ngethuba nje ishishini liqhubeka lenza iintlawulo ezikhethiweyo zokuhlawula i-stock, ixabiso layo liza kuhlala lizinzile.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umtyalo-mali ube neengxenye ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo ("PERCS", i-Preference Equity Redemption Stock Stock, njengoko eyaziwayo) kule meko, ixabiso le-PERCS liye lafumana ukunyuka okukhulu nokuwa kusekelwe kwinzuzo ekulindelwe umtyalo-mali unokuzifumanisa ngokuguqula izabelo zakhe kwisitoktho esifanayo. Ngethuba nje ukuba umnini wezinto ezikhethiweyo engazange aguqulwe izabelo zakhe okanye athole ngakumbi ukukhethwa kwintengo ekhethiweyo, akayi kulahlekelwa yilahleko yinqununu .
Ngubani omele atyale kwiSitokisiso esithandwayo?
Ngeendlela ezininzi, isitokhethi esikhethiweyo esikhethiweyo sibonakala sinikela abantu abanini-nxaxheba kubonakala ngathi bayabonakalisa, kodwa inyaniso iyimpahla ekhethiweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha, ayinakucacisa kakhulu abatyala-mali ngabanye.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izityalo-mali ezikhethiweyo zingaba yi-goldmine yeefolthifoli zenkampani. Ngoba? Imithetho yentlawulo ye-Federal ifuna kuphela iinkampani ukuba zihlawule irhafu yengeniso malunga ne-30% yazo ezahlukileyo ezikhethiweyo, oku kuthetha ukuba i-70% epheleleyo ingenanto yerhafu! Lo mxolelo awufumaneki kumashishini ngamnye. Iphothifoliyo yakho iyakuthi ifumane umrhumo ophezulu emva kwentela ngokutyalomali kwiibhanki zenkampani xa amaxabiso akhangayo okanye amabhondi kamasipala ukuba unesibhakethi esiphezulu sentela. (Ukuchonga ukuba yeyiphi isibonelelo esingaphezulu kwentela emva kwentlawulo, kufuneka ubale into eyaziwa njengesivuno esifanayo ). Ngokubalulekayo kukuba kukuba, njengotyalo-mali-mali, uya kufumana i-mabango aphezulu kuloo mali-mali ngokuchasene nesimo esingaphantsi kwee-stocks ezikhethiweyo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba wenzani, kusenokuba ubulumko ukukhumbula isigxina somtyalo-mali, umfundisi kunye nomphathi wezemali, uBenjamin Graham, owathetha ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba phantse kukho impazamo yokuba umtyalo-mali athenge umthamo we-stock ekhethiweyo okanye kufuphi xabiso njengoko imbali iboniswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukuba unesineke ngokwaneleyo, ithuba lokuba nalo kwixabiso elincinciweyo liza kubakho ngokubanzi.
Funda ngakumbi malunga nokutshala imali kwi-Stock okanye kwi-Bonds
Unokufumana ulwazi oluthe xaxa malunga nokutyalomali kwisitokethi kwisiGqeba sethu esigqibeleleyo sokuTyala imali kwiSitokisi . Unokufuna kwakhona ukukhangela amaqhinga amathathu eBond for Long Term Termors .