Isibheno soLuntu oluQala ukuTyala imali
Ndicinga ukuba isibheno se-IPO siyaqondakala. Akunjalo nje kuphela ukunikezela ngexabiso elikhulu kwizoqoqosho - imali enokuthi ikhule amashishini angempela awanikezela iimpahla kunye neenkonzo kubabasebenzisi - kodwa ufumana uvuyo lokuphindaphinda amava-mali abasaqalayo kumafemu afana neWal-Mart, i-Home Depot , UWalt Disney, uDell, Tiffany & Inkampani, iMicrosoft, i-Nike, i-Coca-Cola, i-Target, okanye i-Starbucks.
Ukuthengwa okunye kwi- akhawunti yakho yomrhwebi , ibhloko lesitokhwe eliqhelekileyo , kwaye emva kweminyaka emininzi intsapho yakho icebile. Ufumana ibhizinisi elihle elijoliswe ekukhuleni okukhulu kwaye ubambelele ebomini obathandayo njengoko uhamba ngokuhamba. Kwiimeko ezininzi ze-IPOs eziphumelele kakhulu, ingeniso yonyaka yerhafu yedwa yadlula inani lemali-mali yangaphambili kwisithuba sekota.
Ngaphezulu koku, igalelo ezipheleleyo zeemali ezifunyenweyo zazibuyisele ngokutsha kokuqala, ezininzi, amaxesha.
Izabelo ngokwenene zaba yimashini yemali, ukunyathelisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso emali kubanikazi babo ukuze bahambe basebenzise noko bafuna.
I-Downside ye-IPO Investment
I-downo enkulu kakhulu ye-IPO abatshali-mali babejongene nexabiso elincinci lokunyuka kweendlela. Akukona ukunyanisela ukuthetha ukuba kwakukho ixesha elide, ngamanye amaxesha lihlala ixesha elide ixesha elide, apho izabelo ziza kuhlaselwa kwiimarike ezicatshulwa ngo-30% ukuya kuma-50% okanye ngaphezulu.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, kumtyalo-mali oyinyaniso, oku akuzange kuthathele ingqalelo nje ngokuba i -earnings-reward income yaqhubeka ikhula kwaye irekhodi lokukhula lokuhlawulela ligcinwe ngokutshabalalisa iirekhodi ezintsha. Ngokudabukisayo, xa ubheka ukuziphatha ngendlela ekhoyo , abathathi-zimpahla abaninzi abaziphathe ngale ndlela. Esikhundleni sokuxabisa ishishini kunye nokuthenga ngokufanelekileyo, bajonga kwiimarike ukwazisa. Abaqondi ukuhlula phakathi kwexabiso langaphakathi kunye nexabiso.
I-Coca-Cola kunye neWalmart IPO History
Cinga i-Coca-Cola Inkampani. Isabelo esisodwa seCoke esithengiwe i $ 40 kwi-IPO emva kowe-1919 kwakuya kukhula ngaphezu kwama-5,000,000 ngama-dividends athengiswa ngethuba eli nqaku lishicilelwe ekuqaleni ngoJulayi 31, 2006. Ngoku ukuba ndibuyele ukuyihlaziya ngoDisemba 31, 2014, inani limi ngaphezu kwama-15,000,000.
I-Coke IPO yatshintsha ubomi ngonaphakade. (Elinye idolophu encinci, iQuincy, eFlorida, yaba ngumnini-mnikazi wecenari ye-milioneire e-United States kuba ibhanki yendawo yaqinisekisa wonke umntu ukuba enye yeyona nkampani ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ibhanki yaqaphela ukuba kungekhona nje kuphela iingxelo zemali eziqinileyo, kodwa ukuba loo mveliso yayinomthwalo wokuxinzelela kwezoqoqosho ezifana nokunciphisa kunye nokuxothwa ngenxa yokuba nangona ulahlekelwe yindlu yakho, umsebenzi wakho, kwaye ulinde kwisonka, ukuba ufumane i-nickel, unokuyichitha kwiglasi yeCoca-Cola; iindawo zokunethezeka ezithengiweyo ezibonelela ngokuzonwabisa.
Igunya lombane kwaye kwaye, lingalindelekanga.) Nantsi umkhabi: Umtyalo-mali we-IPO wayeya kubukela imali yakhe engama-$ 40 engena kwii-19 zama-19 ngonyaka ongenawo wokuqala! Bangaphi abantu abaye banqanyulwa kwi-giant-giant drinker giant emhlabeni ngenxa yabanye abatyali-mali abenza impazamo kwixabiso.
UWal-Mart Stores, Inc. ibali elifanayo. Buyela kwi-IPO yasekuqaleni kwiminyaka yama-1960 xa uSam Walton ejikeleza izitolo zakhe lonke ilizwe kunye nokutsalwa kweentengo ze-$ 10,000 kunye neerhafu ezithengiswayo ngoku zifanelekile phakathi kwe-$ 15,000,000 kunye ne-20,000,000. Waphenduka abaqhubi beloli, abashibi, abaphathi beevenkile, abaphathi, kunye nabasomali-mali bokuqala kwiimali-mali ezininzi.
Kodwa akusiyo yonke iminikelo yokuqala yoluntu esebenza ekupheleni. Kuthekani ukuba uthenge iinkampani ezifana neWebVan, i-web grocer ephazamisayo kwixesha le-dot-com eliye lashiya abatyalo-mali ngokulahlekelwa yintlekele?
Abantu abasebenzisa imali yabo yokufumana ubunini babukele i- portfolio yabo yexabiso elixabisekileyo-ukucima; inkunzi enokuthi idibanise iqela elikhulu lenkuni xa linikezwe ixesha elaneleyo.
Kwaye kwinto enye elula: Ngokungafani nezinye iinkampani ezixhasa i-IPOs, i-WebVan ayikwazanga ukwenza nayiphi na imali. Abatyalomali bokuqala babhujiswa ngumngcipheko wokulinganisela . Ngexesha elithile, inkampani emva kwe-IPO kufuneka iqale ukwenza inzuzo yangempela ingabahambisa kubanikazi. Xa kukho konke oku kuthethwa, sisalokhu sinemibuzo: Ngaba kufuneka uqwalasele ukutshala imali kwi-IPOs?
Ixabiso leNkcazo-UkuTyaliswa koTyalo-mali nge-IPO Investment
UBenjamin Graham, uyise wexabiso lokutyalo-mali kunye nohlalutyo oluninzi lwezokhuseleko lwangoku, olucetyiswa kwindlela aphethe ngayo uMtyalomali oPhezulu , abatyali-mali bayacaca yonke into yokuqala yoluntu. Isizathu? Ngethuba le-IPO, abanini-zangaphambili bazama ukuphakamisa imali ekukhuliseni i-shishini, ukukhangela imali yabo yokucwangcisa ifa, okanye nayiphi na enye yezizathu ezibangela ukuba kukho enye into: ixabiso leprayimenti elinika ithuba elincinci lokuthenga isigxina sakho isaphulelo.
Ngokuphindaphindiweyo, wayephikisana, ukunyuka kwamanye amazwe kwintsebenziswano kuya kubangela ukuba intengo yesitokhwe iwele phantsi kwiminyaka embalwa, unike ixabiso lomtyalo-mali ithuba lokulayisha kwiinkampani ayithandayo. Njengoko umzekelo wethu weCoca-Cola ubonakalisiwe, oku kudla ukuba kukho.
Nangona ndicinga ukuba le ngcebiso iyingqiqo, ngokukodwa abacebisi abanamava abafanele ukuba bathathe into efana ne- index index , esebenza nomcebisi oqeqeshiweyo okanye, ukuba batyebi ngokwaneleyo, iqela lokulawula i-asethi, ingxaki ivela ekubeni ukuba uyifumana ibhizinisi elivelele ngokwenene-eliyinto enokwenza isigwebo kuya kuqhubeka nokuqulunqwa kwamaxesha amaninzi kwiimarike eziqhelekileyo, kwanokuba intengo ephezulu ingaba yintengiso.
Ewe, ekhangela emva kweminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, i-Dell Computer yayiyinqaba epheleleyo kwixabiso lokufumana umvuzo we-50x! Kwakukho, inene, isitokisiso esiphezulu sexabiso ngenxa yokubaluleka kwexabiso elikhoyo langoku, ixabiso lemali elizayo lemali elizayo likhulu kakhulu kunexabiso lempahla ngexesha.
Ngenxa yobunzima bokuhlanza umququ ukusuka kwengqolowa, mhlawumbi uya kwenza ngcono ngokubambelela kwizibhamu zakho. Kwinqaba, isikhundla sikaGraham ngenye yezokhuseleko ezikhuselekileyo. Kuqinisekisa ukuba awuyi kutshiswa kwaye umtyalo-mali oqhelekileyo uya kusebenza kakuhle kwixesha elide ngokulandela loo mgaqo.
Imibuzo Yokuzibuza Ngaphambi kokutyalomali kwi-IPO
Sekunjalo, unokugqiba isigqibo seengozi ze-IPO ukutshala imali. Uninzi lwabantu abahlakaniphile. Umtyalo-mali weBillionaire uCharlie Munger, obhekiselele indlela yakhe yokutyalo-mali ngendlela elula kakhulu, uthe yena wayeyindoda encinci kule mihla, inokuthi inokuthi ithathe inxalenye ezinikezelweyo kwipotfoliyo yayo kwaye igxile ekufumaneni iingcamango ezincinci nganye ilishumi apho wayezimisele ukuguqula izicingo, ngokukhetha ngokukhethekileyo kuphela okulungileyo kakhulu apho ecinga ukuba amanani anengqiqo.
Isenokungabi sisicwangciso esilungileyo kumntu osenayo iphothifoliyo yaso eyona ndawo, enandipha inzuzo enkulu yemali engenayo, unokukwazi ukuhlalutya iingxelo zengeniso kunye neebhalansi , kwaye ujongene nesilinganiso esithile sokucatshulwa.
Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokunceda inxaxheba yoluntu ngendlela efanayo nokutshala imali kumabhondi kamasipala kunokunceda uluntu. Cinga ngekhebula le-fiber-optic elibekwe ngexesha le-dot-com boom, exhaswa ngabasomali abazimisele ukuqhuba ixabiso lesabelo kwenyanga. Ukugqithiswa kwamanzi ekugqibeleni kwaphumela kwizigidigidi zeedola ngokubhalwa kweencwadi kunye nokugqithiswa okumbalwa.
Uninzi lwabo batyali-mali balahlekelwa yimali abayingozi. Nangona kunjalo, yabeka isiseko sokunyuka kwexesha elide lamashishini afana ne-YouTube, iNetflix, i-Amazon, iGoogle kunye nokunye. Sonke sinandipha igalelo ekuphumeni kwabo. Oku kuthethi ukuba unomngcipheko wokubeka ingozi kwi-capital yakho kwaye utyalo-mali kwisibonelelo sokuqala esidlangalaleni, zibuze imibuzo embalwa ebalulekileyo:
- Ukuba le shishini alikhuli kwizinga eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukulinganisa ixabiso layo, yintoni na isizathu esinokubangela? Ziziphi iimeko zokungaphumeleli ezenzekayo?
- Ziziphi iindawo ezikhuphisanayo ezikhusela ishishini? Amalungelo abenzi? Iimpawu zokuthengisa? Abaphathi abalulekileyo? Yintoni ebeka enye inkampani ukungena nokutshabalalisa ezoqoqosho?
- Ngaba unokukhululeka ukuba ube neli shishini ukuba imarike yeemasheya kufuneka ivale ezintlanu, ezilishumi, okanye iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu? Ngamanye amazwi, ngaba lo mzekelo wezoshishino kunye nesiseko sezimali seenkampani esigxina okanye ukungabikho komsebenzi ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe okanye ukungabikho kwemali eyaneleyo inokwenzeka?
- Ukuba isitoro siwa ngama-50 ekhulwini ngenxa yeengxaki zesikhashana kwi-shishini, ngaba uya kukwazi ukuqhubeka ubambe ngaphandle kwempendulo yempembelelo ukuba unokwenza ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba i-long-potential potential ye shishini isasithembisa?
Ekugqibeleni, qaphela ukuba iingxaki zithintele kuwe. I-IPOs, njengeklasini, ayenzi kakuhle kakhulu kwi-market. Baye bathengwa ngentlawulo kwiimeko ezininzi. Lo akusiyo indawo apho ungenza kakuhle ngokusasaza iinqwelo zakho kwibhodi kwaye uthenge yonke into ngokulingana okulinganayo.
Kunoko, ngokugqithiseleyo kumigqaliselo yokusebenza okhethekileyo - kufuneka ube njenge-sniper. Ukubonisa ukuba yiyiphi na ofuna ukuyilinda, ulinde ngomonde, mhlawumbi nangeminyaka, ngaphambi kokuba ibonakale ngasentla. Awukwazi ukunyanzela ukuba kubekho into enhle eyenzekayo. Amathuba amaninzi afika kumaqela, aphefumula, aze ahlahle ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele kwaye kufuneka ulungele.