Yintoni Eyibangela Ukuba, Kutheni Ngeke Kube Kukhona.
Ngethamsanqa, uqoqosho lwase-US luye lwafumana ubunzima bezoqoqosho. Yiyo Yokunyamezeka Okukhulu ka-1929 . Kwaphela iminyaka eyi-10. Ukuhla kwezinga eliphezulu lokukhula kweemveliso zasekhaya kwakungekho ubukhulu obungabonakaliyo kusukela:
- 1930 -8.6 ekhulwini
- 1931 -6.5 ekhulwini
- 1932 -13.1 ipesenti
- 1933 -1.3 ipesenti
- 1938 -3.4 ipesenti
Ngexesha loxinzelelo, izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi lalingama-25 ekhulwini.
Imivuzo yawa ngamaphesenti angama-42. Ixabiso elipheleleyo lezoqoqosho ze-US liye lahla ukusuka ku-$ 103 ezigidigidi ukuya kwii-55 zezigidigidi. Urhwebo lwehlabathi luye lwaba ngamaphesenti angama-65 njengoko kulinganiswa ngeedola. Imiphumo yoLwaphulo olukhulu luyakwazi ukuvakalelwa namhlanje.
Uthelekisa njani ukugqithiselwa ukususela emva koko? Ngexesha leengxaki zemali ngo-2008 , ukukhula koqoqosho kuye kwaphela. Kodwa ayikaze afikelele ekuxininisekeni koKuCaluleka okukhulu. Nangona kwakukho ukuhla kwehla kwimizuzu embalwa, kwakungekho minyaka apho uqoqosho luya kungena ngokukhawuleza njengokuba kuDangeleko Olukhulu. Ngokwezibalo ze- GDP , uqoqosho lwaba ne-0.3 ekhulwini ngo-2008. Ngonyaka ka-2009, ihlawulela ama-3.5 ekhulwini.
Ukwehla kwemali e-2001 yayineendawo zokuhlala ezimbi, kodwa akukho minyaka eyayibi. Ngo-1991, uqoqosho lwafumana i-0.2 ekhulwini. U-1980 ukuya ku-1982 ukuhlalisana kweminyaka yabona iminyaka emibini emibi: i-1980 yayingaphantsi kwe-0.3 yeepesenti, kwaye i-1982 yayingaphantsi kwe-1.2 ekhulwini. Ngethuba lowe-1973 ukuya ku-1975, uqoqosho lwaba ne-0.6 ekhulwini ngo-1974 kunye ne -2 ekhulwini ngo-1975.
Enyanisweni, eli lizwe elikude liye lafika ekudandathelweni kwakukho emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Iinjongo zoqoqosho zazama nzima ukulungiswa kwimveliso yexesha loxolo. Uqoqosho lwaba neminyaka emine ngokulandelana.
- 1945 -1.1 ipesenti
- 1946 -10.9 ekhulwini
- 1947 -0.9 ekhulwini
- 1949 -0.5 ekhulwini
Izizathu
Uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho lubuhlungu kangaka, luphantse luthathe isiqhwithi esipheleleyo sezenzakalo ukudala enye.
Enyanisweni, iingcali ezininzi zithi umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ochaseneyo wandisa iCapression. I- Federal Reserve yafuna ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa i-bubble marketplace bubble ngasekupheleni kwee-1920. Kodwa xa imarike yesitokisi iphazamisekile, i-Fed yaqhubeka iphakamisa izinga lentlawulo ekukhuseleni umgangatho wegolide . Esikhundleni sokupompa imali kwizoqoqosho kunye nokwandisa imali yokunikezela ngemali , iFed yavumela ukuba imali ibone i-30 ekhulwini. Oku kwadala ukuhlukumeza okukhulu, apho amaxabiso ayehla iipesenti ezili-10 ngonyaka. Njengoko abantu bekulindeleke ukuba amanani aphantsi, babaleka ukuthenga. Amanani asethi angamagugu angaphantsi kwama-25 ekhulwini. Abantu balahlekelwa amakhaya abo. Kwakuyiminyaka elishumi elibhubhisayo, ngokubhekiselele kwixesha elide lokuxinwa kwexesha elide , laqala ngo-Agasti 1929 kwaye laphela ngo-Juni 1938.
Xa ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yezoqoqosho kuphelile, kunzima ukuyeka. I-"Deal Deal" yadala ezininzi iinkqubo zikaRhulumente zokuphelisa ukuCalulelwa, kodwa iinkqubo zikaRhulumente zodwa azikwazanga ukwenza inkohliso. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwahlala kumadidi aphindwe kabini kwa-1941, xa i-US ingena kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II yenza imisebenzi enxulumene nokukhusela. Umthamo wokuvelisa wawunqabile ngexesha lokudityaniswa kweminyaka elishumi. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwenzalo yemfazwe kwakuchaza ubuninzi bokudalwa kwemisebenzi. Kungenxa yokuba isakhono esitsha kufuneka sakhiwe.
Thintelo
Abantu abaninzi banenkxalabo yokuba ihlabathi lingafumana olunye uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho. Ngethuba nje uqonda ubunzima bokuxinezeleka kwangempela, uya kubona ukuba sifikile nantoni apha kufuphi kwiminyaka yamuva.
Okokuqala, ukuxinezeleka kwinqanaba lika-1929 kwakungeke kwenzeke ngendlela eyenzayo ngaphambili. Imithetho emininzi kunye nee-arhente karhulumente zafakwa endaweni ngenxa yokuCaluleka okukhulu. Injongo yabo ecacileyo yayikukuthintela nawuphi na olo hlobo lweentlungu zezoqoqosho.
Okwesibini, iibhanki eziphambili emhlabeni jikelele, kuquka i-Federal Reserve, ziyazi ngakumbi ukubaluleka kokuvuselela uqoqosho ngemigaqo-mali engaphezulu . Enyanisweni, iibhanki eziphambili zenza ngendlela edibeneyo yokuthintela uxinzelelo ngo-Oktobha 2008 ngokukhwela ibhanki . Banciphisa amaxabiso omdla, inkokhelo yokupompa kunye nokuthengwa kwemali kwinkqubo yemali yehlabathi.
Oku kwabuyisela ukuzithemba kubanki beebhanki, abazange bazimisele ukuboleka omnye nomnye ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthatha imali yokubanjiswa kwemali ye-subprime.
Okwesithathu, i-Fed iye yamkela umgaqo-nkqubo wexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso elijolise ekuthintela ukuchasana okuxhamene nokudakumba kwehlabathi. Ngenxa yoko, i-Fed iya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa umgaqo-mali wezemali ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwi-2 ekhulwini.
Kukho kuphela umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali onokuwenza ngaphandle komgaqo-nkqubo wezemali . Ngo-2009, i- bill stimulus bill ibincede ukuthintela uxinzelelo ngokukhuthaza umnotho. Kodwa ubungakanani obuyingqalileyo benomda welizwe ulwabiwo- mali . Ukusebenza kunye, umgaqo-mali wezemali kunye nowezemali unokuthintela olunye uxinzelelo lwehlabathi. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuCalulelwa OkuKhulu kunokwenzeka kwakhona.