Ukuchaswa Kukuncitshisa Uninzi Kunokuba Uphule Imiphumo
Indlela elinganiselwe ngayo
Ngokusemthethweni, ukuchaswa kulandelwa ngokuncipha kwi- Index Index Price . Kodwa i-CPI ayilinganisi amanani e- stock , uphawu olubalulekileyo lwezoqoqosho. Ngokomzekelo, abahlala phantsi baye basebenzisa amasheya ukuze bathenge imali. Amashishini abasebenzisa ukuxhasa ukukhula. Oko kuthetha ukuba xa kuthengiswa i-market market, i-CPI ingase ilahleke esinye isibonakaliso esibalulekileyo sokuchasana njengoko kuvezwe kwiifolthi zabantu. Ukuqwashiswa kwezibonakaliso zezoqoqosho kubalulekile ukulinganisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba i-market market crash ingabangela ukunyuka kwemali .
I-CPI ayibandakanyi amaxabiso okuthengisa amakhaya. Esikhundleni salokho, libala "ilinganayo ngenyanga" ephuma kwikhaya. Oku kudukisa kuba amaxabiso okuqashisa angase ahlawule xa kukho indawo ephezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo xa izinga lentengo liphantsi kwaye amaxabiso ezindlu aphakama. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, xa amaxabiso asekhaya ahla ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu, inzala iyakwandisa.
Oko kuthetha ukuba i-CPI inganika ukufundiswa okuphantsi kwamanqanaba xa amaxabiso asekhaya aphakamileyo kunye neendleko ziphantsi. Yingakho asizange ilumkise ngokunyuka kwexabiso lempahla ngexesha lebhola lezindlu ngo-2006. Ukuba kwakunjalo, i- Federal Reserve yayingakhulisa amazinga omdla ukukhusela ibhola. Oku kuya kuthintela intlungu xa i-bubble iqhuma ngo-2007.
Izizathu
Kukho izizathu ezintathu ezenza ukuba ukungabikho komngcipheko kuye kwaba yingozi enkulu kune-inflation ukususela ngo-2000. Okokuqala, ukuthumela ngaphandle kwe- China kuye kwagcina amaxabiso aphantsi. Ilizwe linomgangatho ophantsi wokuphila , ngoko ke inokuhlawula abasebenzi bayo ngaphantsi. I-China nayo igcina izinga layo lokutshintshiselwa kwi dollar. Okugcina iimveliso zayo zithungelwano.
Okwesibini, ngekhulu lama-21, iteknoloji efana neikhompyutheni igcina ukuveliswa kwabasebenzi. Ininzi inkcazelo ingafumaneka ngemizuzwana ukusuka kwi-intanethi. Abasebenzi akudingeki bachithe ixesha lokulilandela. Ukutshintshela kwi-imeyile ye-konnail ukuya kubonxibelelwano lwezorhwebo oluxilisiweyo lwe-imeyili
Okwesithathu, ukugqithisa okwenyuka kwebhogers ye-baby boomers kuvumela ukuba iinkampani zigcine umvuzo phantsi. Abaninzi boomer baye bahlala emsebenzini ngenxa yokuba abanako ukufumana umhlalaphantsi. Bazimisele ukufumana umvuzo omncinci wokuncedisa imali yabo. Ezi ndleko eziphantsi zithetha ukuba iinkampani azizange zifune ukuphakamisa amaxabiso.
Kutheni ukuchaswa kukubi
Ukuchaswa kukunciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Njengoko amaxabiso awela, abantu banqumla ukuthenga. Bathemba ukuba bafumane i-intsebenziswano engcono kamva. Mhlawumbi uye waziva oku xa ucinga ngokufumana ifowuni entsha, i-iPad, okanye iTV. Unako ukulinda de kunyaka ozayo ukufumana imodeli yonyaka ngokuphantsi.
Oku kugxininisa abavelisi ukuba babe namaxabiso athile rhoqo kwaye bafike ngeemveliso ezintsha.
Kuhle ukuba abathengi njengawe. Kodwa ukuhlawula iindleko rhoqo kuthetha umvuzo ongezantsi kwaye imali engaphantsi kotyalo-mali. Yingakho iinkampani kuphela ezinobungqina, ezithembekileyo ezilandelayo, ezifana ne-Apple, ziphumelele ngempela kule shishini.
Ukuchithwa okukhulu kwezinto kuye kwasiza ukuguqulwa kwe-1929 kwi- Depression Great . Njengoko ukungaphumeleli kwemisebenzi kwenyuka, imfuno yempahla kunye neenkonzo zawa. Ixabiso liye lahla i-10 ekhulwini ngonyaka. Njengoko amaxabiso awela, iinkampani zaphuma kwishishini. Abantu abaninzi baba ngabasebenzi .
Xa uthuli luhleli, urhwebo lwehlabathi luye lwaphela. Umthamo wempahla kunye neenkonzo ezithengiswayo wehla kuma-25 ekhulwini. Ngombulelo kumanani aphantsi, ixabiso le shishini liphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-65 njengoko lilinganiselwa kwiidola.
Indlela Yagcinwa ngayo
Ukulwa nokuchaswa, i-Fed ivuselela uqoqosho ngomgaqo-mali wezongeziweyo . Iyanciphisa ukujoliswa kwezinga lokuhlawula imali .
Ibuye ithenge i-Treasury ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yayo yemarike evulekileyo . Xa kuyimfuneko, i-Fed isebenzisa ezinye izixhobo ukunyusa imali yokunikezelwa kwemali . Xa likhula ukwanda kwamashishini kwezoqoqosho, abantu bahlala becinga ukuba i-Federal Reserve iprinta imali .
Ukongezelela, amagosa ethu atyunjiweyo angakunciphisa amanani ahlayo nomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali . Oko kuthetha ukuhlawula irhafu. Banokunyusa nokusetyenziswa kwemali karhulumente . Zomibini zenza ilahleko lesigxina . Ewe, ukuba ilahleko sele isele kumazinga okurekhoda, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ongaqondakali uyaziwayo.
Kutheni umgaqo- mali wezongeziweyo okanye wezemali usebenza ekunqandeni ukungcola? Ukuba kwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, kukhuthaza umfuno. Ngemali engaphezulu yokuchitha, abantu banokuthenga izinto abazifunayo kunye nezinto abazifunayo. Bayeke ukulinda amanani ukuba awele. Olu kunyuka kwiimfuno luza kutshintshela amaxabiso phezulu, ukuguqula umgangatho we-deflationary.
Kutheni ukuchaswa kukubi ngaphezu kweMveliso
Ukuchasene nokuchithwa kwexabiso kukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Yilapho amaxabiso aphakama ngaphezu kwexesha. Bobabini kunzima ukulwa emva kokumiselwa. Kungenxa yokuba ukulindela kwezizwe kudlukisayo kwiintengo zexabiso. Xa amaxabiso aphakama ngexesha lokunyuka kwamaxabiso , enza i- actif bubble . Le bhotile inokugqitywa ngamabhanki aphakamileyo aphakamisa inzala.
Umongameli wangaphambili we-Fed uPaul Volcker wabonisa oko kuma-1980. Wayelwa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso emibini ngokunyusa izinga lokunyusa iimali ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini. Wawugcina apho nangona kubangelwa ukunyuka kwemali. Kwakudingeka athathe le nyathelo ekhuselekileyo ukuze aqinisekise wonke umntu ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okunokuthi kunokwenziwa. Ngombulelo kuVolcker, amabhanki asekuhlaleni ayazi isixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu ekulwa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso okanye ukuchaswa kukulawula ukulindela kwabantu ukuguquka kwexabiso.
Ukuchaswa kukubi ngaphezu kokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngenxa yokuba inzala yenzalo iyancipha kuphela. Emva koko, iibhanki eziphambili kufuneka zisebenzise ezinye izixhobo. Kodwa ngokude nje ukuba amabhizinisi kunye nabantu bazive bebutyebi kakhulu, bachitha ixesha elincinci, banciphisa ukufuna okungakumbi. Akunandaba ukuba inzala yenzalo ayiyiyo yonke into ngenxa yokuba ayibolekanga nantoni na. Kukho ukungcola kakhulu , kodwa akukho nto. Kufana nokuchukumisa umtya. Iimeko ezibulalayo zibizwa ngokuba ngumthi wecala . Kuyingozi, kuhla.
Ixesha Eliqhelekileyo Xa Ukuchithwa Kulungile
Ukwehla kwamanani kumazwe amaninzi, ukuhlala kwehla kwamanani kuhlale kukubi kwezoqoqosho. Kodwa ukuchasana kwezinye iiklasi zee-asethi kunokuba kuhle. Ngokomzekelo, bekukho ukuchasana okuqhubekayo kwimpahla yabathengi, ngokukodwa iikhomputha kunye nezixhobo zombane.
Oku akubangelwa yimfuno ephantsi, kodwa ukususela kumatshini amasha. Kwimeko yeempahla zabathengi, umveliso uye waya eChina , apho umvuzo ungaphantsi. Le yinto entsha ekuveliseni , oku kubangela amaxabiso aphantsi kumpahla emveliso yabathengi. Kwimeko yeekhompyutheni, abakhiqizi bafumana iindlela zokwenza amacandelo amancinci anamandla ngakumbi kwintengo efanayo. Olu lwazi lobuchwepheshe. Igcina abenzi bekhompyutha bekhuphiswano.
IJapan: Umzekelo Wamanje
Uqoqosho lwamaJapan luye lwabanjelwa kwi-deflationary spiral iminyaka engama-30 edluleyo. Kwaqala ngo-1989, xa i-Bhanki yaseJapan iphakanyise umlinganiselo wenzalo kwaye yabangela ukuba ibhobho yezindlu iqhume. Ngelo nyaka, uqoqosho lwakhula ngaphantsi kwama-2 ekhulwini ngonyaka njengoko amashishini ahlawula amatyala kunye nenkcitho. Ekubeni inkcubeko yaseJapan idangalisa umsebenzi wokulahla, abasebenzi abangaphezu kwemisebenzi banciphise umkhiqizo. Abantu baseJapan nabo basindisa. Xa bebona iimpawu zokunciphisa imali, bayeka ukuchitha kunye nokubeka imali kwixesha elibi.
Uphando lukaDaniel Okimoto kwiYunivesithi yaseStford lucacisa ezinye izinto ezinhlanu:
- Iqela lezopolitiko emandleni alizange lithathe amanyathelo anzima afunekayo ukukhuthaza uqoqosho.
- Imali yaphakanyiswa ngo-1997.
- Amabhanki agcina iimboleko ezibi kwiincwadi zabo. Olu qheliso lubophelele imali efunekayo yokutyalomali ekukhuleni.
- I- yen ithwala i-trade igcine ixabiso lentengo ephezulu yaseYapan kwi-dollar kunye nezinye iirhafu zehlabathi. Ibhanki yaseJapan yazama ukudala ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngokunciphisa amaxabiso omyinge. Kodwa abahwebi baxhamla le meko ngokuboleka i-yen ngokusanqabileyo kwaye batyala imali ngeemali kunye nokubuya okuphezulu.
- Urhulumente waseJapan uchithe kakhulu, ukuthenga iidola ukulwa neen yen ukuqhuba ishishini. Oku kwakha i-200 pesenti yeetyala kwi-ratio yomkhiqizo wekhaya , oye wanyamezela ukulindela ukukhula koqoqosho.