5 Izizathu zokufuna-Ixabiso lokuThola imveliso
Yona nto ibangela kakhulu ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Esinye isizathu, ukunyuka kwexabiso lokunyuka kweendleko , kuhamba phambili.
Iqala ngokunciphisa ukubonelela ngokubanzi okanye ukwanda kwindleko zeendleko zokubonelela. Abaxhasi baphakamisa amanani kuba bayazi ukuba abathengi baya kuhlawula. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi- inelastic imfuno .
Izizathu Ezihlanu Zokufuna-I-Inflation Infrain
Kukho izizathu ezinhlanu zokufuna-ukukhupha umthamo. Iyokuqala uqoqosho olukhula . Xa iintsapho ziziva zithemba, zichitha ngaphezulu kunokugcina. Balindele ukuphakanyiswa nemisebenzi engcono. Bayazi amakhaya abo kunye nokunye utyalo-mali kuya kunyuka kwixabiso. Baziva ukuba urhulumente wenza into efanelekileyo ekukhombiseni uqoqosho. Baya kuboleka ngaphezulu, nokuba ngemali-mboleko okanye ekhaya , okanye amakhadi ekwereta . Ukuba ababolekanga kakhulu, oku kubangelwa yimpilo ephezulu. Idala ukunyuswa okunyukayo kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso.
Okwesibini ulindele ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . USihlalo we-Federal Reserve uBen Bernanke wachaza ngale ndlela. Xa abantu bekulindele ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, baya kuthenga izinto ngoku ukuphepha amanani aphezulu azayo.
Oku kwandisa imfuno, okwenza kubekho ukunyuka kwamanani emfuno. Xa ulindele ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, kulukhuni ukuqeda. Ngokomzekelo, amashishini alindelekileyo amazinga enzala ephezulu kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngonyaka wama-1970. Eyadala ukujikeleza ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ngelo xesha, uMongameli uNixon wabeka ukulawulwa kwamanani okuhlawulela umvuzo okwenyusa ukukhula koqoqosho.
Intlangano yenze i- stagflation .
UBernanke wayengumongameli wokuqala we- US Federal Reserve ukubeka ixabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso . Iipesenti ezi-2. Kungenxa yokuba uqoqosho oluphilileyo lukhula phakathi kwama-2 ukuya kuma-3 ekhulwini. Ijolise ekusebenziseni izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso . Iphelisa iindleko zokutya kunye neendleko ezinamandla.
Isizathu sesithathu kukunyuka kwandiso lwemali . Yilapho kukho imali eninzi yokutshutshisa impahla embalwa kakhulu. Oko kwenzeka xa urhulumente eprinta imali eninzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukwenza oku ukuhlawula ityala layo. Nguyena umqhubi oyintloko we-hyperinflation. Kuyakwenzeka kwakhona ukuba i-Federal Reserve inika imali enkulu kwi-banking system. A
Isizathu sesithathu ngumgaqo- nkqubo wezemali . Inkcitho kaRhulumente iqhuba imfuno. Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwemikhosi yempi kuphakamisa amaxabiso empahla yempi. Xa urhulumente ehlawula irhafu, uqhuba imfuno. Abathengi banenzuzo engaphezulu yokufumana imali kwiimpahla kunye neenkonzo. Xa oko kwanda ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kunikezelwe, kubangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ngokomzekelo, ukuphulwa kweerhafu ukwenzela ukuba inzala yemali yokuthenga imali iyenze ukwanda kwezindlu. Uxhasomali lukaRhulumente lwabagcini bemali yokuboleka imali uFannie Mae kunye noFreddie Mac nabo bavuselela imfuneko. Nangona kwakukho ezinye izizathu ezininzi zebhola lezindlu, bekungayi kuba mnandi ngaphandle kwemigaqo-nkqubo kaRhulumente .
Okwesine luphawu olusisiseko , oluye lwadalwa ngokuthengisa. Ukuthengisa kunokudala imfuno ephezulu yemveliso ethile, uhlobo lwexabiso lempahla . Umzekelo omhle yimveliso ye-Apple, kuquka i-iPod, i-iPad kunye ne-iPhone. Ixabiso leempahla ziphezulu kuneemveliso ezifananisiweyo. Kungenxa yokuba umthengi uyava ukuba i-Apple iyaziqonda iimfuno zabo, kuquka nemvakalelo. Kukho umgca othile wokuba nomnikazi we-Apple, kwaye evumela ukuba i-Apple ihlawulise amaxabiso aphezulu.
Isizathu sesihlanu kukuba ubugcisa obutsha . Ikampani eyenza iteknoloji entsha inemarike ide ezinye iinkampani zibonise indlela yokuyikopisha. Abantu baya kufuna iimveliso kunye nobuchwepheshe obudala ukuphucula kwangempela kwimpilo yabo yemihla ngemihla. I-teknoloji entsha idala i-cachet abo bafanele babe negajethi yamuva. Umzekelo, imoto yezemidlalo yamagumbi kaTesla yayiyimpumelelo yezobuchwepheshe.
Yasebenzisa iimoto ezihamba phambili, izitimela zamandla kunye neepakethe zebhetri. Kuphumelele kangangokuba uthengisa la malungu kwezinye iinkampani zemizi.
Imizekelo yeMfuno-I-Inflation Infrain
Omnye umzekelo wobungcali bezobuchwepheshe ubukho kwimveliso yezemali. I-swaps default loans yayinguhlobo olutsha lwemveliso yomshuwalense. Baqinisekisa ngokungagqibekanga kwimali-mboleko kunye nezinye iintlobo zemboleko. Olu bhengezo luvelise imfuno ephezulu yenye intsha, iziqinisekiso ezixhaswe nge-asethi . Ezi zivumelekile ukugcina izitishi zokugcina iimali ezithengiswa kwimarike yesibini , kufana nezitokethi .
Ezi ziqinisekiso zazingeke zidalwe ngaphandle kolunye uphando lwezobuchwepheshe, ii-computer ezinkulu. Basebenzisa ixabiso leemveliso eziyinkimbinkimbi. Njengoko ukufunwa kweemali eziqinisekisiwe kwenyuka, kwanjalo intengo yexabiso eliphantsi, izindlu. Xa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuphela kuhlenga isigaba esisodwa se-asethi, saziwa ngokuba yi- aseset inflation . Imfuno yeBhanki yeemali zokubhalwa kwemali ukubhalwa phantsi kweemveliso ezivela kwixabiso lempahla yokunyuka kwemali kuze kube ngo-2006. Yilapho ukuthengiswa ekugqibeleni kubanjwe imfuno kunye namanani asekhaya zaqala ukuwa. Yanceda ukudala ingxaki yemali ka-2008 .
I- Federal Reserve yongeze kakhulu ukunikezelwa kwemali ngexesha elifanayo. Yanciphisa isantya semali esondloweyo kwi-1 ekhulwini ngo-2003 ukulwa nomnotho. Wahlala khona unyaka. Ixabiso lemali laphumela kuma-3.3 ekhulwini. Amaxabiso ezindlu aphakama ngakumbi, ekwakheni ibhola.
Ukutywala kwamvumela ukuba iibhanki zixhomekeke kumanqaku onke. Xa abantu bebakholeka ukuba bangabi nantoni na, kwaye abazange bafune imali, abazange baqikelele ukuqesha. Ngenani elincinci lomdla , abanini bezindlu basebenzisa amakhaya abo njengeATM. Basebenzisa ukulingana kwabo kwikhaya kwiinkonzo zonyango, izindlu kunye neempahla zabathengi. Kodwa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuboniswa kuphela kumaxabiso asekhaya kunye nokunakekelwa kwempilo. Intengo yento yonke ayizange ivuke, ngenxa yeChina . Yigcina imali yayo, i-yuan, i- pegged idola. Okuyehliswa ngokunyanisekileyo amaxabiso okuthengiswa kwawo e-United States.
Emva kweengxaki zemali ka-2008, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso e-asethi kwenzeka kwixabiso legolide neoli . Ukuchaswa kwenzeka kwixabiso lezindlu kunye nemali engenayo. Ukufuna-ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuqhubekile kwixabiso legolide baze bafike kwiirekhodi. Kwakuyi-1,895 yeeyure ngomhla weSeptemba 5, 2011. Ukufuna igolide kwenyuka njengoko abatyala-mali bekhathazekile ngeengxaki ze- euro kunye nenkohlakalo engapheliyo ye -US. Ngenxa yoko, bathenga igolide njengentambo yokulwa kunye nedola okanye i-euro yokuwa. (Umthombo: "I-Lowdowndown Economic," iSt. Louis Federal Reserve. "Ukufuna-Thintela Imiphumo," I-Economist Intelligent.)
NgokuSondeza: IiNdidi ezine zeMali-mali | Indlela i-Inflation Controls Inflation | Ixabiso lemali elikhoyo langoku || Umehluko phakathi kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokuchasana ; Indlela Impembelelo Echaphazela ngayo Ubomi Bakho