Yintoni eyenza i-Inflation Happen?
Ukufuna-Thatha ixabiso lemali
Ukufuna-ukukhupha intengo yeyona nto ibangela kakhulu ukunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Kuyenzeka xa imfuno yezinto ezilungileyo okanye iinkonzo zanda kakhulu kangangokuthi iphuma ekunikezeni . Ukuba abathengisi abaphakamisi ixabiso, baya kuthengisa. Ngokukhawuleza bayazi ukuba ngoku banokuzithengisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ukuba okwenene okwenzayo, badala ukunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Kukho imeko e zintlanu ezenza i-dem-pulling inflation. Iyokuqala uqoqosho olukhula. Njengoko abantu bafumana imisebenzi engcono kwaye banokuzithemba ngakumbi, bachitha ngaphezulu.
Njengoko amaxabiso aphakama, aqala ukulindela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ukulindela kukukhuthaza abathengi ukuba bachithe ngaphezulu ngoku ukuphepha ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuza kwenzeka. Oko kukhuthaza ngakumbi ukukhula. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukunyuka kwexabiso elincinci kulungile . Ngenxa yoko, i- Federal Reserve ibeka ithagethi yokunyuka kwamanani ekulawuleni uluntu ukulindela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ku-2 kweepesenti njengoko kulinganiswa nomlinganiselo wokunyuka kwamaxabiso . Isantya esiyintloko sisusa umphumo wokunyuka kweendleko zokutya nezindleko zonyaka.
Isimo sesithathu ngumgaqo- nkqubo wezemali .
Amandla karhulumente okuchitha ngaphezulu okanye ukunyuka kweerhafu ukunyuka kwemfuno kwiindawo ezithile zoqoqosho.
Ukuthengisa kunye neteknoloji entsha kukudala ukufuna-ukunyuka kwamaxabiso emveliso ethile okanye kwiiklasi ze-asethi . Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso e-asethi okubangelwa kukuqhuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okwanda. I-Asset kunye nemali yokunyuka kwamaxabiso yintlobo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso .
Ngokomzekelo, uphawu lwe-Apple luyalela amanani aphezulu kwimveliso yalo. I-teknoloji entsha ityenzeka ngendlela yeemali ezivela kwiimali . Yakha umjikelo kunye nokujikeleza kweemarike kwikhaya lemali ngo-2005.
Ukwandiswa okongeziweyo kwemali kunokunokwenza i-demand-pull pull inflation. Imali enikezelwayo ayikho nje imali, kodwa i-credit, mboleko kunye nemali-mboleko. Xa imali ihambisa, iyanciphisa ixabiso le dollar . Xa idola liyancipha inxulumene nexabiso leemali zelizwe langaphandle, amaxabiso okungeniswa angenayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kungakhokelela nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Iinkampani ezithengisa iimpahla zingadinga ukuphakamisa amaxabiso abo ukuze zikhuphe iindleko zokunyuka kwempahla yazo.
Imali yenyuka njani? Ngomgaqo- nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo okanye umgaqo-mali wezongeziweyo . Urhulumente wephondo uqhuba umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo. Yandisa imali ngokunikezelwa kwemali okanye ukushicilela imali engaphezulu. Ukuchitha imali kuchitha iipompo ngemali kwicandelo elithile loqoqosho. Idala ukunyuka kwamaxabiso emfuno kuloo ndawo. Ilibaziseka iintlawulo ezihlawulelwayo kwaye zongezelela ityala. Akukho miphumo emibi kwaze kwaba yilapho umyinge wetyala kumveliso oyimveliso yasekhaya ufikelela kuma-90 ekhulwini.
I- Federal Reserve ilawula umgaqo-mali wongeziweyo wezemali.
Iyakwandisa imali ngokubonelela imali ethe xaxa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zayo ezininzi. Esinye isixhobo sinciphisa imfuneko yokugcina indawo . Yimalini yeebhanki zemali kufuneka ziqhubeke ngasekupheleni kosuku ngalunye. Ngaphantsi kufuneka bahlale begcinwe, banako ukuboleka ngakumbi.
Esinye isixhobo sinciphisa isantya semali . Leyo ibhanki ihlawuliswa ngokukodwa ukuboleka iimali ukuze kugcinwe imfuno ye-Reserve. Eli nyathelo linciphisa yonke inzala . Okuvumela ababoleki ukuba bathathe imali mboleko enkulu kwiindleko ezifanayo. Ukunciphisa isantya semali esondliwe kunempembelelo efanayo. Kodwa kulula kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, kwenziwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Xa iimali-mboleko zingancinci, imali eninzi iphanga iimpahla ezimbalwa kwaye idala ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Amaxabiso okunyuka kwento yonke, nangona kungekho nto ifunayo okanye isibonelelo ishintshile.
Ixabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso
Isibini sibangela ixabiso-ukunyuka kwamaxabiso .
Kuphela kuphela xa kukho ukunqongophala kokubonelela kunye kunye nezidingo ezaneleyo zokuvumela umlimi ukuba akhulise amaxabiso. Kukho abathathi-nxaxheba abahlanu kwixabiso lentengo kwicala lokubonelela. Iyokuqala yimali yokunyuka kwemali eyandisa umvuzo. Akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwemibutho yabasebenzi esebenzayo.
Inkampani enekhono lokwenza i- monopoly yigalelo lesibini kwixabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Kungenxa yokuba lilawula ukunikezelwa kwezinto ezilungileyo okanye iinkonzo. Umthetho we-Sherman Anti-Trust Act wawunqamle umkhosi ngo-1890.
Iintlekele zemvelo zenza ixabiso lentengo-ukunyuka kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngokulimaza izixhobo zokuvelisa. Yilokho okwenzeka kwimpahla yokucoca iioli emva kweNkupho yeKatrina . Ukuchithwa kwemithombo yemvelo yimbangela ebangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ngokomzekelo, ukuloba nokudoba kunciphisa ukubonelelwa kwezilwanyana zaselwandle kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Ummiselo karhulumente kunye nerhafu kuyanciphisa ukubonelela. Ngomnyaka we-2008, inkxaso-mali yokuvelisa i-ethanol yengqolowa yanciphisa inani lemboni elitholakalayo lokutya. Le nqongophala yenze ixabiso lentengo yokutya .
Xa ilizwe linciphisa izinga lokutshintshiselana kwemali , lidala ukunyuka kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamanani kwiingeniso . Oko kwenza iimpahla zangaphandle zibize ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nempahla evezwe kwendawo.