Uphi Ixabiso leDolali elibhekele phambili?
IRhafu yoTshintsho
Idola yokutshintshiselwa kwedoli ifanisa ixabiso layo kwiimali zamanye amazwe. Ikuvumela ukuba ubone ukuba uninzi lwemali ethile ongatshintshela ngayo idola.
Isilinganiselo esithandwayo kakhulu sokutshintshiselwa yi-US Dollar Index®.
Ezi ntlawulo zitshintsha imihla ngemihla kuba iirhafu zithengiswa kwimarike yerhwebo lwangaphandle . Ixabiso le-forex lemali lincike kwiimeko ezininzi. Ezi ziquka intlawulo yebhanki ephakathi , amanqanaba amatyala elizwe kunye namandla oqoqosho lwayo. Xa bomelele, ngokunjalo ixabiso lemali. Ukufumana okungakumbi, jonga njani uRhulumente alawula iirhafu zeShintsho ?
Amazwe amaninzi avumela ukuthengiswa kwe-forex ukufumana ixabiso leemali zabo. Zinezinga lokutshintshiselana nezimo. Fumana ixabiso leli dola elifaniswa ne-rupee, yen, idola yaseCanada kunye neepounds kwi- US Dollar Rate .
Oku kulandelayo ngumzekelo wendlela i-euro elinganisa ngayo ixabiso lemali ka-2002 ukuya ku-2015. Ukuze uhlaziywe, jonga i- Euro ukuya kwi-Dollar Conversion .
2002-2007 - Idola yawela ngama-40 ekhulwini njengoko ityala le-US landa ngamaphesenti angama-60. Ngo-2002, i-euro yayifanele i-$ 0.87 ngokumalunga ne $ 1.44 ngoDisemba 2007.
(Umthombo: i- Federal Reserve , iRhafu yoTshintsho)
2008 - I dollar yomelezwa ngamaphesenti angama-22 njengoko ishishini lithwele iidola ngexesha leengxaki zemali kwihlabathi . Ekupheleni konyaka, i-euro yayifanele i $ 1.39.
2009 - I dollar yawa ngama-20 ekhulwini ngenxa yokuxhalaba kwetyala. NgoDisemba, i-euro yayifanele i $ 1.43.
U-2010 - Inkxalabo yamatyala aseGrisi yomeleza idola.
Ekupheleni konyaka, i-euro yayifanele i $ 1.32.
2011 - Ixabiso le dolophu malunga ne-euro lawa ngama-10 ekhulwini. Kamva waphinda wafumana umgangatho. Ukususela ngoDisemba 30, 2011, i-euro yayifanele i $ 1.2973.
Ngo-2012 - Ekupheleni kowama-2012, i-euro yayifanele i-dollar 1.3186 njengoko idola liye lancipha.
2013 - I dollar yalahlekelwa xabiso malunga ne-euro, njengoko yabonakala ekuqaleni ukuba iYurophu YaseYurophu yagqiba ukuxazulula ingxaki yaseYurophu . NgoDisemba, bekufanele u-$ 1.3779.
2014 - I-euro ukuya kwi-dollar exchange exchange rate yaba yi-$ 1.21, kubonga kubatyalomali abasabela i-euro.
2015 - I-euro ukuya kwi-dollar exchange rates yaba yi-$ 1.05 ephantsi ngoMatshi, ngaphambi kokunyuka kwi-$ 1.13 ngo-Meyi. Kwawa ku-$ 1.05 emva kokuhlaselwa kweParis ngoNovemba, ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka kwi-1.08 ye-$.
2016 - I-euro yenyuka ibe yi-$ 1.13 ngoFebruwari 11 njengoko iDow yawela kwisilungiso semarike. Kwawa ngaphezu kwe-1.11 ye-Runa ngoJuni 25. Oku kwenzeka emva komhla emva kokuba uMbuso waseUnited States uvote ukushiya i-European Union. Abahwebi bacinga ukuba ukungaqiniseki malunga nevoti kuya kunciphisa uqoqosho lwaseYurophu. Kamva, iimarike zazincipha emva kokuqonda ukuba uBrexit uya kuthatha iminyaka. Ivumela i-euro ukuba ikhule kwi $ 1.13 ngo-Agasti. Kungekudala, i-euro yawela kwi-2016 ye-$ 1.04 ephantsi kwiDisemba 20, 2016.
Ngo-2017 - Ngo-Meyi, i-euro inyuke kwi-1.09 ye-$. Abatyalomali bashiya idola i-euro ngenxa yezigwebo zokunxibelelana phakathi kolawulo lukaMongameli uTrump kunye neRashiya. Ngelo xesha ekupheleni konyaka, i-euro ikhulile i-$ 1.1979.
2018 - I-euro iqhubekile. Ngomhla kaFebruwari 15, bekuyi $ 1.25.
Amanqaku eNondyebo
Ixabiso ledoli livame ukuvumelanisa neemfuno zeeNondyebo amanqaku. Isebe leNondyebo lithengisa amanqaku ngenani elimisiweyo kunye nenani elijongene nalo. Abatyalo-mali bathenga kwi-intanethi ye-Nondye ngenani elingaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwexabiso lokujonga ubuso , kwaye banokubathengisa kwimarike yesibini. Ixabiso eliphakamileyo lithetha abatyali-mali bahlawule ngaphezu kwexabiso lomntu, kwaye bamkele isivuno esisezantsi. Ixabiso elincinci lithetha abatyali-mali bahlawula ngaphantsi kwexabiso lesantya kwaye bafumana isivuno esiphezulu. Yingakho isivuno esiphezulu sithetha i-dollar efunekayo kude kube lula ukuba isivuno siphume ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba kufuneke i-dollar idinga.
Ngaphambi ko-Ephreli 2008, isivuno sasihlala kwi-3,91 pesenti ukuya kuma-4.23 ekhulwini. Oko kwakubonisa i dollar ezinzile njengemali yehlabathi .
U-2008 - Isivuno esicatshulwa kwinqanaba eli- 10 leNondyebo liye laphuma kwi-3.57% ukuya kwi-2.93 yeepesenti (ngo-Apreli 2008-Matshi 2009), njengoko idola liphakanyisiwe. Khumbula, isivuno esiwelayo sithetha ukunyuka kwe-Treasury kunye needola.
2009 - Idola yawela njengoko isivuno senyuka ukusuka kwi-2.15% ukuya kwi-3.28 pesenti.
2010 - I dollar yomeleza, njengoko isivuno sawa sisuka kuma-3,85% ukuya kwi-2.41 pesenti (ngoJanuwari 1-Oktobha 10). Kuye kubuthathaka ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso emveliso kwiSicwangciso soLungiso lwe -2 lwe -Fed.
Ngo-2011 - I dollar yayibuthakathaka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kodwa yabuyiselwa ekupheleni konyaka. Isivuno seNqaku leNondyebo eli-10 lalingama-3.36 ekhulwini ngoJanuwari, senyukela kuma-3.75 ekhulwini ngoFebhuwari, saza sawela kwi-1,89 pesenti ngo-Disemba 30.
2012 - I dollar yomeleza kakhulu, njengoko isivuno sawela ngoJuni ukuya kuma-1,443 ekhulwini-ephantsi kweminyaka engama-200. Idola yayibuthathaka ekupheleni konyaka, njengoko isivuno senyukela kuma-1.78 ekhulwini.
Ngo-2013 - Idola liyancipha, njengoko isivuno kwiNondyebo ye-10 yeminyaka senyuka ukusuka kwi-1,86 pesenti ngoJanuwari ukuya kuma-3,04 ekhulwini ngo-Disemba 31.
2014 - Idola liqiniswe kunyaka, njengoko isivuno kwiNondyebo-mali ye-10 sehla ukusuka kuma-3.0 ekhulwini ngoJanuwari ukuya kuma-2.17 ekhulwini ngonyaka.
2015 - Idola liqiniswe ngoJanuwari, njengoko isivuno seNondyebo se-10 sonyaka sasivela kwi-2.12 pesenti ngoJanuwari ukuya kuma-1.68 ekhulwini ngoFebhuwari. Idola yayibuthathaka njengoko isivuno senyukela kuma-2.28 ekhulwini ngoMeyi. Kwaphela umnyaka kwi-2.24 pesenti.
2016 - I dollar yomeleza njengoko isivuno sasiwela kuma-1.37 ekhulwini ngoJulayi 8, 2016. I dollar inobuthathaka njengoko isivuno senyukela kuma-2.45 ekhulwini ekupheleni konyaka.
2017 - I dollar ibuthathaka njengokuba isivuno sithintela i-2.62 pesenti ngoMatshi 13. I dollar yomelela njengoko isivuno sasiwela kuma-2.05 ekhulwini ngoSeptemba 7. Isivuno senyukela kwi-2.49 ngo-Disemba 20, ekupheleni konyaka kwi-2.40.
2018 - I dollar yaqhubeka ithathaka. Ngomhla ka-Febhuwari 15, isivuno kwi-note-year-10 yayingama-2.9 ekhulwini. Abatyalomali babenenkxalabo ngokubuyela kwexabiso lentengo. (Umthombo: UNondyebo wase-US, iiRhafu zeeKharityu zeeNkxaso zeNgcaciso zeNondye.
Imali Yemali Yangaphandle
Idola ibanjwe oorhulumente belizwe langaphandle kwimali yabo. Bavusa i-dollar yokubamba imali xa bethengisa ngaphandle kokungenisa. Bafumana idola ngokuhlawulwa. Zininzi zala mazwe zifumanisa ukuba zinomdla wabo wokubambelela kwiidola kuba zigcina ixabiso lazo mali liphantsi. Ezinye zezona zikhulu zedola zase-US ziyiJapan neChina .
Njengoko idola liyancipha , ixabiso leendawo zokuhlala liyancipha. Ngenxa yoko, abazimisele ukugcina idola kwiindawo ezigcinwe kuyo. Ziyahlukahluka kwezinye iimali, ezifana ne-euro okanye i- yuan yaseTshayina . Oku kunciphisa imfuno yedola. Ibeka ingcinezelo engaphezulu kwixabiso layo.
Kulo kwikota yesithathu ka-2017 (ingxelo yamuva nje), kwakukho i-$ 6.125 trillion kumaziko angamazwe angaphandle angama-dollar. Yilo liphezulu kakhulu ubuncinane kunyaka owedlule. Iingama-64 ekhulwini zengqolowa ezilinganiselwayo. Ihla ukusuka kuma-67 ekhulwini kwi-Q3 ka-2008. Ukuhla kwehla kuthetha ukuba oorhulumente belizwe langaphandle bahambisa imali yabo yokugcina imali kwiidola. Ngexesha elifanayo, ixabiso le-euro eligcinwe kwiindawo zokugcina impahla landa ukusuka kwi-393 yezigidigidi ngonyaka we-2008 ukuya kwirekhodi ye-1.932 trillion. Oku kwenzeka nangona i- eurozone crisis . Nangona kunjalo, ukubamba i-euro kungaphantsi kwesithathu semali egcinwe kwiidola. (Umthombo: "I-COFER Table," iNgxowa-mali yeMali yamazwe ngamazwe .)
Ukubaluleka kweDola kuchaphazela njani uqoqosho lwe-US
Xa idola liqinisa, yenza izinto zaseMelika zithengise ngakumbi kwaye zincinci ngokuthelekisana neempahla eziveliswa ngaphandle. Oku kunceda ekunciphiseni ukuthunyelwa kwee-US , oko kukunciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho . Kwakhona kukhokelela ekunciphiseni amaxabiso eoli , njengoko ioli ifakwa kwiidola. Nanini xa idola liqinisa, amazwe okuvelisa i-oli anokukhupha ixabiso leoli, kuba inzuzo yeendleko kwimali yabo yendawo ayichaphazelekayo.
Ngokomzekelo, idoli ixabisa 3.75 abantu baseSaudi. Masithi umbhobho weoli ufanele u-$ 100, okwenza ukuba ufanele ama-375 aseSaudi. Ukuba idoli iqinisa iipesenti ezingama-20 ngokubhekiselele kwi-euro, ixabiso le-riyal, elijoliswe kwi-dollar, liye laphakama ngama-20 ekhulwini malunga ne-euro. Ukuthenga ama-French bowries, i-Saudis inokuhlawula ngaphantsi kweyona nto ngaphambi kokuba idola liqine . Yingakho i-Saudis ayifuni ukunciphisa ukunikezelwa njengamaxabiso eoli kuye kwafika kwi-30 engama-barrel ngo-2015. Fumana iindlela ezininzi ezikuchaphazela kwixabiso leMali .
Ixabiso leDola ngaphezulu kwexesha
Ixabiso leli dola linokufaniswa nento enokuthengwa e-United States ngaphambili. Yenza uqhathaniso kunye nexesha elidlulileyo kwixabiso leDolali leNamuhla .
Inkokhelo ekhulayo ye-US iyalimaza emva kwengqondo yabatyala-mali basemzini. Kungenxa yoko, kwixesha elide, banokuqhubeka besenza ngokuncinci ukunyuka kweedola-mali. Kuya kwenzeka ngexesha elide ukuze banganciphisi inani lezinto ezikhoyo. Ukukhusela okusemgangathweni kumntu- zimali ngumntu oyiphatfoliyo eyahlukeneyo equka imali yamanye amazwe.
Iintlobo zeNtengo yeeDola ukusuka ngo-2002 ukuya kuJulayi 2017
Ukususela ngo-2002 ukuya ku-2011, idoli yancipha. Oku kwakuyiyo yonke imilinganiselo emithathu. Enye, abatyali-mali babekhathazekile ngokukhula kwetyala le- US . Abanikazi bamanye amazwe beli tyala bahlala bexakekile ukuba i- Federal Reserve iya kuvumela ixabiso leli dola ukuba liyancipha ukwenzela ukuba ukuhlawulwa kwetyala le-US kuya kubaluleka kakhulu kwimali yabo. Inkqubo ye-Fed yokunciphisa imali iyenzela imali imali , ngaloo ndlela ivumela ukuqiniswa okwenziwe ngedola. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuba kugcinwe ixabiso lentengo. Emva kokuba iprogram iphelile, abatyali-mali babelokhu bexhalabele ukuba idola lingenza buthathaka.
Eyesibini, ityala libeka uxinzelelo kumongameli kunye neCongress ukuba ikhuphe irhafu okanye iyancipha imali. Le nkxalabo yabangela ukulandelelana . Yenza umda wokuchitha imali kunye nokunciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Abatyalomali bathunyelwa ukuba baxoshe imali ephezulu kwamanye amazwe.
Abathathu abatyali-mali basemzini banqwenela ukwahlula iiphothifoliyo zabo kunye ne-dollar engekho idola.
Phakathi ko-2011 no-2016 idola liqinisiwe. Kwakukho izizathu ezithandathu idoli yaba namandla kakhulu :
- Abatyalomali bakhathazekile ngeengxaki zemali zeGrisi . Iyanciphisa ixabiso le- euro , ukhetho lwesibini lwehlabathi lwemali yehlabathi .
- IYurophu yeYurophu yazama ukukhulisa ukukhula koqoqosho ngokunciphisa ubuncinane .
- Ngo-2015, ukulungiswa koqoqosho kwanciphisa ukukhula kweChina . Yachukumisa abahlawuli-mali kwiDola yama-US.
- Idola iyindawo yokuhlala ngexesha leengxaki zehlabathi. Abatyalomali bathenga i-US Treasurys ukukhusela ingozi njengoko ihlabathi lifumene ngokungalinganiyo ngenxa yeengxaki zemali ze-2008 kunye nokunciphisa imali .
- Nangona kukho utshintsho, i- China kunye neJapan baqhubeka bethenga idola ukuze balawulwe ixabiso leemali zabo. Kwabanceda baphuculise amazwe ngaphandle kokubenza bathengise.
- I-Federal Reserve ibonise ukuba iya kuphakamisa izinga lokunyusa imali. Yenza njalo ngo-2015. Abathengisi be-Forex basebenzisa amaxabiso aphakamileyo njengoko ama-interest rates aseYurophu anqabile. Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu, jonga ?
Ukususela ngo-2016, idola liye lancipha. Yabuya ngokufutshane emva kweBrexit, kodwa yaqhubeka inzala yayo emva kokhetho lukaMongameli uTrump.