Izindlela ezisixhenxe zeeBhanki eziPhakathi zisebenzisa iiNdawo zokuTshintshiselana kwamanye amazwe
Indlela yokuTshintshiselana kwamazwe angaphandle
Abathumeli belizwe bafaka imali yelizwe langaphandle kwiibhanki zabo zendawo. Bathumela imali kwibhanki enkulu.
Abangaphandle bahlawulwa ngamalingani abo okurhweba kwi- dollar yase-US , i- euro , okanye ezinye iirhafu. Abathengisayo batshintshiselana nabo ngemali yendawo. Basebenzisa ukuhlawula abasebenzi babo nabathengisi bendawo.
Iibhanki zikhetha ukusebenzisa imali ukuze zithenge ityala elimeleyo ngenxa yokuba lihlawula inzala encinci. Izona zifunyanwe kakhulu ziiNgxowa-mali . Kungenxa yokuba urhwebo lwangaphandle lwenziwa kwiDola yaseMelika. Kungenxa yeso simo njengemali yelizwe jikelele .
Amabhanki akwandisa ukugcinwa kweempahla ze-euro, njengezikhonkco eziphezulu zequmrhu . Oku kwaqhubeka nangona ingxaki ye-euro . Baya kubamba igolide kunye namalungelo okudweba okhethekileyo. I-asethi yesithathu naliphi na i-balance balance they have deposited with the International Monet Fund .
Injongo
Kukho iindlela ezisixhenxe zeebhanki zisebenzisa iindawo zokutshintshiselana kwamanye amazwe.
Okokuqala, amazwe asetyenzisa iimali zabo zokutshintshiselana kwamanye amazwe ukugcina ixabiso leemali zabo kwizinga elimisiweyo .
Umzekelo omhle yiTshayina , oguqula ixabiso lemali yayo, i- yuan , kwidola. Xa iChina ithengisa iidola, iphakamisa ixabiso lentela elilingana neli yuan. Oko kwenza amazwe aseTshayina angathengi ngaphezu kwempahla eyenziwe yi-Amerika, ukwandisa ukuthengisa.
Okwesibini, abo abanomlinganiselo wokutshintshiselwa kwezinga lokusebenzisa utshintshi ukugcina ixabiso labo lwemali engaphantsi kwidola.
Bakwenza oku ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo kunye nezo zenkqubo ezilinganisiweyo zendlela. Nangona imali yaseJapane , i-yen, yinkqubo ejikelezayo, iBhanki Ephakathi YaseJapan ithengisa i-US Treasury ukugcina ixabiso layo elingaphantsi kwedola. NjengeChina, oku kugcina amazwe aseJapan angathengi, athengise uqoqosho kunye nokukhula koqoqosho . Ukuthengwa kwelo hlobo lwemali kwenzeka kwiimarike zerhwebo lwangaphandle .
Ingxenye yesithathu, kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu, umsebenzi kukugcina utywala xa kwenzeka ingxaki yezoqoqosho. Ngokomzekelo, umkhukula okanye i-volcano inokumisa okwesikhashana ukuthumela amazwe angaphandle ekuveliseni iimpahla. Ukunciphisa ukunikezelwa kwemali yangaphandle ukuze kuhlawulelwe iimpahla ezizweni. Kwimeko apho, ibhanki ephakathi iyakutshintshisisa imali yayo yangaphandle kwimali yabo yangaphakathi, ivumele ukuba bahlawule kwaye bafumane ukungeniswa.
Ngokufanayo, abatyalo-mali basemzini baya kuhluthwa xa ilizwe lilwa nemfazwe, ukuxoshwa kwamasosha, okanye ukunye ukuzithemba. Bayihoxisa iipositi zabo kwiibhanki zelizwe, kudala ukungabikho kwemali emininzi yangaphandle. Oku kuhlawula ixabiso lemali yasekuhlaleni kuba abantu abancinci bayifunayo. Oko kwenza ukuba amazwe angene kwixabiso eliphezulu, ukudala ukunyuka kwamaxabiso .
Ibhanki ephambili inika imali yangaphandle ukuze kugcinwe iimarike. Kwakhona ithengisa imali yasekuhlaleni ukuze ixhase ixabiso layo kwaye ikhusele ukunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Oku kuqinisekisa abatyalo-mali basemzini, ababuyela kwizoqoqosho.
Isizathu sesine kukuba kunike ithemba. Ibhanki ephakamileyo iqinisekisa abatyalo-mali bamanye amazwe ukuba sele ukulungele ukuthatha inyathelo ukukhusela utyalo-mali. Kuza kuthintela ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza ekukhuselekeni nasekulahlekelweni kwemali kwilizwe. Ngaloo ndlela, isikhundla esomeleleyo kwimithombo yeemali zangaphandle singakwazi ukukhusela iingxaki zezoqoqosho ezibangelwa xa isiganeko senza ukubaleka kwinqanaba.
Eyesishiyagalolunye, iindawo zokugcina zihlala zifunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilizwe liya kufeza izibophelelo zalo zangaphandle. Ezi zibandakanya izibophelelo zokuhlawula ngamazwe, kubandakanywa namatyala alawulwayo. Ziquka ukuxhaswa kwemali yokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokukwazi ukufumana nayiphi na imfucuza yeengxowa-mali ezingalindelekanga.
Eyesithandathu, amanye amazwe asebenzisa izibonelelo zabo ukuxhasa amacandelo, njengezakhiwo. I-China, ngokomzekelo, isetyenzisile inxalenye yendawo yokugcina i-forex yokubuyisela kwakhona ezinye zeebhanki zayo.
Ngesixhenxe, iibhanki eziphambili zifuna ukukhulisa imbuyekezo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukhuseleko. Bayazi indlela engcono yokwenza oko kukudibanisa iiphothifoliyo zabo . Yingakho bahlala bephethe igolide kunye nezinye izityalo-mali ezikhuselekileyo, ezithatha inzala.
Izikhokelo
Zingaphi iindleko ezaneleyo? Kancinci, amazwe anele ukuhlawula iinyanga ezintathu ukuya ezintandathu zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Oko kuvimbela ukusweleka kokutya, umzekelo.
Esinye isikhokelo kukufumana okwaneleyo ukuhlawula iintlawulo zeentyala zelizwe kunye nokulahleka kweeakhawunti zangoku kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezizayo. Ngo-2015, iGrisi yayikwazi ukwenza oku. Kwaye wasebenzisa izibonelelo zayo kunye ne-IMF ukwenza inkokhelo yentlawulo kwiBhanki Ephakathi YaseYurophu. Inkokheli enkulu yeGrike yamaGrike eyabakhokelela kukhokelela ekuhlaleni kwetyala leGrike .
Izwe
Amazwe aneentengiso ezinkulu kunazo zonke ziindawo ezikhuselekileyo zakwamanye amazwe. Kungenxa yokuba bavusa i-dollar yokubamba imali ngenxa yokuba bayithumela ngaphandle kokungenisa. Bafumana idola ngokuhlawulwa.
Nazi amazwe anelungelo elingaphezulu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-100 ukusuka ngoDisemba 2017:
| Izwe | Izibonelelo (kwiibhiliyoni) | I ntengiso |
|---|---|---|
| KwiChina | $ 3,194.0 | Iimveliso zabaThengi, iinxalenye. |
| Japhan | $ 1,233.0 (2016) | Ngokuzenzekelayo, iinxalenye, iimveliso zabathengi. |
| udibano lwaseyurophu | $ 740.9 (2014) | Amashishini, izixhobo, i-autos. |
| Swizalend | $ 679.3 (2016) | Iinkonzo zemali. |
| ISaudi Arabia | $ 509.0 | Ioli. Zibuhlungu ngamanani aphantsi. |
| ETaiwan | $ 468.1 | Amashishini, i-electronics. |
| Rhashiya | $ 418.5 | Gesi yendalo, ioli. Zibuhlungu ngezohlwayo |
| Indiya | $ 407.2 | Tech, ukukhishwa ngaphandle |
| ehong Kong | $ 328.5 | Imishini yombane, isambatho. |
| Brazil | $ 377.1 | Ioli, iimveliso. |
| emaznstie ekorea | $ 374.8 | IWindows. |
| Singapho | $ 266.3 | Abathengi ngekhompyutha, i-tech. |
| Thayilendi | $ 193.5 | Electronics, ukutya. |
| Mekhsikho | $ 189.2 | Ioli. Zibuhlungu ngamanani aphantsi. |
| Jemani | $ 185.3 (2016) | Autos. |
| Umphakathi waseCzech | $ 161.0 | Autos, u matshini. |
| Fransi | $ 146.8 (2016) | Amashishini, iimoto. |
| ElamaTaliyane | $ 136.0 (2016) | Iimveliso ezibonisiweyo, isambatho |
| iunited Kingdom | $ 135.0 (2016) | Iimveliso ezenziweyo, iikhemikhali. |
| Iran | $ 135.5 | Ioli ngenxa yezinto zenyukliya. |
| Indoneshiya | $ 106.5 | Ioli, ioli yama palm. |
| eunited States | $ 117.6 (2016) | Iinqwelo, iimashishini zoshishino. |
| Pholend | US $ 115.0 | Amashishini, isinyithi kunye nentsimbi. |
| Sirayeli | $ 133.0 | I-Aviation, tech tech. |
| ikarikuni | $ 107.5 | Ngokuzenzekelayo, isambatho. |
(Umthombo: "iLibrary Data," i-IMF. "Iimali zeMali yaseKhaya kunye neGolide," i-CIA World Factbook. "Izwe eliphumayo," i-CIA World Factbook.)
Ekujuleni: Iindlela ezintathu zokulinganisa ixabiso leDola Ixabiso leMali | Ixabiso leDolali yanamhlanje ... Amandla e-US Dollar | I-Euro ukuya kwi-Dollar Conversion | Indlela uRhulumente alawula ngayo iiRhafu zoTshintsho