Izizathu ezi-3 zokuba Ubulungu be-WTO bubaluleke kakhulu
Kukho amalungu angama-164 we- World Trade Organization . Yiyo engama-84 ekhulwini kumazwe angama-196 ehlabathini. Bajoyina ukufumana inzuzo yolhwebo olukhulu lwamazwe ngamazwe olunikezwe yi-WTO.
Izinzuzo zobulungu beWTO
I-WTO inceda ukurhweba kwihlabathi lonke ngokukhawuleza ngokuvumelana nezivumelwano zorhwebo . Amalungu e-WTO ayazi ukuba imigaqo yintoni. Baqonda izigwebo ngokuphula imithetho. Bayazi indlela yokudlala umdlalo wezorhwebo lomhlaba wonke.
Ngaloo ndlela, kudala indawo yokuthengisa ekhuselekileyo kuwo wonke umntu.
I-WTO inika amalungu ayo ngendlela efanelekileyo yokulungisa iingxabano zorhwebo. Akunakuze bathathe ulwalamlo okanye imfazwe. Indlela i-WTO isombulula ngayo iingxabano zorhwebo kubalulekile. Ithintela ukukhuselwa kwezorhwebo, isenzo esilinda ukukhula koqoqosho.
I-WTO ixoxisana nokuhlelwa kwamalungiselelo ezohwebo phakathi kwamalungu ayo. Ingqungquthela yayo yongqungquthela yakutshanje yenzeke eBali. Isivumelwano esikhulu kunazo zonke siza kuba yi- Doha Round of Trade Talks . Yehlulekile kuba i-United States ne-Yurophu ayengathandi ukunciphisa inkxaso-mali.
Ubulungu kwakhona bunciphisa iindleko zokwenza ishishini ngokususa ukungazinzi . Ezi zinzuzo eziqhelekileyo zandisa onke amalungu.
Izinzuzo ezintathu ezicacileyo
I-WTO inika iintlawulo ezintathu ezizodwa kuwo wonke amalungu ayo. Ezi nzuzo zizodwa zivumela iinzuzo eziqhelekileyo ezikhankanywe ngaphambili.
Okokuqala, i-WTO inika ilungu ngalinye lizwe elithandwayo , elithetha ukuba amalungu e-WTO kufuneka aphathane ngokufanayo.
Abanikeli nzuzo ekhethekileyo yorhwebo kunaliphi ilungu elinye ngaphandle kokunika bonke.
Okwesibini, amalungu e-WTO aneemingcipheko zorhwebo eziphantsi komnye nomnye. Ezi ziquka intlawulo , ukungenisa iimpepha, kunye nemimiselo. Izithintelo zorhwebo ezincinci zivumela amalungu ekuthengiseni iimpahla ezinkulu. Iimakethe ezinkulu zikhokelela ekuthengiseni okukhulu, imisebenzi emininzi kunye nokukhula koqoqosho ngokukhawuleza.
Okwesithathu, malunga neyesibini kwizithathu zamalungu e-WTO ngamazwe athuthukayo . Ubulungu babo bubafumana ngokukhawuleza kwiimarike eziphuhlisiweyo kwizinga eliphantsi lokuhlawula. Oku kubanika ithuba lokufumana iinkampani ezinobungcali kunye namafama abo avuthiweyo. Akunakudityanisi ukususa iintlawulo zeemali kwiimarike zabo kude kube kamva. Oko kuthetha ukuba amazwe asathuthukayo akufuneki ukuba avule ngokukhawuleza iimarike zawo ukuze kubekho uxinzelelo olukhulu lokuncintisana.
Amalungu angama-30 e-WTO ahlukaniswe ngamazwe angancinci athuthukileyo okanye ii-LDC. Izibonelelo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo zimeko kumazwe aphantsi okufumana umvuzo okhuselekileyo ekukhuleni koqoqosho oluzinzileyo. I-UN nezinye i-arhente zinika uncedo olongezelelweyo ekuphuhliseni nasekurhwebeni.
Xanduva
Ubulungu kwi-WTO buza noxanduva. Amalungu avuma ukuphepha izithintelo zorhwebo kwaye ahlale esisombululo se-WTO nayiphi na ingxabano. Oko kuvimbela imfazwe yokubuyisela. Ezi zithintelo zorhwebo zithintela amazwe ngamazwe kwithuba elifutshane kodwa zonakalisa urhwebo lwehlabathi kwixesha elide. Olu hlobo lokukhuselwa kwezorhwebo, eqinisweni, lwalubuhlungu ngakumbi ukuCaluleka okukhulu kowe-1929 . Njengoko urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwancipha, amazwe ayefuna ukukhusela amashishini asekhaya. Bakha izithintelo zorhwebo.
Ezi zidale ukuhla kwehla. Ngenxa yoko, urhwebo lwehlabathi ludla ngeepesenti ezingama-25.
Amalungu e-WTO ngeCandelo
I-WTO inamalungu alungu angama-76. Baqala umbutho ngoJanuwari 1, 1995.
I-Asia inamalungu ayisithupha e-LDC. Baye baseAfghanistan, eBangladesh, eCambodia, eLaos, eMyanmar naseNepal. Amalungu ayo asekelwe yiBahrain, Bangladesh, eBrunei, eHong Kong, eIndiya , e-Indonesia, eJapan , eKorea, e-Kuwait, e-Macao, e-Malaysia, eMyanmar, ePakistan, ePhilippines, eSingapore naseThailand.
Amanye amalungu alo yiArmenia, i-China, i-Georgia, i-Israel, i-Jordan, i-Kazakhstan, i-Kyrgyz Republic, i-Maldives, i-Mongolia, i-Oman, iPapua eNew Guinea, i-Qatar, iRashiya , i-Samoa, i-Saudi Arabia, i-Sri Lanka, i-Taipei, i-Tajikistan, i-Turkey, i-United Arab Emirates , IViet Nam kunye neYemen.
I-Afrika inamalungu amaninzi amiselweyo angancinci. I-Angola, iBenin, iBurkina Faso, iBurundi, iRiphabhliki yaseCentral Afrika, iChada, iRomania iRiphabhliki yaseDemocratic Republic, i-Djibouti, iGambia, i-Guinea, i-Guinea-Bissau, iLesotho, iLiberia, iMadagascar, iMalawi, iMali, i-Mauritania, iMozambique, iNigeria, iRwanda, iSenegal , ISierra Leone, iTanzania, iTogo kunye ne-Uganda.
Amalungu ayo asekelwe yiCote d'Ivoire, eKenya, eMauritius, eMorocco, eNamibia, eSenegal, eMzantsi Afrika, eSwazini, eTanzania nase-Uganda.
Amanye amalungu ayo yiBotswana, eCameroon, eCongo Republic, eJiputa, eGabon, eGhana, eNiger, eSychelles, eTunisia, eZambia naseZimbabwe.
IYurophu inamalungu aseWTO asisiseko. I-Austria, iBelgium, i- Jamani , iGrithani, iFransi, iJamani , iGrisi, iHungary, iIceland , iIreland, iItali, i-Luxembourg, i-Malta, i-Netherlands, iNorway, iPortugal, iRomania, iRiphablikhi yaseSlovak, iSweden ne-United Kingdom. Ukongeza, i- European Union yilungu elisekayo.
Amanye amalungu alo yiAlbania, iBulgaria, iCroatia, iSyprus, i-Estonia, iLatvia, iLichtenstein, iLithuania, iMakedoniya, iMoldova, iMontenegro, iPoland, iSlovenia, iSpain, iSwitzerland ne-Ukraine.
I-Central kunye neNyakatho yeMerika inelungu elilodwa le-LDC: iHaiti. Amalungu ayo asekwase-Antigua naseBarbuda, eBarbados, eBelize, eCanada, eCosta Rica, eDominica, eHonduras, eMexico , eSaint Lucia, eSaint Vincent naseGrenadines, nase-United States.
Amanye amalungu ayo ahlala eCape Verde, eCuba, eRiphabliki yaseRominican, e-El Salvador, eGrenada, eGuatemala, eJamaica, eNicaragua, ePanama, eStatts and Nevis, naseTrinidad naseTobago.
I-Oceana inamazwe amabini e-LDC: i- Solomon Islands neVanuatu. Ilungu layo elisekwaseOstreliya. Amanye amathathu amalungu eFiji, eNew Zealand naseTonga.
UMzantsi Melika akanalo amalungu e-LDC. Amalungu ayo asekwaseArgentina, eBrazil, eChile, eParaguay, ePeru, e-Uruguay naseVenezuela. Amalungu ayo ngamalungu eBolivia, eColombia, e-Ecuador, eGuyana naseSuriname.
Malungu eWTO Amalungu
I-WTO ineqela elibizwa ngokuba nguMlindeli . La mazwe angama-20 afake isicelo sokuba ngamalungu. Ngaphandle kweVatican, baneminyaka emihlanu yokugqiba inkqubo. Indlela ilizwe liba ilungu le-WTO lixhomekeke ekubeni ikhono likarhulumente walo uxoxisana nenkqubo yesinyathelo esithandathu.
Amalungu alindelekileyo yiAlgeria, i-Andorra, i-Azerbaijan, i-Bahamas, i-Belarus, iBhutan, i-Bosnia ne-Herzegovina, i-Comoros, i-Equatorial Guinea, i-Ethiopia, i-Iran, i-Iraq, iLebhanon, i-Libya, i-Sao Tome ne-Principe, iSerbia, iSudan, iSiriya, i-Uzbekistan kunye IVatican.
Amazwe ngaphandle kwe-WTO
Amazwe alishumi elinesibini awawona malungu kwaye awazange afake isicelo sokuba ngamalungu. Ziyi-Eritrea, i-Kiribati, i-Marshall Islands, i-Micronesia, i-Monaco, iNauru, iNorth Korea, iPalau, iSan Marino, iSomalia, iSouth Sudan, iTurkmenistan kunye neTuvalu.