Ukuphuhlisa ukuhlelwa kwelizwe
Amazwe abonwa ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuba ama-LDC abizwa ngokuba ngamazwe athuthukileyo , ngelixa iindawo ezincinci ziyaziwa njengamazwe angaphantsi kwezoqoqosho (ii-LEDCs) okanye iimarike zomhlaba . Nangona le migomo ibe yinto yokugxeka, ihlala isetyenziswa kwizijikelezo ezininzi, kubandakanywa nabatyalomali bamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe.
Ulwahlulo lwelizwe
Amazwe athuthukayo ahlala phantsi ngezantsi "kumazwe athuthukile" nangaphezulu "amazwe angaphantsi kwezoqoqosho." Amazwe athuthukisiwe ngamazwe anamaqoqosho anokukhula okukhuselekileyo nokukhuseleko xa ebheka umkhiqizo wekhaya opheleleyo, ingeniso yemali kunye nomgangatho jikelele wokuphila, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Imizekelo ibandakanya iMelika kunye neYurophu yaseNtshona.
Amazwe angaphantsi koqoqosho aphuhlisiwe (ii-LEDCs) ngamazwe abonakalisa izalathisi eziphantsi kakhulu zophuhliso loluntu. Ngokutsho komgangatho weZizwe eziManyeneyo, la mazwe anemivuzo ephantsi, ubuthathaka babantu kunye nobuthathaka boqoqosho olubandakanya ubutyebi obuthathaka okanye ukufuduka kwabantu.
Ngenxa yoko, ezi zithatha ukutyalo-mali-mali ngenxa yokuba kukho izinga eliphezulu lokungaqiniseki, kodwa zifanelekile kwiipotifoliyo ezihlukeneyo.
Uphuhliso loPhuhliso
Amaziko alinganisa izinga lokuphuhliswa kwelizwe ngeendlela ezininzi, kwaye akusiyo isayensi ngqo. Nangona iZizwe eziManyeneyo zinemihlangano embalwa yokwahlula phakathi kwamazwe "aphuhlisiwe" kunye "nokuphuhlisa", iBhanki yehlabathi yenza ukuchaneka ngokukhethekileyo kusetyenziswe imali engenayo yelizwe (GNI) nganye, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuhlalutya zingasetyenziselwa ezinye izitshixo zokuhlalutya.
Inkcazelo yeNgxowa-mali yeZizwe ngeziMali (IMF) idlalwa ukuba iyona ndlela epheleleyo kunokuba iqwalasele ingeniso yenkcitho nganye, ukungafani kwemveliso, kunye nezinga lokudibanisa kwinkqubo yemali yehlabathi.
Ngo-2011, intlangano yashicilele ingxelo yophando malunga nesihloko sokuphuhliswa okubizwa ngokuthi " Ukwahlulelwa kwamazwe ngokusukela kwiNqanaba labo loPhuhliso " oluchaza iindlela zalo zokulungisa izinga lokuphuhliswa kwelizwe.
I-Bhanki yehlabathi inendlela echanekileyo ngakumbi njengoko ibona amazwe anemali engenayo engaphantsi kwe-US $ 12,275 njengamazwe "aphuhlisayo". Kodwa intlangano ikwahlula la mazwe asathuthukayo kwiiklasi ezininzi zengeniso, ukusuka kumvuzo ophantsi ukuya kumazwe aphezulu angeniso-mali, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ezinye iindawo ezimnyama eziza kuluqwalasela.
Amazwe aKwazisa ngokuqhelekileyo
Imibutho eyahlukeneyo isebenzisa amanyathelo ahlukeneyo ukucacisa ukuba iinkampani zihlelwa njani, kodwa iimbonakaliso ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo zivela kumxube. Ngokomzekelo, i- BRICS ebizwa ngokuba yi- BRICS ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengamazwe athuthukayo kwaye iquka iBrazil, iRashiya, i-Indiya, i-China kunye ne-Afrika, kodwa imizekelo yelizwe eliqhelekileyo elikhulayo lihamba ngaphesheya kweemarike ezivelayo.
Amanye amazwe avela kwiintlobo zamazwe asakhulayo afaka oku okulandelayo:
- Ajentina
- Tshile
- Maleyishiya
- Mekhsikho
- Phakistan
- Iiphilippines
- Thayilendi
- ikarikuni
- Yukreyini
Ukutshala imali kumazwe athuthukayo
Unokutshala imali kumazwe asathuthuka ngokulula ngeemali zokuthengiselana ngemali (ETFs) ezijoliswe kwiimarike ezikhulayo . Nangona la matyala engakhuselekanga njengale mazwe aphuhlisiwe ngenxa yokuba ayenzileyo, athambekele ekubeni namazinga aphezulu okubuyela emva kwexesha elide, ngenxa yokuba uqoqosho lophuhliso lukhula ngokukhawuleza kunokuba luphuhliswe.
Oku kwenza ukuba libe yingxenye ebalulekileyo kwipotfoliyo ye-investor, ngokukodwa ukuba ngaba lixesha elide.
Inzuzo yesibini yale marike ekhulayo ihamba ngokungafaniyo , leyo eyenza umngcipheko wokutyalomali utyalwe ukwenzela ukuba ukuboniswa kuyo nayiphi na ifom yexabiso.
Iimarike ezikhulayo zibonelela abatyali-mali ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo ezivela kumashishini asekhaya nakwamanyathelo athuthukileyo athengisa ingxelo kwiininzi zepotfoliyo.
Ngokomzekelo, ii-iShares iMSCI eziMakethe eziPhakamileyo ze-ETF (i-EEM) ine-coefficient ye-0.5619 nje kuphela xa kuthelekiswa ne-SPDR S & P 500 ETF (SPY) phakathi kukaJanuwari 2004 noJulayi 2017.
Ezinye ii-ETF ezidumileyo zentengiso ziquka:
- iShares MSCI Iimveliso zeeNkcazo zeeNkcazo ze-ETF (i-EEM).
- IiVanguard zeMSCI eziMakethe eziPhakamileyo ze-ETF (VWO).
- I-BLDRS Iimakethi eziPhakamileyo ze-50 ADR Inkcazelo ye-ETF (ADRE).
- I-SPDR S & P iMakethe yeMerging ETF (GMM).
Ngaphandle koko, abatyali-mali banokuthenga amaRiphablikhi aseDamerican Receipts (ADRs) ngokurhweba kwi-US exchanges ukuze bakwazi ukufumana lula iinkampani ezithile kula mazwe asakhulayo. Ukugcina iipotifoliyo ezahlukahlukeneyo kumazwe amaninzi aphuhlisayo kunokubonelela ngeepotifoliyo ezinkulu, ezahlukahlukeneyo zamazwe ngamazwe.
Abo bafuna ukubuyisela ngakumbi ukubuyisela kwakhona banokuqwalasela ukuthenga i-stock kwintengiso yezangaphandle, nangona oku kubandakanya ukuhlawula okuthe ngqo kunye nemingcipheko yokulawula.
Ngaphantsi
Abatyalo-mali bathanda ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuhlalutya ukuze kube lula ukwenza inkqubo yokutyalomali. Xa kuziwa kwimimandla yehlabathi, amazwe asathuthukayo ngamazwe angazange afumane ukukhula, nangona kukho uluhlu olubanzi lweenkcazelo ezahlukeneyo. Abatyalomali bamazwe ngamazwe bafuna ukuqaphela le miqobo efanelekileyo xa bevavanya umngcipheko kunye nokubuya kwabo kwiphothifoliyo yabo.