Umgaqo-nkqubo weMali kunye neMali-mali: Yintoni eyahlukileyo?

Indlela iPolisi neNkqubo yeMali ithintela ngayo uqoqosho

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ube ngowona hlobo oluthandwa kakhulu lwezoqoqosho ukususela ngoxinzelelo lwezezimali ka - 2008 . Iibhanki eziphambili zinciphisa iirhafu zenzalo ukukhuthaza ibhanki ukuboleka kunye nomboleki. Xa ezo zicwangciso zingaphumeleli, iibhanki eziphambili zaqalisa iinkqubo zokunciphisa izinto ezibandakanya ukuthenga impahla ephazamisayo okanye iibhondi zikaRhulumente ukwenzela ukwandisa inani lemali ekuhambeni nasekuphumezeni iziphumo ezifanayo.

Ukuvuselelwa kwezemali kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu kuburhulumente abaninzi banciphisa imali kunye nokunyusa irhafu. Nangona kukho impikiswano eninzi ngesihloko, akungabazeki ukuba ukuchitha imali kunye neerhafu eziphezulu kubangela ukukhula kancinci kwezoqoqosho. Le migudu ingayinciphisa iinjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ngokunciphisa nayiphi na intuthuko. Abanye bezoqoqosho bekholelwa ukuba yilokho uqoqosho loqoqosho lwehlabathi luhlulekile ukufumana ngokucacileyo emva kwengxaki ye-2008.

Kule ngqaku, siza kujonga ukuchasana okuphambili phakathi kwezi ndlela kunye nendlela enokudibaniswa ngayo nesiphumo sokwenza uqoqosho olusebenzayo.

Imida yeMgaqo-mali

Injongo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kukulawula ukunikezelwa kwemali ukukhuthaza umsebenzi ozinzile, amaxabiso kunye nokukhula koqoqosho. Ngenxa yokuba ayikwazi ukulawula ngqo uqoqosho, kukho imida kumandla wemigaqo-mali yokufikelela ezi njongo.

Umgibe wecala uvela xa iinzame zebhanki eziphambili zokufaka inkunkuma kwi-economically inokusilela ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wenzalo kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kwenzeka xa abantu beqala ukugcina imali kunokuba bachithe kwizinto kunye neenkonzo. Ezi zenzo zivame ukunyusa amazinga omyinge wexeshana ukuya kutsho njengamaxabiso omthengi ahlala ehleli. Xa oku kwenzeka, iibhanki eziphambili zinemigaqo embalwa yemigaqo-nkqubo yemali eyishiywe ukulwa nombandela.

Ukuchaswa kwenzeka xa izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso liwela ngaphantsi kwe-zero kwaye lwandise inani lexabiso langempela kwixesha. Ekubeni amaxabiso awela, abathengi bathambekele ekugcineni imali engaphezulu kunye nokunyusa ingxaki kwixesha ekuthiwa yi-deflationary spiral. Ukuchaswa kwandisa ukwanda kwenene kwetyala kwaye kunokukhokelela ekutyekeni kwezoqoqosho njengoko amashishini kunye nabathengi bezama ukuhlawula imali kunye nokugxininisa imali yokugcina imali kunye nentlawulo-mali.

Ukuxhaswa kwezeMali kunye noHlabathi

Injongo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ukulungisa utshintshi karhulumente kunye neerhafu zentlawulo ukukhuthaza ezininzi iinjongo ezifana nemigaqo-mali-uqoqosho oluzinzile nolusakhulayo. Njengomgaqo-mali, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kuphela awukwazi ukulawula ulawulo loqoqosho.

Ukunyuswa kwezemali kukunyuka kwenkcitho karhulumente okanye ukudluliselwa ekukhuthazeni ukukhula koqoqosho. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukwanda kwendleko kukhulisa izinga lokukhula kwetyala likarhulumente nethemba lokuba uphuculo lwezoqoqosho luya kunceda ukuzalisa isithuba. Oorhulumente abenza ukukhuthaza uqoqosho nabo banokugqiba isigqibo sokunciphisa iirhafu zerhafu ukufaka imali engaphezulu kwiipokethi zamashishini kunye nabathengi ukukhuthaza ukuchitha imali.

Ulungelelaniso luyinkqubo eyahlukileyo apho urhulumente anciphisa ukuchitha imali kunye nokwandisa irhafu ukwenzela ukunciphisa amatyala kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wezimali.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kubangela ukunciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho njengoko abathengi kunye namashishini achitha imali eninzi kwiirhafu kwaye athembele ngaphantsi kwiiprojekthi zikaRhulumente okanye imisebenzi njengenzuzo yengeniso. Ezi nyathelo zivame ukumiselwa ngabathengi bamatyala abathathu befuna ukuqinisekisa ukuhlawulwa kwetyala.

Impikiswano kwiiNkqubo

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ngezinye iinkqubo usebenza ngokuchasene nomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali, ngokukodwa ngamaxesha okungaqiniseki okukhulu koqoqosho. Emva kokuhla kwezoqoqosho, iibhanki eziphambili zizama ukukhuthaza uqoqosho ngokwenza imali efikeleleke ngakumbi kubathengi nakwamashishini. Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ungathatha indlela eyahlukeneyo ngokuthi uhlaziye kwiinkcitho zikaRhulumente kunye nokwandisa irhafu, okunokwenzakalisa ngokwenene ukusetyenziswa kwemicimbi yabathengi kunye nokunciphisa nayiphi na imiphumo yokukhula.

Oorhulumente banokuthatha ezi zenzo ukuphucula iimali zikawonkewonke okanye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamabhanki asemhlabeni kunye nababoleki .

Ngokomzekelo, iGrisi yaphoqeleka ukuba ihlawulwe ngamatyala abo baseYurophu, okuye kwagqitywa ngokukhawuleza ixabiso lokukhula kwalo. Oku kwachasene noko-kwaye ekugqibeleni kwaxothwa-inqubomgomo yezinga eliphantsi lentengo ye-Yurophu yaseYurophu eyazama ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwi-Eurozone.

Uninzi lwezoqoqosho lugunyazisa ukuba kuhlanganiswe umgaqo-nkqubo wokwanda kwemali kunye nemali-mali ukuxhasa ngokwenene ukukhula.

Ngaphantsi

Umgaqo-mali wezemali kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali yizona zixhobo ezithandwayo kakhulu ekukhuthazeni uqoqosho olusempilweni. Nangona le migaqo ineenjongo ezifanayo, ayisoloko isebenza ngendlela efanayo. Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali unokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho ngokwezinga elincinci lentengo , kodwa umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ungabinciphisa ukukhula ngokweentela eziphezulu kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zentlalo - kwaye le migudu ingagqiba ukukhansela ngaphandle.