Ukujonga indlela Inkqubo yeMali echaphazela ngayo iPortfolio yakho
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ubhekisele kwiindlela zobubhanki eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo ukulawula ukubonelelwa kwemali, ukususela ekubekeni iirhafu zemali ekuthengeni impahla ephazamisayo. Uninzi lweebhanki eziphambili emhlabeni jikelele kufuneka zisebenzise ezo zakhono ukulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso nokuhlengahlengiswa, kodwa ezinye izigunyaziso ziye zanda ukuba zibandakanye izinto ezifana nokulawula izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi (kwimeko ye-US Federal Reserve).
Ezinye iinjongo eziqhelekileyo zomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali zi:
- Uzinzo lwexabiso (umz. Wokunyuka kwamaxabiso / ukuchaswa kwexabiso)
- Ukukhula koqoqosho (umz.
- UkuShintshulwa kweShishini (umz. Ukuzithoba okuphantsi kunye nezinye iirhafu)
- Ingqesho epheleleyo (umz.
Iiprogram zeNkqubo zeMali
Iibhanki eziphambili zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphumeza iinjongo zabo nokulawula imali yokunikezelwa kwemali. Izindlela eziqhelekileyo eziqeshwe ngamabhanki aphakathi yimisebenzi yemarike evulekileyo eyenzelwe ukuchaphazela isantya semali ye-federal kwimarike yemali ye-federal-indawo apho amabhanki agcina okanye aboleka imali efunekayo yokugcina imali ukuze ahlale ehambelana nemimiselo yeebhanki.
Ukuvulwa kwemisebenzi yeemakethe kuthonya amaxabiso omdla kula ma marike ngokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso zoburhulumente. Ukuthenga iziqinisekiso zoburhulumente kubangela ukunyuka kwemali kwiibhanki, ezinokubambisa imali eyongezelelweyo kwezinye iibhanki kunye nemilinganiselo ephantsi. Okuphambene nenyaniso ukuba amanyathelo karhulumente aze aqale ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso zoburhulumente, athathe imali kwi-market.
Nangona ezi ndlela zingaphathisa inzala, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali wanamhlanje uphathelene nezinye iindlela zokulwa nemibandela xa isantya semali sele sephantsi. Ezi zixhobo zemigaqo-mali zibizwa ngokuthi "umgaqo-mali wezemali".
Imizekelo emibini yakutshanje kwezi zixhobo zibandakanya:
- Ukuchithwa kwamaxabiso - Ukuthengwa kweempahla zezimali ngqo kwiibhanki zorhwebo nakwamanye amaziko abucala kunye nemali esandul 'ukudala ukuze ijobe inani lemali elinqunywe ngaphambili kwezoqoqosho ngokuthe ngqo.
- Iirejista zokuHlola eziTshintshileyo - Ukutshintshwa kwetyala okanye ezinye izinto eziphathwe ngamabhanki aphakathi kwithuba elifutshane ukuya kwixesha elide, okanye ixesha elide kwixesha elifutshane, ixesha lokukhula ukwenzela ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa inani lemali ekhoyo kwizoqoqosho.
Umgaqo-mali weMali kunye nabaTyalo-mali
Abanini-zimali abaninzi bayazi imigaqo-mali yemali engcono kwimiphumo yaso ngokuthe ngqo kwi-market. Ngokomzekelo, ezi zintathu zokujikeleza kokunciphisa okwenziwe phakathi kuka-2008 no-2012 zakhokelela kwimibutho emakethe yeemarike ezinkulu emva kokufakwa. Izithabathaba zenzalo ezantsi zinceda ukuphuhlisa uqoqosho ngokwenza imali engabizi ngaphantsi, ngelixa ufana nokwenza imali-mboleko yokuthenga izithenkethi kwixabiso elincinci.
Ngaphandle kwezi mphumo eziphambili, inzuzo yemigaqo-mali-ingakumbi umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali-engavunyelwanga - ixutyushwa kakhulu ngabachumi. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaninzi abahlala umhlalaphantsi abahlala kwiipenshini okanye imali yokugcina imali bachaphazeleka kakubi ngenxa yentlawulo yemali ephantsi ngenxa yokuba banamalungelo okufumana imali. Abo baxhasa umgaqo-mali wezemali baphikisana neenzuzo ezigqithiseleyo ezi ndleko.
Kwakhona kukho nenani leebhanki eziphambili zebhanki kwihlabathi. Ngokomzekelo, e-Argentina, uCristina Fernandez waseKirchner ulawulo lwakhe lwagxeka kakhulu uqoqosho lwehlabathi ukusetyenziswa kweendawo zokuhlala zebhanki eziphambili ekuxhaseni iiprogram zentlalo, ngelixa ibhanki ihlulekile ukuba nexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso elihlala lixinzeleleke kwiinkcukacha ezininzi.
Izaziso zeMali yeMali
Abatyalomali banokufaka imali kwiinqununu zemigaqo-mali ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezibonelelwa ngamanzi. Okwangoku, izikhombisi ezikhokelayo zingaba neengcebiso malunga nezigqibo zomgaqo-mali wexesha elizayo, njenge-Index of Managers 'Indexes (PMI) kunye / okanye iiNkcukacha zeeNtengo zabathengi (CPI), ezinokubonelela ngempilo yezoqoqosho kunye nexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso / ukuchithwa kwexabiso.
Ukufumana izigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo weemali yinto yokujonga kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo:
- US Federal Reserve
- IBhanki yaseJapan
- Ibhanki yaseNgilani
- KwiBhanki ePhambili yeYurophu
Kwaye ezinye zeziganeko eziphambili zokubukela emhlabeni jikelele:
- ECB M3 Imali Yenkxaso
- I-BOE MPC Amaminithi
- Iingxelo zeNgcaciso zeRBA
- UmNyango weMali we-SNB
- Izaziso ze-RBNZ
- I-US Fed Beige Book
- Amaminithi eFed Fed e-US
- I-BOJ MPB Minutes
Ngokubanzi abatyali-mali bezizwe bajonge iikhombisi ezihamba phambili ukucacisa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo weemali unokutshintsha njani kwaye uhlengahlengise iipotifoliyo zazo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngokomzekelo, iinzame zokunciphisa umlinganiselo wenzalo zingenza amaxabiso afumaneke ngakumbi xa ukwanda kwamazinga enzala kungenza izibophelelo zikhangeleke. Le migaqo-nkqubo ingabonakalisa nempilo yoqoqosho jikelele.