Iintlawulo zeTrump zizalisa inkqubo ye-WTO
Abasebenzi baya kuphanda ukuba babone ukuba ukuphulwa kweemvumelwano ezininzi zenzeke.
Abasebenzi be-WTO baqale ukuzama ukulungisa iingxabano ngokubonisana. Ukususela ngo-1995, amalungu aye afake iingxabano ezingaphezu kwe-500. Kuphela malunga nesithathu okufuneka ukuba ihlaziywe yiphaneli ngaphambi kokuba ixazululwe. Uninzi lwazo lwaluhlelwe "ngaphandle kwenkundla" okanye kusekho kwinkqubo yokubonisana. Ngenxa yoko, kuphela izigwebo ezisemthethweni ezingama-350 ezifunekayo ukuba zikhutshwe. I-WTO inikezela uludwe lwexesha leemeko zengxabano.
Akumangalisi ukuba iUnited States ibe ngummangali okanye ummangalelwa malunga nesiqingatha seengxabano ze-WTO. I-Ofisi ye-Representative Trade United States ibonisa iUnited States kwezi ziko. Njengoko uqoqosho lwe-China lukhula, lubandakanyeka kwiingxabano ezininzi zorhwebo.
Inzuzo yenkqubo yeNkqubo ye-WTO inqanda imiphumo emibi yokukhuselwa kwezorhwebo . Yilapho amazwe aphindiselela ukulahla kwelizwe elikhubekileyo, iintlawulo okanye inkxaso-mali ngokwenza okufanayo okanye ngaphezulu. Oko kudala ukuhla kwehla okulimaza ukukhula koqoqosho kokubili.
Ukhuseleko lokurhweba lwanceda ukunweba kweNtlupheko enkulu , apho urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwawela ngama-25 ekhulwini. Amazwe angafaka isicelo kwi-WTO ukulungisa ingxabano yabo endaweni yokuphakamisa iintlawulo.
U mzekelo
NgoJulayi 2016, iUnited States yafaka ingxabano neChina. Yatsho iChina ukuba ihlawulise ukuthunyelwa kweempahla zangaphandle ezifunekayo.
Ezi ziquka i-antimony, igraphite, kunye ne-magnesia. Iimayini yaseChina ngaphezu kweyesibini kwisithathu sezinto ezikhoyo zehlabathi nganye kwezi zinyithi. Intlawulo yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe yenyusa amaxabiso ala mazwe angaphandle kuma-5 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini. Oko kufaka iinkampani zase-US high-tech, ezifana neQualcomm kunye ne-DJO Global, ekungenakulungelelaniswa. Bamele bahlawule ngaphezulu kwezi zinto ezibalulekileyo eziqingqiweyo kuneenkampani zaseTshayina. Oko kwenza amaxabiso abo aphakamileyo kwimarike yomhlaba wonke. Isisombululo sabo kuphela ukuvula izityalo ezisekelwe kwisiTshayina. Oko kuthatha imisebenzi ngaphandle kwabasebenzi baseMerika.
IYurophu yaseYurophu icinge malunga necala elifanayo ngexesha elifanayo. I-United States izuze amatyala afanayo kwizinto eziphathekayo ezahlukahlukeneyo ngo-2009 kunye nezityambo ezingenabunzima emhlabeni ngo-2012. Ngenxa yoko, amathuba okuphumelela alungileyo. Oku kuya kugcina le misebenzi yokuvelisa e-United States. Kodwa kungathatha iminyaka ukususela kwinkqubo yokuphikisana ingqiqo kwaye ide. Yingakho i-70% yamatyala ehlelwe ngokuthintana. (Umthombo: "I-US ifakwe i-WTO Impikiswano yokugcina imisebenzi yase-US - ngokunyuka kweeNgeniso ezivela eChina. Nantsi," IWashington Post , ngoJulayi 26, 2016. "Xa i-Partners Attack," i-Economist, ngoFebruwari 11, 2010.)
Ixilongo lugxeke inkqubo ye-WTO
Ngomhla we-8 kuMatshi, ngo-2018 uMongameli uTrump wamemezela ixabiso leepesenti ezingama-25 kwiirhwebo ezingeniswayo kunye nentlawulo ye-10 e-aluminium.
I-America yiyona mveliso enkulu yehlabathi yentsimbi. Ukunyuswa kwakujoliswe kwiChina. I-Trump ithembise ukunciphisa intengiso yase - US kunye neChina . Uqoqosho lwawo luxhomeke kakhulu kwizinto zentsimbi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.
Ngo-Matshi 22, ngo-2018, ulawulo lweTrump luchaze ukuba luya kuhlawulisa intlawulo kwi-60 yeebhiliyoni ezingama-20 ezivela kwi-China. Kwakhona kuya kunqanda ukuthunyelwa kweteknoloji yase-US kwiinkampani zaseTshayina. I-China idinga iinkampani zangaphandle ezifuna ukuthengisa iimveliso eChina ukuze zibelane ngeemfihlo zabo zorhwebo ngeenkampani zaseTshayina. I-China yabuyisela ngokuthi yayiya kwenza oko kwakuyimfuneko ukukhusela amalungelo ayo.
Zombini zitshintsha i-WTO kwinkqubo yokuphikisana kwezohwebo. Wonke amalungu kufuneka afake icala lakhe kwi-WTO ngaphambi kokuba enze iirhafu. Ukuba zombini amazwe angayigxina i-WTO, inokwenza ukuba inhlangano ingabalulekanga.
Kodwa ngo-Aprili 10, 2018, i-China yafaka isikhalazo esisesikweni kwi-WTO.
Yathi iintlawulo zeTumpump zatshitshisa umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Ibuyisa umbutho kwimpikiswano.
Ixesha leMbasa
Inkqubo ephikisanayo yokuphikisana ithatha unyaka ukuba akukho sibheno, kunye neenyanga ezili-15 ukuba ummangalelwa uyakhenela. Oko kwenzeka malunga nesiqingatha sezigqibo . I-WTO iya kufutshane nexesha lokusombulula ukuba izinto ezilahlekayo zibandakanyeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye iingxabano ziye zaqhubeka ukususela ngo-1995. Nazi iimanyathelo kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo kwiimeko zokulungisa izimpikiswano.
Amanyathelo kunye nobude bexesha
- Iingcebiso: Isikhalazo sokuqala sifakwe. Umlawuli we-WTO uzama ukusombulula isisombululo. 60 iintsuku.
- Iphaneli yokuhlaziya isetyenziswe. Amacandelo omabini afaka amacala abo ngokubhala. 45 iintsuku
- Iingxelo zePhaneli kumaqela aphikisanayo. Iinyanga ezintandathu.
- Iingxelo zePhaneli kuwo onke amalungu. Iiveki ezintathu.
- Ingxelo eyamkelwe ngumzimba wokulungisa iingxabano ukuba akukho zibheno. 60 iintsuku.
- Isibheno. 60-90 iintsuku.
- Umzimba wokuhlala ufumana ingxelo yebheno. Iintsuku ezingama-30.
- Ukuba uthe wafunyanwa enetyala, ummangalelwa uthi injongo yakhe yokuthobela. Iintsuku ezingama-30.
- Ukuba ummangalelwa akahambisani, kufuneka ahlawule ummangali. Iintsuku ezingama-20.
- Ukuba akunjalo, ummangali angacela i-WTO ukuba ibeke iimpawu zorhwebo. Iintsuku ezingama-30.