Xa uchaphazeleka ngecala lokutshatyalaliswa, mhlawumbi udidekile kwaye udidekile malunga nenkqubo. Eli nqaku liza kunceda ukucima ezinye zexinzelelo ngokuchaza indlela inkqubo yenkundla ye-bankruptcy isebenza ngayo.
Ukuchithwa yinkqubo elawulwa ngumthetho wesigqeba. Amatyala e-Bankruptcy ayafumaneka kuphela kwiinkantolo zombuso. Nangona kukho iinkqubo phantsi kwemithetho yeendidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-receivorship," iinqununu ezihlanganisiweyo zebhanki zizonke.
Inkqubo yenkundla yenkundla ihlukaniswe yaba ngamanqanaba. Inkundla zetyala, inkundla yamatyala kunye neNkundla ePhakamileyo. Kukho neenkundla zomthetho ezahlukeneyo zolawulo, njengenkundla yokufuduka. Inkundla yesantya yovavanyo ibizwa ngokuba yinkundla yesithili. Inkundla ze-Bankruptcy iinjongo ezizodwa eziphambili ngokwahlukana kweenkundla zesithili. Inkundla zesithili ziyakwazi ukuva zonke iimeko eziza kulawulo lwazo, kunye neentlanganiso ze-bankruptcy. Njengoko kunjalo, babhekisela kuyo yonke into ebhoxisayo kwiinkantolo ezikhethiweyo.
Ukuqonda inkqubo yeeNkundla ze-bankruptcy kubalulekile kumfanekiso ocacileyo weendlela ezinokuthatha ngayo ityala lakho.
U lawulo
Ngokungafani nezinye iinkundla zentlangano, ezifana neenkundla zesithili, iinkundla zentlawulo zenziwa ngamthetho. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkundla yasungulwa yiCongress phantsi kwegunya layo lomthetho lokwenza inkundla phantsi kweSiqendu I, Icandelo 8 loMgaqo-siseko.
Ngaphantsi komthetho wesigqeba esingu-28 USC 1334, inkundla ze-bankruptcy inegunya elilodwa kwiimeko zamatyala. Oku kuthetha ukuba ityala le-bankruptcy ayikwazi ukufakwa kwinkundla yombuso. Isizathu esilandelayo kulo mthetho kukuba inkqubo ye-bankruptcy yifom efuna ukuba amacala afakwe kwinkqubo yombutho ofanayo, endaweni yeenkundla ezahlukeneyo zelizwe, ezinokuba nemithetho nemigaqo eyahlukileyo.
Eminye imiba kwimeko ye-bankruptcy yinkxalabo kwinkqubo yokubhinqa, yimiba ephambili ebalulekileyo. Imiba engundoqo ingabandakanya ukutolika ikhowudi yebhanki ngokwayo, indlela amabango ayenziwe ngayo, ziphi iitalato ezikhutshwayo , isicwangciso seSahluko 13 sokubuyiselwa , indlela iSahluko 11 abatyala abahlaziywe ngayo kunye neminye imiba emininzi eya kuvela kwimeko yebhanki kwaye akukho ndawo. Ijaji elijongene ne-bankruptcy lingabizwa kwakhona ukuba lithathe isigqibo malunga nemicimbi engekho ebhange. Le yimiba enokuthi igqitywe yinkantolo yesithili okanye kwaneenkundla zentetho, kodwa iphakame kumxholo wecala lokutsalwa. Ngokomzekelo, ijaji elijongene ne-bankruptcy lingabizwa ukuba litshintshwe ngokwemvumelwano yesivumelwano ukuze amaqela anganquma inani lebango.
Umba oyintloko ugqitywe ngumgwebi we-bankruptcy. Ezi zigqibo zinokubakhokela enkundleni yesithili okanye kwinkundla yesikhalazo eneemvume ezikhethekileyo.
Ngemiba engeyomqobo, amaqela anokugqiba isigqibo sokuba ngaba ijaji yebhanki inokugqibela (ubuncinci kwinqanaba lenkundla yetyala), nokuba ngaba ijaji yesithili kufuneka ibeke isitampu sokuvunywa (okanye ukungavumi) kwisigqibo).
Abagwebi beBhanki
Abagwebi be-Bankruptcy baqeshwe iminyaka engama-14 ngokweNkundla yeziBheno ze-United States kwinqanaba elithile lombutho wesigqeba apho inkundla ye-bankruptcy ihlala khona. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokungafani neenkundla zesithili senkundla kunye nabagwebi abafake izicelo, abaqeshwe ebomini, isigwebo somgwebi webhanki kufuneka sihlaziywe yonke iminyaka eyi-14 yinkantolo yezobhenela. Ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba inkundla yesikhalazo ingabuyi kuphinda ihlaziye ilungu lejaji yebhanki xa ingenakuvuyela ukusebenza kwayo. Ngokufanayo, ijaji elikhethileyo lingakhetha ukwehla ukuqeshwa komnyaka o-14.
Inkqubo yeziBheno
Nangona yonke imicimbi yokuqala yokubanjiswa ilawulwa yinkantolo yebhanki, izibheno zamaphepha, izigqibo kunye nezigwebo kule miba zidla ngokuqhutywa yinkantolo yesithili, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zilawulwa yinkantolo yezibheno.
Ezinye iisekethe ziyaziwa njengepaneli yebhenkethi (BAP). Ii-BAP ziye zahanjiswa kwi-FIrst, yesithandathu, yesine, yesithoba neyeshumi. Iphaneli yefowuni iquka abagwebi bebhanki abasuka kwirekethe efanayo abaphulaphula izibheno. Kuma-circuits enepaneli yokuchithwa kwebhanki, umntu ofake isicelo angakhetha ukuba sakhe isibheno esivalelwe yinkantolo yesithili senkundla.
Inqanaba elilandelayo lesibheno yiNkundla yeZibheno zaseMerika ejikelezweni esithile apho inkundla yebhanki ihlala khona. Ngokomzekelo, isibheno esivela kwinkundla ye-bankruptcy e-San Francisco ekugqibeleni iya kutsho kwiNkundla yeNqununu yeSibheno.
Inqanaba lokugqibela lokuphononongwa kwe-appellate yiNkundla ePhakamileyo ye-United States.
Imithetho Yombuso yeNkqubo yeBhangeruptcy
Iinkqubo ezinkundleni ze-bankruptcy zilawulwa yimithetho ye-Federal Code of Procedure Procedure. Njengoko igama libonisa, le mithetho ilawula iinkqubo zenkqubo yee-bankruptcy kunye nezilingo, njengexesha apho kufuneka ufake iishedyuli zakho ze-bankruptcy. Ngenxalenye enkulu, imithetho ye-mirrorcy mirror inqubo ye-mirror kwaye ifake iMigaqo ye-Federal ye-Civil Procedure, elawula ulwaphulo-mthetho nakwezinye iinkundla zombuso. Ngaloo ndlela, inkundla yamatyala e-bankruptcy iyafana neentlawulo kwiinkundla zesithili senkundla.
Ukufumana iiNkundla zeBhanki
Ukuba uqwalasela ukufakwa kwefowuni, kubalulekile ukuchonga nokufumana inkundla efanelekileyo yebhanki. Ngokomthetho wesigqeba, kufuneka ufake ifowuni yakho yebhanki kwindawo yesigqeba apho ulawulwa khona, ube neendawo eziphambili zezoshishino okanye izinto eziyinqununu eMelika, kwiintsuku eziyi-180 ngaphambi kokufakela. Indawo yokuhlala yakho iyindawo yokuhlala yokuhlala. Umzekelo, ukuba unayo ikhaya lasehlobo laseTexas, kodwa uhlala kwiinyanga ezisibhozo zonyaka eCalifornia, iindawo zakho zasekhaya zaseCalifornia kwaye ezingekho eTexas. Emva kokuba uzimisele isixeko sakho sasekhaya, iya kwiwebhusayithi yeeNkundla zaseMelika. Cofa kwi-domicile yakho kwimephu yembala, ngoko, nqakraza "Uphando oluphambili." Cofa "Khangela ngeSetekiti," khetha "Inkundla yeBhanki" kwimenyu ehlayo. Khetha umgca wakho wesiphaluka ngokwemibala yembala uze uqhafaze "Fumana." Fumana inkundla yebhanki ekufutshane nayo. Amaninzi amaninzi anenkundla ezininzi zokutshatyalaliswa. Xhumana nenye yeenkundla ukuba uqinisekise ukuba ukhetha inkundla efanele.
Njengoko kunjalo, igqwetha elifanelekileyo elijongene nelokuba liyimpumelelo yakho xa usicinga ukutshatyalaliswa.
Ukuhlaziywa nguCarron Nicks Ngo-Ephreli 2017.