Nge-80 Awuyi kuba neSigqibo esifanayo Ukwenza Amakhono Akho Unayo Namhlanje
Ngethuba elisekhaya likayise ehlenga ngeempahla, ifowuni yavuma. Indodana yaphendula ifowuni, kwaye loo ntokazikazi emgceni wayefuna ukwazi apho imali yakhe ethembisile.
Njengoko unyana waqala ukumba, ezama ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani le ntombikazi kwaye yintoni uyise ebenyuke kuyo, wafumanisa i-receipts yemali risiti, yonke imali enikezelwe ngumntu ongaziwayo ongayifumanga ufunyenwe kwi-intanethi. I totali? Ngaphezu kwama-90,000.
Yayiphi na loo mntu ukuqala ukunikela imali yakhe kubantu abangaziwayo? Nangona kungekho namnye onokukwazi ukucacisa okokuthathwa kwezigqibo zikabawo, oko kwenzeka ntoni kukuba wafumana ukuhla kwezinto eziqhelekileyo ekuqondeni nasekufundeni kwezemali okubaninzi kuthi abantu baya kuba namava. Ukuhla kwehla kuqala malunga nama-60 ubudala.
Kwiphepha lophando lwe-2011, i-Old Age kunye nokuhla kweMali yokuFunda nokuBala, uMichael Finke, uJohn S. Howe noSandra Huston bahlolisise esi sihloko ngokulinganisa iqondo apho ulwazi olusisiseko olubalulekileyo ekukhethweni kwemali oluchanekileyo luyancipha emva kweminyaka engama-60. gqityiwe,
"Ngokuhambelana neengxelo zangaphambili zokuncipha kwengqiqo ekugqibeleni, sifumana ukuba amanqaku okufunda nokubhala kwezemali ayancipha malunga neepesenti enye ngonyaka emva kweminyaka yobudala engama-60 .... Xa ubudala buhlelwa ngamaqela eminyaka emi-5, abaphenduli abaneminyaka engama-70 ukuya ku-70 Amanani angaphantsi okubhala nokubhala ngokwezemali ngaphezu kwabaphenduli abaneminyaka engama-60-64. "
Nangona ulwazi lokufunda ngemali (intsingiselo yokuba nekhono lokusebenzisa ulwazi ngokuchanekileyo kwinkqubo yokwenza izigqibo zemali) yehla, ukuzithemba kwethu kwizikhundla zethu kuhleli phezulu. Iphepha leFinke / Howe / Huston liyaqhubeka lisithi,
"Ukuzithemba kwizinto zokwenza izigqibo zemali akuyi kunciphisa iminyaka yobudala .Ukukwazi ukuzithemba ngakumbi ngolwazi lwezemali kwandisa ngokukhula kweminyaka yonke emva kweminyaka engama-60 kwandisa amathuba okuba nethemba eliphezulu kunye namazinga aphantsi okufunda nokubhala ngemali ngama-7 ekhulwini."
Oku kuhambelana nemiphumo yovavanyo luka-2015 yiziko lePhando loPhulo lwaBasebenzi kwiKholeji yaseBoston, njani Ukuguga kuthinta ukuCwangcisa kwezeMali? , e fu maneka
"Ukuba inkulu yokunciphisa ukuqonda kunye nokubhala ngezezimali ayinakuchukumisa kakhulu umntu okhulile ekuzinikeleni ulwazi lwabo lwezezimali, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akukho mphumo kwithemba labo ekulawuleni imali yabo."
Ukuba uhlala phantsi, okanye kungekudala ukuba uthathe umhlalaphantsi, oku kufuneka kukukhathalele. Kwinkalo yemali yokuziphatha, ukuzithemba ngokweqile yinto eyaziwayo kwisigqibo sezimali esilungileyo. Isiko soPhando lwezeMhlala-phantsi siyaqhubeka sithi,
"Mhlawumbi akumangalisi ke, ngaphezu kwesigamu sazo ezinokuhlaselwa kwengqiqo enkulu zigcina uxanduva oluphambili lokulawula imali yazo."
Ziziphi iziphumo ezinokwenzeka zokwenza izigqibo zemali ngeendlela zokuqonda? Isiko soPhando lwezeMhlalaphansi sigqiba,
"Ngenxa yokuxhomekeka okunyukayo kwabathathe umhlala-phantsi kwi-401 (k) / ukugcinwa kwe-IRA, ukuncipha kwengqondo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwimpilo yabantu abadala."
Iphepha le-Finke / Howe / i-Huston licaphula uphando oluphambili oluvuma,
Ikhono lokuqonda, kwaye ngokukodwa izakhono zeemathematika zesigqibo sezemali esona sikhulu, sisisigxina esinamandla sokuphepha ukuphazamiseka kwempahla emva kamva (uSmith, McArdle noWillis, 2011) kunye nokwenza iimpazamo zezemali ezimbalwa (i-Agarwal ne-Mazumder , Ngo-2013) .... Ngokomzekelo, iKorniotis no-Kumar (ngo-2011) babonisa ukwehla kwentsebenzo yokutsalwa kwemali ukuba izibuko zigcinwe ziyancipha kwiqondo lobudala ngokweminyaka.Uphononongo lwethu lubonisa ukuba ukuncipha kwezenzo kunokuba kubangelwa ngqo ukuhla ngolwazi lwezezimali kunye nokukwazi ukusebenzisa ulwazi ngokuchanekileyo kwisinqumo sokwenza imali. "
Unokwenza ntoni ngale nto? Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuyiqonda. Ngelishwa, sisoloko sikhanyela amandla ethu okutshintsha. Nangona uphando lubonisa ukuba abo bayayazi ngxaki bangathabatha inyathelo elifanelekileyo. I-Finke / Howe / Huston ithi,
"Phakathi kwabadala kwiindawo ezifanayo zokuthatha izigqibo, kukho ukutyekela ubungqina bokunciphisa ubuchule beengqondo. Ngokomzekelo, abaqhubi abadala abakuboni ukuhla kwezakhono zabo zokuqhubela phambili nangona kunokonakala okubonakalayo kwindlela yokufunda ngokukhula (Holland) kunye noRabbitt, ngo-1992) Nangona kunjalo, baxela ukuba abo babone ukuhla kwezakhono zabo, kunye nabo bathatha ukuvavanya kwinjongo enika ubungqina bokunciphisa, ukuguqula ukuziphatha kwabo ukuqhuba ukunciphisa amathuba okufumana ingozi. "
Ukuba uthatha inyathelo kwangaphambili unokukhusela ubutyebi bakho kwisigqibo esingaphantsi kwexesha elizayo ongayenza.
I-Finke / iHowe / iHuston iphetha,
Ukuncipha kwezakhono zezezimali kungabikho kwiziphumo zemali ezimbi xa abantu bebona kwaye bekulindele ukuhla. Ngokomzekelo, ukuqonda ukunciphisa izakhono zokutyalo-mali kunokunyusa ukunyuswa kwemali okanye ukuthunyelwa kwezigqibo ezibalulekileyo kumcebisi othembekileyo.
Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuthatha inyathelo li-50 kunye nama-60 ngelixa iikhono lakho lokuqonda liqhubeka. Eli lixesha lokwakha isicwangciso senzo odala ongayilandela. Esi sicwangciso senkqubo kufuneka sibandakanye ukufumana abacebisi abangaphantsi kwakho.
Kwaye ukufumana nje umcebisi akwanele. Ufuna umcebisi onomthetho onyanzelekile ukuba enze okusemgangathweni (akukho, bonke abacebisi banalo myalelo wokuba unyanzelekile).
Kufuneka kwakhona ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso senkqubo esibhaliweyo kunye nabacebisi bakho kunye / okanye amalungu omndeni ukuze bazi ukuba bafanele bawenze ntoni xa beqala ukugcina iimpawu zokuziphatha ezingabonakali zifuna. Ngaba kukho ilungu lentsapho okanye uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ufuna ukuba abacebisi bakho baqhagamshelane nabo? Ukuba kunjalo, banike imvume yokukwenza ngokubhala.
Enye into ongayenzayo: ukufikelela kumalungu omtshato asekudala. Hlalani nxaxheba. Benze bahlale bebandakanyeka nawe. Ba tyelele rhoqo. Fumana ixesha lokuba nencoko engathandabuzekiyo kunye nabo ukuze ukwazi ukuba ziziphi iimfuno zabo kunye noko bazenzayo ngexesha labo. Fumana ukuba banakho izinto ezithandwayo (njengegumbi lokuxoxa nge-intanethi) okanye nabani na abahlobo abatsha abababona rhoqo.
Qinisekisa ukuba benze amalungiselelo ukuze kubekho umntu okhuseleko lwezonyango oza kuba nako ukuhlawula iindleko zabo nokulawula imicimbi yabo. Yaye uyazi ukuba banokuthi bathe kakuhle kwaye abayidingi uncedo (ukuzithemba ngokweqile). Kwakhona uqaphele ukuba awuyibeki izicwangciso ngoku, loo mntu onzima unokuba nawe kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini.