Umthetho we-4% kuMhlalaphantsi
Umgaqo we-4% wokuthatha umhlalaphantsi ubhekisela kwisilinganiso sakho sokurhoxisa : umyinge wonyaka wexabiso lakho lokuqala kwipotfoliyo ongayihoxisa kwipotfoliyo yesitokisi kunye neebhondi kumhlalaphantsi.
Umzekelo, ukuba unayo i-$ 100,000 xa uthatha umhlalaphantsi, ulawulo lwe-4% luza kuthi unokurhoxisa malunga ne-4% yaloo mali, okanye i-$ 4,000, unyaka wokuqala wokuthatha umhlalaphantsi, kwaye ukwandisa loo mali ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso, kwaye ukuba amathuba ephezulu (95%) ukuba imali yayiza kuqhubeka iminyaka engama-30, ukucinga ukuba isabelo sakho sephothifoliyo yayingu-50% esitokisini / iibhondi ezingama-50%.
Imbali ye-4% Rule
Ulawulo lwe-4% lwaqala ukujikeleza emva kwiphepha le-1998 elibhekiswe kwiSifundo seZiqu zintathu. Igama langempela lephepha li-Retirement Savings: Ukukhetha iRhafu yokuKhutshwa okuSigxina.
Nangona ulawulo lwe-4% luqatshelwe njengezinga "lokukhutshwa ngokukhuselekileyo" ekusebenziseni umhlalaphantsi, akukho ndawo ephapheni ekubhekiselele kuyo ngale ndlela.
- Izimbalwa zezi zigqibo zamaphepha endizifumanayo umdla:
- "Uninzi lwabathathe umhlala-phantsi luya kuzuza ngokubelwa ubuncinane kuma-50% kwiimpahla eziqhelekileyo."
- "Abathathe umhlala-phantsi abafuna ukurhoxiswa kwe-CPI ngexesha lokuthatha umhlalaphantsi kufuneka bamkele izinga lokurhoxisa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-portfolio yokuqala."
- "Kwiipowfoliyo ezilawulwa kwitokhwe, iirhafu zokurhoxiswa kwe-3% kunye ne-4% zimela ukuziphatha okungqongqo."
Uhlaziyo kwi-4% Rule
Ababhali beSifundo seZiqu-zintathu bapapasha uphando oluhlaziyiweyo kwiNgxelo yeCwangciso lwezeMali ngo-2011. Unokuyifumana kwi: Iphothifoliyo Iintlawulo zempumelelo: Kuphi ukudweba umgca.
Isiphetho asizange sitshintshe ngentsingiselo. Bathi kuwo,
Idatha yesampulu ibonisa ukuba abathengi abacwangcise ukwenziwa kohlengahlengiso lwamaxabiso eminyaka kunyaka kufuneka baphinde bacebe amazinga okurhoxisa okuphantsi kwi-4% ukuya kwi-5 yeepesenti, kwakhona, ukusuka kwiipotifoliyo ezingama-50 ekhulwini okanye kwiindawo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, ukuze ukulungiselela ukunyuka kwexesha elizayo.
UWade Pfau, umfundi onomsebenzi okhethekileyo kwingeniso yomhlala-phantsi, waphawula ngolu cwaningo kwiBlog Research Researcher Blog kwiZiqu zintathu zoFundo.
- Ambalwa amacandelo amaWade akwenzayo:
- Ucwaningo oluthathu luququzeleli alubandakanyi iifizi zentlawulo. "
- "Ulawulo olungama-4% aluzange lubambe ngokubanzi nakwamanye amaninzi amazwe athengisiweyo njengoko atholakala e-US"
- Ucwaningo lukaZiqu-zintathu lubona ubude bomhlala-phantsi ofikelela kwiminyaka engama-30. Kucelwa ugcine engqondweni ukuba isibini esitshatileyo sithatha umhlalaphantsi kwiminyaka yobudala engama-65, kunethuba elihle lokungenani omnye wabafazi abahlala ixesha elingaphezu kweminyaka engama-30. "
Ndicinga ntoni ngo-4% uMthetho?
Ulawulo lwe-4% kumhlala phantsi akufanele luhanjiswe njengomgaqo. Ndivile enye intatheli ibhekisela kulezi zinto ngokuthi "imithetho yezithulu" kunokuba "imithetho yesithupha".
Ndicinga ukuba le "mithetho" kufuneka ibhekiswe njengezikhokelo eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba ufuna ingcamango jikelele yokufumana umhlala-phantsi umvuzo wakho unokuncedisa, ulawulo lwe-4% lukuxelela ukuba kuxhomekeke kumnqweno wakho wokufumana umhlala-phantsi wakho kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, unakho ukurhoxisa i-$ 4,000-$ 5,000 ngonyaka ngemali eyi-100,000 utyalombile, ucinga ukuba ulandela umxube othile wephothifoliyo kunye ne-50% yepottoliyo yakho kwisitokisini (xa ndithi amasheya ndithetha iipotifoliyo ebanzi ngeefowuni zesikhokelo samasheya ).
Enye into yokugcina engqondweni; ukusebenzisa le mithetho ayiyi kuhlawula irhafu. Ukuba uhoxisa i-$ 4,000 kwi-IRA, uza kuhlawulela irhafu yombuso kunye nekarhulumente kuloo mali, ngoko ukukhishwa kwe-$ 4,000 yakho kungabangela i-$ 3,000 yemali efumanekayo ukuyisebenzisa.
Ngaba kufuneka usebenzise umthetho we-4%?
Nangona ulawulo lwe-4% lomhlalaphantsi lunokunika isikhokelo esiqhelekileyo, andicinga ukuba ubani ufanele asebenzise oko ukuze anqume ukuba kunjani ukuhoxisa umnyaka ngamnye ngomhlalaphantsi.
Njengokuba kunjalo, njengoko nje ndenza umsebenzi (ukususela ngo-1995 - ngaphambi kokuba kufundwe iSifundo seZiqu-zintathu zangaphambili) andisayi kubona isicwangciso sengeniso somhlala-phantsi apho sisekelwe kwi-4% yexabiso lesiphothifoliyo.
Esikhundleni salokho, umhlalaphantsi ngamnye ozayo uhleli nesicwangciso sawo esekelwe eminye imithombo efunyenweyo yemali engenayo, iintlobo zotyalo-mali ezisetyenzisiweyo, ixesha elide elilindelweyo, izinga lorhafu elindelekileyo kunyaka ngamnye, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.
Xa ukha icebo lokufumana umhlala-phantsi lomhlalaphantsi, kunokukhokelela ekubeni uhoxise ngakumbi kwiminyaka ethile, kwaye ngaphantsi kwabanye.
Esinye isizathu sokuba ulawulo lwe-4% luba ngumdaka wukuthi xa ufikelele kwiminyaka engama-70 ½, kufuneka uthabathe i-IRAs kwaye unyaka ngamnye ukhula, kufuneka uhoxise imali ephezulu. Kuyavunywa, akudingeki ukuyichithe - kodwa kufuneka uyihoxise kwi-IRA, oku kuthetha ukuhlawula irhafu kuyo. Ezi zinto zifunwa ngokuncinci zincinci zichazwe ngumfomula kwaye ifomula iya kufuna ukuba uthathe ngaphezulu kwe-4% yexabiso lakho le-akhawunti elisele njengoko ukhula.
Ngaba uMthetho we-4% usasebenza njengesikhokelo?
Kwiphepha le-2013, uMgaqo we-Percent 4 awukhuseli kuMbhali wezeNtengo oyiNtengo uMichael Finke, uWade Pfau, nombuso kaDavid Blanchett,
- "Impumelelo yolawulo lwe-4% e-US ingaba yinto engafanelekanga, kwaye abathengi banqwenela ukuqwalasela isicwangciso sabo sokufumana umhlalaphantsi ngokubanzi kunokuba bathembele kuphela kwiimali zeeportfolio ezithintekayo."
- "Ulawulo lwe-4% alukwazi ukuphathwa njengezinga elikhuselekile lokurhoxiswa kwinqanaba elincinci lenzalo."
Eli phepha libonisa ukuba ukulindela kungadinga ukuhlaziywa njengoko uphando lwangaphambili lusekelwe kwiinkcukacha zembali apho ibhondi ivelisa kwaye isivuno sokwabiwa kwempahla kwisitokisi sasiphezulu kunokuba sikubona namhlanje.
I-athikili engeyiyo yemfundo ichaza oku ingafumaneka kwi-bond bond low, 'i-4% yemithetho yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi' ayisebenzisi.