Sisiphi isicwangciso esichaza ngokukhetha kwakho?
Ziziphi iindlela zokuchitha imali?
Isicwangciso sokusetyenziswa ngumgaqo onokuwusebenzisa ukucacisa ukuba ungayikhupha kangakanani kwiakhawunti zakho. Kukho izinto ezimbini ezigqithisileyo zokuqwalasela. Nantoni na enye iya kulahla phakathi.
Umzekelo # 1 - Intlawulo ehleliweyo
Unokuthatha isamba esithile (esicwangcisiweyo) yonke inyanga ide imali yakho iphume. Umzekelo, uqala ukuchitha i-akhawunti kwiminyaka engama-62 kwaye uhoxise i-$ 3,333 nganye ngenyanga. Ukuba udlala ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ugcine ama-$ 500,000 kwiifomali ezikhuselekileyo ezifikeleleka zifumaneke kwi-1%, uya kusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ukugcinwa kwakho kwiinyanga ezili-160 (okanye iminyaka engama-13).
Qaphela: Esi siqhinga asivumeli ukunyuswa kwamaxabiso okunyuka kwindleko kwiindleko eziqhelekileyo ezifana nokutya, i-gas, i-utilities, iirhafu, iyeza, i-inshurensi, njl., Kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlahloye iindleko zakho zenyanga kwaye unokuthi unqume " "Imisebenzi xa kufuneka amaxabiso amanani. Ubomi bakho besikhathi sokuphila kufuneka uqwalaselwe xa uqikelela inani elimisiweyo lokuthabatha.
Umzekelo # 2 - Inani eliguqukayo
Unokuthatha ipesenti ezichanekileyo (ezichaseneyo) nganye ngenyanga. Ukuthatha kuphela ipesenti yemali eseleyo inceda ukukhusela kumngcipheko wokuchitha imali kwiqondo elithintela izinto zakho ngaphantsi kwezinga elincinci. Ngokomzekelo, uqala ukuchitha .75% ngenyanga kwixabiso lakho lokuphela konyaka we-portfolio ye-$ 500,000.
Ngoku unayo i-$ 3,750 eyokuchitha inyanga yesi-1, i-$ 3,725 kwinyanga yesi-2, kunye ne-$ 3,697 ngenyanga ngenyanga yesi-3, njl njl. Inani lokurhoxisa liya kuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwixabiso lakho le-akhawunti, eliya kuxhomekeka kwinkqubo yokutshala imali.
Qaphela : Esi siqhinga asicinga ukuba ingqiqo yakho yokuhoxiswa ngokwenene yintoni. Unokugqiba ukuchitha phantsi iakhawunti zakho ngokukhawuleza okuya kushiya imali encinane kwiminyaka yakho kamva.
Ufumana njani isicwangciso sokusetyenziswa?
Isicwangciso senkcitho kufuneka senziwe ngokwezimo kwiimeko zakho ezibhekiselele kuzo zonke izibonelo ezilapha ngasentla ziya kuba zilungelelaniso kubantu abaninzi. Ngeqhinga lokuchithwa kwempahla ulungelelanisa ezinye iimithombo zengeniso ezifana noKhuselo loLuntu, ipensheni, kunye nemali yokufumana imali yokufumana iziphumo ezifanelekileyo.
Abanye abantu bathenga i- annuity ngokukhawuleza (isicwangciso esicwangcisiweyo sokuchithwa kwemali) ukubonelela ngexabiso elithile ukujonga iindleko zokuphila eziqhelekileyo ngelixa usebenzisa isicwangciso sokurhoxisa esicatshulwayo sokuthatha imali kwiimali zabo zokutsalwa ukujonga iindleko zokuqonda ezifana nokuhamba, izambatho, ukutya kunye nokuzonwabisa.
Ngubani omele asebenzise isicwangciso senkcitho?
Wonke umntu oceba ukurhoxisa kwi-savings yabo kunye notyalo-mali kumhlala-phantsi kufuneka abe nesicwangciso sokuchitha. Abanye abantu baya kufuna isicwangciso esivumela ukuba bachithe ngaphezulu kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi xa bephilile kwaye besebenza.
Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuchitha imali ngakumbi ekuqaleni kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi kuthetha ukuba uqhuba umngcipheko omkhulu wokuba ungaphantsi kokuchitha ixesha elizayo. Isicwangciso sinokukunceda ukuba ubone inani elifanelekileyo lokurhweba. Ukungaphumeleli ukukhetha isicwangciso senkcitho kunokuthetha ukuba kufuneka wenze izinto ezinqamlekileyo emva kwexesha ngenxa yokuphila ixesha elide okanye ukufumana ukusebenza kwe-akhawunti engalungile.
Ufanele uqale nini isicwangciso sakho sokuchitha?
Kufuneka uqale ukuqhuba iziqulatho ezibonelela ukuqikelela ukuchitha imali yomhlala-phantsi iminyaka emininzi ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi. Ezi zicwangciso kufuneka ziqwalasele izinto ezinjengezempilo kunye nokulindela ubomi, umngcipheko wepotfolio kunye nokulinganisela okubuyisela, izinto ezifana ne-inflation kunye namazinga enzala, kunye nesimo sakho sengqondo ngokushiya ilifa. Ukucwangciswa kwangaphambili kunokunciphisa uxhalabo oluhambelana nalo olukutshintshileyo ukusindisa imali yokuchitha imali eyakuthatha iminyaka emininzi ukuyigcina.
Emva kokuba usuqulunqe isicwangciso senkcitho esicetywayo, kufuneka uqale ukuyisebenzisa ngokukhawuleza xa uthatha umhlalaphantsi, kwaye ubuye uhlaziye umlinganiselo wakho ngamnye ngonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicwangciso sakho sokurhoxisa siyaqhubeka sisigxina ngokusebenzisa ixesha lokuphila.
Zithini iingcali?
Iingcali ezithintela kwinani kunye nokuqikelela ukubuyisela ziya kubongoza ukuba baphumelele ba landele oko kubizwa ngokuba yindlela yokulawula isigqibo . Lo mgaqo uthatha isicwangciso sokurhoxiswa kweqhinga lokuchithwa kwiphulo eliphuma kwipotfothifoliyo eyahlukeneyo eya kuthi iya kuguquka kwaye iphantsi kwexesha elingama-30 leminyaka. Umxube wotyalo-mali uqulethe phakathi ko-50-70% ukunikezelwa kwempahla. Umgaqo oqhelanisiweyo wokuhoxiswa kwe-4% yindlela yolawulo lokugweba.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ezinye iingcali ezizikhuselekileyo ziza kuncoma ukuba baphumelele ba landele oko kubizwa ngokuba yiyona ndlela . Ngale ndlela njengoko udala ubudala bezinga lokudweba liya kwanda. Le ndlela ihlala idibene kunye nephothifoliyo engaphantsi kwe-stock market. Ngokuzigcina ngokuzimeleyo, ukubuyiswa kwezobalo-mali kuya kuba neyona nto engaphaya kwayo kodwa ibe nokuzinzileyo. Njengoko i-akhawunti ibonisa ukuguqulwa kwabaqeshi abachitha umhlala-phantsi bachitha ngaphezulu kwiminyaka "yokubuya" engaphantsi kwaye "ngaphantsi kwe-average". Izibalo ze-IRS ezifunekayo zokuBalwa kweeNgcaciso zilandele le ndlela yokusebenza.
Isiphelo
Kuya kuthatha i-spreadsheet ephawulekayo ukuba ibonelele kuzo zonke iinguqu eziza kuhlola izicwangciso zenkcitho "ngokugqibeleleyo." Abacwangcisi bemhlala-phantsi banokukunceda ekusebenzisaneni nokubandakanya imithombo emininzi yokufumana imali kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango.
Kuyo yonke into, izinto ezibalulekileyo kunye neenkqubela ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe zibandakanya isimo sakho sengqondo ngokuchithwa kwemali, iimvakalelo malunga nokunyamezela ukutshintsha kwemali, ukuthanda ukusetyenziswa kwemilinganiselo (ukuhla, ukuhlala rhoqo), ixesha elibandakanya, kwaye nayiphi na ifa elifunayo. Umthombo omkhulu kwiindlela ezininzi zobugcisa ezichazwe nguNjingalwazi Wade D. Pfau zingatholakala kwi-intanethi ekuSebenziseni i-Out of Variable Spending Strategies for Retirees.