I-FHA yasungulwa ngowe-1934 njengoko ilizwe lakhupha kwi -Great Depression . Njengengxenye yoMthetho weSizwe woKwabiwa kweZindlu, i-mission emva kwe-Federal Housing Administration (FHA) yayilula - yenza abantu abanini bezindlu.
Imindeni e-4 kwimizuzu engama-10 yayingabanikazi bezindlu ngelo xesha kwaye kwakufuneka iguqule.
Ingxaki yayingozi. Imali-mali yabucala ayifumanekanga ngokwaneleyo. Ubunini bezindlu zaKhaya buququzelela ukukhula koqoqosho, kunceda ukuma uluntu kunye nokubonelela ukuzinza kwiindawo ezommandla.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabanikazi be-40% abayi ku-ke okanye ngoku-bakhuthaze ukukhula kwexesha elide kunye nokuchuma kwezoqoqosho.
Inkqubo, eyayixhomekeka kuphela kwimali-mali yangasese, yaphulwa kwaye iyadingeka ukulungiswa. I-FHA yenza loo nto kwaye inokuqwalaselwa kuphela ngokuphumelelayo.
Ngonyaka ka-2001, izinga lokuhlalisa iipropati zesizwe liye laphakama kwixesha eliphakamileyo lama-68.1 ekhulwini. Kwiminyaka engama-80 ukususela ekubeni i-FHA idalwe kakhulu yatshintshile kwaye abantu baseMerika ngoku ngokuqinisekileyo baninzi abantu abahle kakhulu kwihlabathi.
Cinga ngolu hlobo, i-Federal Housing Administration (FHA) yinkampani enkulu ye-mortgage insurer emhlabeni. Qaphela ukuba "i-inshurensi" isetyenzisiwe endaweni yesininzi "kwisibophelelo" kwisigwebo esandulelayo. Kungenxa yokuba i-FHA ayiboleki imali, bayayiqinisekisa. Bafumana umngcipheko.
I-FHA iququzelela inkqubo yokubolekisa ngemali yokuboleka imali ngokuqinisekisa ababolekisi bemali mboleko kunye neebhanki ngokubhekiselele emngciphekweni onxulumene nokubolekisa abo babathengayo ikhaya labo lokuqala okanye bevela kwingxaki enkulu yekhredithi.
Ngaphandle koLawulo lweZindlu lwaseMelika lonke iqela labantu baseMelika - mhlawumbi abazali bakho okanye oogogo nomkhulu babandakanyeka-basenokungeke bakwazi ukuthenga isahluko sephupha laseMerika.
Ukususela ngo-1934, ii-FHA ne-HUD zithengise imali engaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-34 zezindlu zokuhlala kunye ne-47,205 yeeprojekthi zokubolekwa kweprojekthi.
Okwangoku, i-FHA ine-4.8 yezigidi zemali ezikhuselekileyo zentsapho kunye ne-13,000 iiprojekti zee-multifunam
Imigaqo ekhokele i-FHA ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo isenganyanisekanga namhlanje. Ezinye zeenkcukacha zinokuhluka, kodwa i-mission iyafana neyayiminyaka eyi-80 edlulileyo:
"... ukudala uluntu oluzinzileyo, oluzinzileyo, olubandakanya kunye nemigangatho enokuthengwa kuyo yonke into"
Ngoko, bayayenza njani loo nto? Bayizalisekisa njani ingxelo yabo yemisebenzi kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-70 kamva ngo-2015?
Zonke ziqala ngokuhlawula.
I-FHA idinga kuphela i-3.5%
Kuba bathengi basekhaya banamhlanje, zikho ezimbalwa kuphela ezikhethiweyo zokuthenga imali ezivumela ukuhlawulwa kweentlawulo ezingaphantsi kwamahlanu okanye ngaphantsi. I-FHA ingomnye wabo.
Nge- mortgage ye-FHA , unako ukuhlawula inkokhelo encinci njenge-3.5%. Oku kunceda abathengi basekhaya abangenayo imali eninzi egcinwe ukuhlawula; kwaye, abathengi basekhaya abathanda ukugcina imali yokuhambisa iindleko, iimali zengxamiseko, okanye ezinye iimfuno.
Kukho imingcipheko encinci yemboleko kunye ne-FHA mboleko kwaye i-arhente ivumela ukuhlawula kwakho i-3.5% ekuhlawulweni kwentlawulo ukuza njengesipho esivela ilungu lentsapho, umqeshi, inhlangano encedisayo okanye inkqubo ye-homebuyer program.
I-FHA Iimfanelo zokuTyala ziFlexible
Ukuba nabani na abanomyinge wesikolodo ngaphezu kwama-580, i-FHA inokukunikezela ngemboleko yokuhlawula imali engaphantsi kwama-3.5 ekhulwini.
Ukuba unenkcitho enkulu yokukhwabanisa ngetyala-ukuchithwa, ukuchithwa, ukuthengiswa okufutshane okanye usebenze-kwindawo-ngaphambili, i-FHA ingaba yinketho yakho kuphela ukuba ufuna ukuthenga.
Njenge-arhente yezindlu, i-FHA ishicilela kwaye igcina iimfuno ezincinci zokufaneleka ukuba zonke iimali-mboleko eziqinisekisa. Nangona kunjalo, ababolekisi be-FHA bagxininisa iimfuneko ezongezelelweyo kwiimali-mboleko ze-FHA, ezaziwa ngokuba "utyalo-mali."
Isampula se-investor overlays iquka ukuphakamisa umlinganiselo we-FHA wokubambisa umlinganiselo wemali; okanye, kufuna ixesha elongezelelweyo ukususela kwi-bankruptcy, ukuthengisa okufutshane, okanye ukuchithwa; okanye ufuna ukuqinisekiswa kwengqesho kwi-FHA ye-Streamline Refinance transaction.
Unokufumana umboleko we-FHA xa usandul 'ukuthengiswa okufutshane, ukuchithwa okanye ukuchithwa ngefayili ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-FHA Back to Work.
Maxa wambi, ixesha lokulinda liyadingeka, kodwa kungekho rhoqo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zakho, unokufumana ilungelo lokuthenga elinye ikhaya usebenzisa i-FHA yokuxhasa ngokukhawuleza.
Iimfuno zeeNkcazo zeeNtshumo ze-Mort
Kungabonakala kungavumelekanga ukubiza i-FHA yomshuwalense we-mortgage ngenzuzo kuba ingenayo inkululeko, nangona kunjalo, i-FHA MIP yintoni eyenza inkqubo ye-FHA iyenzeka. Ngaphandle kwe-MIP, ababolekisi abavunyiweyo be-FHA abanaso isizathu esithile sokwenza iimali-mboleko ze-FHA.
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba, njengomnini wezindlu okanye ummeli wekhaya, amazinga akho eFHA MIP ahla. Iindleko ze-FHA ze-MIP zanamhlanje zingaphantsi kwamanqaku angama-50 (0.50%) ngaphantsi komnyaka kunama-2014.
Kwakhona, unendlela yokunciphisa oko uza kufumana kwi-FHA MIP rhoqo ngonyaka kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwexesha leminyaka eli-15 lemali yokubolekwa kwemali mboleko yakho; okanye, ukwenza i-paypayment okungenani ama-5 ekhulwini.