Fumana izimpendulo kwiMibandela malunga neRhafu yeRhafu yeMali
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ufike kwiimpendulo kunye nezimpendulo kwerhafu yentlawulo yomntu, gcina ezi ntlobo ze-akhawunti ezisisiseko engqondweni:
Ngokubhekiselele kwerhafu, kukho ezimbini iintlobo eziphambili ze-akhawunti:
- Iingxelo ezihlawulwayo: Ezi ngxelo zixhaswa ngemali yerhafu emva kwentlawulo kunye nemali engenayo, njengemali-mali kunye nomdla, ihlawulwa kutyalomali ngonyaka. Kwakhona, imali yokufumana (iintlawulo) ihlawuliswa xa utyalo-mali lithengiswa. Imizekelo yale akhawunti iquka i-akhawunti nganye yomrhwebi, ii-akhawunti ezirhwebeneyo kunye nee-akhawunti ezininzi zokugcina imali kwiibhanki.
- Ii-akhawunti ezichaziweyo zerhafu: Ezi ngxelo zixhaswa ngeerola engaphambi kweerhafu kunye / okanye i-earnings (ukukhula) kotyalo-mali kwi-akhawunti ayihlawulwanga ngethuba nje utyalo-mali luhlala kwi-akhawunti. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-IRAs, 401 (k) kunye nezibonelelo.
Kwaye ngaphandle kokuqhubekayo, ndikunika iimpendulo kwerhafu yengxowa-mboleko ehlala ibuzwa imibuzo (FAQ):
I-Mutual Fund izahlula njani iTekisi?
Izahlulelo ziintlawulo kubanini-zimali (abatyalo-mali) bamasheya, iibhondi, okanye iimali ezihlangeneyo. Ezi ntlawulo zimela inzuzo yenkampani ekwahlula phakathi kwabanini-mali. Abathengi be-Mutual fund baya kukhetha ukuba bafuna iindleko zokubuyiselwa kwakhona (ukuthenga izabelo ezininzi ze-fund) okanye ukuba zifunyenwe njengentlawulo yemali okanye zifakwe kwenye i-akhawunti.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abanini-mali babambisene nabo bangabhalwa kwiirhafu zeengxowa-mali, nokuba ngaba ezo mpahla zifunyenwe ngemali okanye zibuyiswa kwizabelo ezongezelelweyo ze-fund.
Iingeniso zemali ze-Mutual zikarhoxiswa okanye zihlawulwe njengemali engenayo (ukuhlawulwa intela kwerhafu yengeniso yomntu ngamnye) okanye njengamaxabiso afanelekileyo (athathwe kwi-15%). Iingeniso eziqhelekileyo nezifanelekileyo ezixhaswa ngabathengi-zimali kwiFom ye-1099-DIV . Ngenjongo yokufakela irhafu, umtyalomali-ntlawulo (umhlawuli-ntlawulo) uya kubika izabelo kwiFom 1040, iShedyuli B, kunye neFom 1040, imizila 9a no-9b.
Yintoni endiyenzayo ngefom yam 1099?
Ukuba ufumana i-1099 ithetha ukuba unetyala? Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezili-1099 zeefom kodwa iifom ezi-1099 eziqhelekileyo zivela kwimisebenzi yokutyalo-mali, njengemali-mali, i-earnings, kunye ne-akhawunti yomhlalaphantsi (IRA, 401k, 403b). Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zee-1099 ezifunyenwe ngabatyalomali ziquka i-1099-R, i-1099-DIV, 1099-INT ne-1099-Q.
- I-1099-R: Le fom iyadingeka ukuba ithunyelwe kuwe evela kumgcini we-akhawunti yomhlala phantsi, njenge-IRA, i-annuity, ipensheni, isicwangciso sokwabelana ngenzuzo okanye u-401 (k) isicwangciso , xa usasazwe uhlobo oluthile ngethuba lonyaka werhafu. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ukusabalalisa akuthethi ukutshintsha imali . Ngokucacileyo, ukwabiwa kuthetha ukuba imali ikhutshwe ngaphandle kwe-akhawunti. Imizekelo yeentlobo zonikezelo zibandakanya ukuhoxiswa kwekheshi okanye okupheleleyo okanye i-rollover ye-IRA.
- I-1099-DIV: Le fom ithunyelwa kumtyalo-mali evela kwinkampani yokuxhaswa ngemali ukubonisa irekhodi lazo zonke izabelo kunye neenzuzo eziphezulu ezihlawulwa kumtyalo-mali ngexesha lonyaka ohlawulwayo. Abanye abatyali-mali banokudideka kwifom ye-1099-DIV kuba bengenakufumana nayiphi na indlela yokuhlawulwa kwemali kuyo nawaphi na amaxabiso okanye i-capital gain phakathi nonyaka. Nangona ukhetha ukuhlawulelwa, ufumene isabelo. Kwaye nangona ungathengisanga izabelo zeengxowa-mali zakho, unako ukufumana i-fund fund.
- 1099-INT: Le fomu ithunyelwe kumaziko, njengeebhanki, kubani be-akhawunti abafumana iintlawulo zenzalo ubuncinane be-$ 10 ngexesha lonyaka werhafu. Inzala, kungekhona ukudideka kunye neentlawulo, eziqhelekileyo kwi-akhawunti yokulondoloza ibhanki, iiSatifikethi seDistim, kunye ne- akhawunti yemarike yemali .
- I-1099-Q: Le fom ithunyelwa kubatyalali abafumana ukusasazwa kwi-Akhawunti ye-Savings Education (ESA) okanye iSicwangciso se-Section 529. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abahlawuli berhafu abayidingi ukuhlawula irhafu kwizabelo ezingaphantsi okanye ezilinganayo neendleko zemfundo ezifanelekileyo .
Iifom ze-1099 zithunyelwa ngokubanzi kwii-IRS kunye nomntu ohlawula irhafu kwiziko (oko kukuthi inkampani ye-mutual fund okanye ibhanki) eyabela isahlulo, inzuzo enkulu, inzala okanye ukuhoxiswa kwemali. Ngoko ke akusoloko kufuneka ukuba umntu athumele ikopi yakhe kwi-IRS kunye nokufakela irhafu.
Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukugcina ii-1099 kunye namanye amaxwebhu anika ubungqina obuxhasiweyo bokusebenza kwakho okuhlawuliswayo nokungakhokhwanga. Ngamanye amazwi, abatyali-mali kufuneka balungiselele ukuphicothwa kweerhafu , okuya kufuna iimpepha zentlawulo yakho yerhafu.
Ifom 5498 yincwadi ehlawulwa irhafu, efana ne-RRA IRA, i-SEP-IRA, okanye i-SIMPLE IRA. Le fom ithunyelwe liziko lemali apho ubamba i-akhawunti yakho kwaye ikopi ithunyelwe kwi-IRS. Ngoko ke akudingeki ukuba uthumele i-5498 yakho kwi-IRS kunye ne-1040 yakho yonyaka yentlawulo. Uyakufumana ifom ye-5498 nganye kwi-akhawunti yakho.
Ifom 5498 iinjongo zengcaciso kwaye iquka umrhumo owenziweyo, ixabiso lemarike elifanelekileyo malunga nokuphela konyaka, kunye nolwazi malunga nokuthathwa okufunekayo. Ngokumalunga ne- 1099-R yakho, i-5498 yakho iya kuthunyelwa ngeposi (ngeposi) ngoJanuwari 31, emva komnyaka werhafu.
Ziziphi iimali zeMali zeMali zoNyaka?
Iimali zengxowa-mali zengxowa-mali ziya kufakwa kwiininzi okanye ngamakhulu emasheya. Ngokuqhelekileyo umphathi weengxowa-mali uya kubathengisa kwaye athengise izabelo zeempahla ezininzi kwi-fund yonkcenkceshelwano kunyaka ngamnye. Xa umphathi uthengisa izitokethi ezifumene ixabiso ukusuka kwithenda athe athenge ezo zifuba, ezo zorhwebo zivelisa iimali zentengo, ezithe zagqithiselwa kumtyalomali (wena).
Ndingayifaka njani i-Average Basis kwi-Mutual Funds?
Iziseko zendleko zisetyenziselwa ukufumana inzuzo okanye ukulahleka kwakho ngenjongo yentlawulo xa uthengisa imali yakho kunye (okanye ezinye iintlobo zotyalo-mali). Isiseko seendleko yintengo yokuthenga ye-fund (okanye enye impahla) kunye nezabelo ezibuyisiwe kunye nokunikezelwa kwemali eyinzuzo.
Faka ngokucacileyo ukuba uthengisa imali yakho yokubambisa ngentengo ephakamileyo (ibonakaliswe njengexabiso le-Asset Net okanye i- NAV ) kunokuba uyithenge, unenzuzo. Ukuba uthengisa ngentengo ephantsi, ulahlekelwe.
Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni xa uthenge amasheya eemali kunye kunye namaxabiso athile?
Xa ufumana izabelo ze-fund kunye namaxabiso ahlukeneyo, uya kufuneka ubale ngokubaluleka kwesiseko.
Ukubala isiseko esiphakathi (Ukusuka: IRS.Gov - Mutual Funds (iindleko, ukunikezelwa, njl.))
- Yongeza iindleko zezo zonke izabelo oziphetheyo kwingxowa-mali.
- Ukwahlula okubangelwa inani elipheleleyo lezabelo oziphetheyo. Oku kukunika isabelo sakho sesilinganiso.
- Ukwandisa isahlulo ngasinye ngesabelo ngenani lezabelo ezithengisiwe.
Awusayi kuphinda usebenzise indlela yesibini yokwenza uqikelele isiseko sakho.
Yintoni iNet Unredalized Appreciation (NUA)?
Ukuxabisa okungaqinisekiyo (iNUA) engabonakaliyo inokwenzeka xa uhoxisa isitishi sakho senkampani kwi-401 (k) kwaye uyifake kwi-akhawunti yerhafu yokurhweba. I-NUA ibalulekile ukuba unesitampu senkampani esazixabise kakhulu kwaye uyadlulisela isitokethi kwisicwangciso somhlala-phantsi oxhaswe ngumqeshwa, esinjenge-401 (k). Gcina ukhumbule ukuba izabelo ezifana nalezi zivunyelwe kuphela xa unomcimbi oshukumisayo, njengokuthatha umhlalaphantsi okanye ukupheliswa komsebenzi.
Xa kusasazwa, i-NUA ayikho phantsi kwerhafu yengeniso evamile. Ngako oko, kungabulumko ukwenza ukutshintshwa kwe-stock inkampani kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage rhoqo, kunokuba enye imoto yokulondoloza irhafu, efana ne-akhawunti ye-Retirement Account (IRA).
Ngale ndlela, nayiphi na inzuzo kwizabelo zakho iza kuhlawulwa irhafu (naliphi na ukugqiba ukuthengisa amasheya) kwii-capital-gains rates, enokuthi iphantsi kwe-15%. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugxotha i-stock yakho yenkampani ibe yi-IRA, bonke abahoxiswayo bahlawuliswa kwiirhafu eziqhelekileyo, ezinokuba ziphezulu njengama-35%.
Ndingayigwema njani iRhafu yeTual Funds?
Iimali zokubambisana azifani nokokunye ukugcinwa kweemali, ezifana nezitokisi, kuba ziiifofoliyo ezilodwa, ezibizwa ngokuba zityalo-mali, ezithatha ubuninzi okanye amakhulu eminye emasheya.
Ngoko ke umsebenzi ohlawuliswayo owenzekayo njengenxalenye yokulawulwa kweengxowa-mali eziphathekayo kudlulela kumthwalo werhafu kuwe, umtyalo-mali ohlangeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isitokethi esiphethe kwingxowa-mali yakho iya kuhlawula igalelo, emva koko umphathi wezezimali uthengisa isitoreji ngexabiso eliphezulu kunokuba uhlawule, uya kuhlawulwa irhafu kumanqanaba amabini: 1) Irhafu yentlawulo, ngokubanzi ihlawuliswa njengeniso, kunye ne-2) Ireyithi yentlawulo yenzuzo, eya kuhlawulwa irhafu kwixabiso lemali eyinzuzo.
Kwaye nokuba ngaba uye wabamba kuphela i-fund eyodwa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kwaye awuzange uthengise nayiphi na isabelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba unokufumana inzuzo yexesha elide lokufumana imali (ukucinga ukuba imali yokubambisana iqhube isitokethi ngaphezu konyaka) . Ngako ke iirhafu ezihanjelwe kuwe ngenxa yemisebenzi ngaphakathi kwesikhwama sokubambisana, kungekhona ngenxa yemisebenzi yakho yokutyalomali.
Xa uhamba ukuthengisa imali yakho, khumbulani ukuba sele uhlawule irhafu kwiirhafu eziye zavuswa kwakhona. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uthengela i-fund ye-$ 10,000 kwaye uyayithengisa kamva kwi-15,000 yee-$, uhlawula irhafu yentlawulo ye-5,000 yenkunzi, ngokufanelekileyo? Akunjalo! Ukuba uhlawule irhafu kwiirhafu eziyi-1000 zee-dividends ngexesha lakho lokubamba, isabelo sakho serhafu singabi yi-$ 4,000 kuphela.
Ndingayisebenzisa njani i-Investment Mutual Funds kunye neNciphisa iRhafu?
Mhlawumbi uye wanikela ingcamango enkulu ekukhethiweyo kotyalo-mali kwaye sele usebenzise izicwangciso zokwabiwa kweempahla kodwa ungeke ucinge ngendawo yokuhlala okanye apho imali yakho yokubambisana isetyenziswe ngakumbi .
Ukuhlawulwa kweerhafu kuhluke kakhulu kwiakhawunti ezithengiswa ngerhafu kunokuba i-akhawunti ye-brokerage. Ukuthengisa iimali eziziimali kwi-akhawunti echazwe ngerhafu, efana ne-IRA okanye 401 (k), ayiyi kuvelisa irhafu yentlawulo. Enyanisweni, ukuthengisa imali akuvelisi irhafu kuwo onke (nangona ezinye iifizi zentlawulo mali ziyakwenza isicelo). Kwakhona, inzuzo evela kwiirhafu ayihlawulwanga kwi-IRAs okanye i-401 (k) de ide ihoxiswe kamva, njengomhlalaphantsi.
Khumbula ukuba utyalo-mali obanjwe kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage bahlawuliswa kwiimali zentengo kunye nenzuzo yengeniso (izabelo). Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uthengisa i-fund eyodwa ngentengo ( NAV ) ephakamileyo ngaphezu kwexabiso oyithengileyo, uya kuba nenzuzo eyinkunzi apho uza kuhlawulwa irhafu. Kwakhona, nayiphi na inzuzo yengeniso (izabelo) ezifunyenwe kutyalo-mali kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage ihlawuliswa njengenzuzo eqhelekileyo, ngokungathi xa ifumana umvuzo kumqeshi.
Ngoko ke, xa kunokwenzeka kwaye kufanelekile kwiinjongo zakho zotyalo-mali, unganciphisa irhafu ngokugcina utyalo-mali ovelisa ingeniso, njengemali yebhanki kunye nemali ye-stock-producing-dividend, kwi-401 (k) okanye i-IRA yakho, kwaye ugcine imali , njengemali yokukhutshwa kwempahla, i-stock cap-stock cap, i-index ye-index, kunye ne-ETF, kwi-akhawunti yakho yokurhweba.
IRS Publication 550 yilapho uza kufumana ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga neyonyango yerhafu yemali kunye nemali yemarike yemali.
I-Pub 550 ichaza:
- yintoni inzala yentlawulo ehlawulwayo kwaye yintoni iindleko zotyalo-mali ezichithwayo,
- nini kwaye njani ukubonisa le nto kwi-tax return yakho,
- indlela yokumisela nokunika ingxelo ngeengeniso kunye nokulahlekelwa kwimeko yepropati yotyalo-mali,
- kunye nolwazi kwimisebenzi yepropati kunye neendawo zokungcebeleka irhafu.
Ixabiso leNkcitho yerhafu kwaye Ndingayifumana njani?
Ixabiso lentlawulo yerhafu lilinganisa inani lembuyiselo yonyaka otyalomali ulahlekelwa irhafu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umlinganiselo weendleko zerhafu yomzi-mali ngowama-2% kwaye ukubuya kwe-fund kungama-10%, ukubuya kwe-intanethi emva kwentlawulo ngu-8%. Ukufumana iimali ezifanelekileyo zerhafu, uya kujonga ixabiso lentlawulo ephantsi.
I-Morningstar yinkampani yokucwaninga ngemali kunye nokuhlalutya ibala kwaye inikeze ixabiso lentlawulo yerhafu. Nantsi indlela yokuyifumana kwisayithi yabo:
- Hamba kwi-Morningstar.com.
- Faka uphawu lweTikiti phezulu kwiphepha.
- Ngoku uhlala "kwikota" yephepha.
- Cofa kwikhonkco "yeRhafu" kwibar ye toolbar ngqo phantsi kwegama le-fund.
- Umlinganiselo weendleko zentela apha kweli phepha.
Ukuba unemibuzo, ungesabi ukuzama iWebhsayithi yeNgeniso yeNgeniso ye-Revenue kwi-IRS.gov. Akunzima kakhulu njengoko unokucinga!
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe njengeengcebiso zerhafu okanye iingcebiso zotyalo-mali. Qhagamshelana neengcali zerhafu ukufumana izikhokelo ezingcono kwiimeko zakho zerhafu. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.