Akuzona nje iinkampani ezinkulu ezifakela iimeko zeSahluko 11.
Iinkampani ezincinci kunye neefayile zabantu, nabo. Nangona ingaqhelekanga ngokuthelekiswa ngokuthelekiswa neZahluko 7 no- 13 , iSahluko 11 sisaphumelela kakhulu kwizahluko ezingabonakaliyo ezingabonakaliyo, njengeSahluko 9 , esetyenziswe oomasipala ukulungisa kwakhona amatyala abo.
Ngubani ovumelekile ukuFaka iSahluko 11?
Naliphi na ishishini okanye umntu angayifaka kwiSahluko 11 sokukhusela i-bankruptcy. Amashishini afaka nantoni na evela kwi-ownership corporation kwi-corporation kazwelonke. Amatyala e-bankruptcy afakwe yiinkampani zikaMongameli uTrump bonke iSahluko 11. (UDonald Trump akakaze afake isicelo sokutyunjwa.)
Ngenxa yokuba ziyaziwa luluntu njengesixhobo kwiinkampani ezinkulu ezinjenge- Borders Books , ngokusoloko zikumangalisa ukuba abantu bangasebenzisa iSahluko 11, nabo.
Isahluko 11 sisoloko sisetyenziswe ngabantu xa izikweletu zabo zidlula umda ovunyelwe iSahluko 13 , ngokukodwa: i-$ 394,725 kwi-matyala angasikhuseli kunye ne-$ 1,184,200 kwi-matyala aqinisekileyo ngo-Ephreli 1, 2016.
(La manani aya kulungiswa kwakhona ngo-Ephreli 1, 2019.)
Umthengisi-kwi-Possession
Kwi-filing ye-Chapter 11 yokufaka isicelo sokuchithwa , umboleki-mali, nokuba yintengiso okanye umntu, uba ngumntu onetyala kunye neentlawulo. Ixesha elibolekisiweyo libhekiselele ekubeni inkokhelo yeSahluko 11 igcina ipropati yayo kwaye iyaqhubeka iyinkxalabo.
Umboleki-on-possession uninzi lwamalungelo kunye noxanduva lomphathiswa we- bankruptcy . Ilungelo elilodwa kuphela elingafumanekiyo lilungelo lembuyekezo. Umboleki-on-possession angenza iifayile zokugweba ukukhutshwa kwemali kubathengi, ukufumana iimboleko kumntu onetyala, nokwamkela okanye ukwenqaba izivumelwano. Uninzi lwamagunya kufuneka lusetyenziswe ngokuvunyelwa kwenkundla. Nabani na umboleki okanye inkundla, ngokwabo, ingafuna ukuqeshwa komphathiswa we-bankruptcy ukuba atshintshe umboleki-kwi-ifowni ukuba bakholelwa ukuba unomdla ongcono kwi-property loss and creditors, njengokuba umboleki- - ukuphatha kakubi ukusetyenziswa kweempahla zayo.
Inkqubo
Emva kokuba ityala lifakwe, iishedyuli kunye namanye amaxwebhu afakwe, kunye neentlanganiso zababolekisiweyo , i-mboleki-in-heritage iqalisa inkqubo yokuvelisa isicwangciso sokulungiswa esilungileyo esamkelekileyo kubaboleki kunye nenkundla.
1. Ukuchazwa kwengxelo
Isinyathelo sokuqala kwiSahluko 11 sokuhlaziywa ngokutsha kwesigxina kukuqulunqwa kunye nokuvunyelwa kwesitatimenti sokubhengezwa. Isitatimenti sokubhengezwa ngumqulu ochaza isakhiwo somboleki kunye nendlela eqhuba ngayo ishishini layo. Isitatimenti sokubhengezwa kufuneka sinike ulwazi olwaneleyo kubabolekisi ukuchonga ukuba ukulungiswa kwakhona kungenzeka.
INkundla kufuneka ivume inkulumkiso yokubhengezwa phambi kwesinyathelo esilandelayo kwinkqubo yeSahluko 11, evota kwiCwangciso.
2. Isiqinisekiso
Isinyathelo esilandelayo siqinisekiso. Umboleki uya kuphakamisa icebo lokuhlelwa kwakhona kwabathengi. Ababolekisi bahlula kwiiklasi ngokwelo hlobo letyala. Ababolekisi bavotela kwisicwangciso. Ukuze icebo liqinisekiswe, ijaji kufuneka liyivume, kwaye bonke abakhubazekayo beklasi bafanele bayivume. Iklasi elinakukhubazeka yiklasi lababolekisi abaya kufumana ngaphantsi kunezinto ezibolekiweyo (ngokuqhelekileyo baninzi ababolekiweyo abanokukhubazeka). Kukho okungafaniyo nalo mgaqo ovumela ukuqinisekiswa phantsi kwenkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuchithwa."
3. I-Post-Confirmation
Izicwangciso ngokuqhelekileyo zibonelela ukuqeshwa kwe-ejenti yesicwangciso, umntu wesithathu oqhuba isicwangciso.
Ngokomzekelo, isicwangciso sinokubonelela ngeentlawulo zama-$ 50,000 ngenyanga ukuya kubabolekisi. I-arhente yesicwangciso iza kujongana nokusetyenziswa kweentlawulo. Isicwangciso sinokubonelela nendlela umntu okanye ishishini eliza kusebenza ngayo ukuvelisa imali yababolekisi ngexesha lesicwangciso, njengoko isicwangciso sinokunyamezela iminyaka emininzi.
Ukukhutshwa
Isicwangciso esiqinisekisiweyo sokulungiswa kwakhona siya kunika xa umboleki efumana ukukhutshwa kwamatyala. Ukukhutshwa kudla ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukugqitywa okukhulu kwesi sicwangciso, njengokuba uninzi lweentlawulo kumbolekisi zenziwe.
Iindleko
Mhlawumbi inqobo enkulu kunye neyokuqala isithintelo kwiSahluko 11 sokutshatyalaliswa kwindleko. Ukususela ngo-2006, umrhumo wokufaka ifowulda ye-Chapter 11 yi-$ 1,167 (ngo-Septemba 2016), ephezulu kunemali yeSahluko 7 . Isahluko 11 ababoleki banokuhlawula imali yokulawula rhoqo kwi-Trustee yase-United States yokunciphisa iindleko zokuthatha inxaxheba kweTrasti yase-US kwimeko. Ukongezelela, iSahluko 11 sinzima kakhulu, sifuna ukugcinwa kommeli ongenamava. Oku kubangela iindleko zokukhawuleza ukufakela kwiSahluko 11. Ngaphezu koko, iimeko zeSahluko 11 zinokubambisana kakhulu kwaye zibandakanya abathengi abaninzi abaxhasiweyo, okongeza ukongezwa kweendleko.
Ukuhlaziywa nguCarron Nicks ngoMeyi 2017.