Lo ngumbuzo ndifumana ngaphezulu kwamanye amagqwetha kunokuba ndifumane nawabantu. Kukho i-mystique malunga nokutyhafisa ukuba amanye amagosa angayifumani. Ndicinga ukuba yinxalenye yobuchwepheshe kunye nenxalenye yengqondo. Masifunde.
Ndiye ndenza umyalelo wokutshatyalaliswa kwimivuzo emininzi kwiminyaka engama-25 edlulileyo. Ngaphambi kokuba ndiye esikolweni somthetho, ndachitha iminyaka emininzi njengelungu likamabhalane esebenzela inkundla yasebhankini kwidolophu yam kwaye iminyaka emininzi isebenza kumthetho we-boutique umgaqo-mvume njengowomthetho.
Nangona emva kwesikolo somthetho, ndachitha iminyaka engumngeni kwaye unomvuzo njengobhala wenkundla kuMhlonishwa uJacques Wiener, ijaji kwiNkundla yeZibheno zeZizwe zeziBheno ze-USFifth, endiyilandelayo ngokubhala unyaka ohloniphekileyo uSteven Felsenthal, ngoko uMgwebi oyiNtloko Inkundla yeBhanki yase-United States yeSithili saseMntla yaseTexas.
Ndiyibonile umgaqo we-bankruptcy umthetho ukusuka kwimibono eyahlukeneyo, kwaye ndibone utshintsho oluninzi kule minyaka. Utshintsho kwimithetho, utshintsho endleleni esenza ngayo nokulawula amacala ethu, kwaye nokuba utshintsho ngendlela esithengisa ngayo imithetho yethu. Xa ndiqalisile, sasifaka izicelo zebhanki-ifom ngefomu - kunye ne-IBM Selectric tyewriters. Emva kokuba ezo fom (eziveliswe ubuncinane nge-triplicate, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokusebenzisa i-carbon paper inserts) zifakwe, zifundwa kwaye zityinwe, zafuneka zihanjiswe kwi-Ofisi kaMabhalane weSithili seNkundla yokuPhukisa apho babeza kufakwa khona ngexesha (phakathi kweeyure ze-8: 30 ekuseni kunye no-4: 00 ntambama, ngoMsombuluko ukuya kuLwesihlanu), kufakwa kwiifolda zeefayile kwaye zilawulwe ngesandla.
Ukuguqulwa kobuGcisa bomThetho wokuThatyalaliswa
Amagqwetha amaninzi asandula atshabalalisa aya kuqonda ukuba iikhomputha kunye nesofthiwe ye-bankruptcy ilawulwa. Ngoku sisebenzisa iiprogram ezimangalisayo ezifana neBhangeruptcy Pro kunye nePhepha eliMnandi ukugcina nokulandelela ulwazi olufunekayo kwimeko nganye, ukulawula amaphepha ethu, ukuvelisa amaxwebhu ethu, aguqulelwe ama-PDF aze afakwe kwi-intanethi iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki, kwinkqubo nganye yeeNkcukacha zeFowuni yoFilda.
Kulabo bacinga ukuba bangena kwi-bankruptcy njengokhethekileyo okanye njengokuba bancedisa kwezinye iindawo zokusebenza, uyazibuza ukuba yintoni isenzo sokubhankqalaza sibonakala ngathi namhlanje.
I-Litigation kunye neMisebenzi yokuTshintshana
Ndihlala ndixelela abantu abacela ukuba loo bhanki iyingxenye yomthetho wokuthengiselana kunye nenxalenye yokugweba. Umthetho othengiselanayo uquka ezo zinto zizodwa ezibizwa ngokuba "ngaphakathi" okanye kwiofisi zomthetho. Ziquka kakhulu umkhiqizo womsebenzi obangela amaxwebhu athile. Izivumelwano, izithenxo, irhafu, ukucwangciswa kwezindlu, i-corporation, i-real estate, ipropati yengqondo kunye neengqesho zizinye zeendawo apho abaninzi banokuwuqwalasela umthetho wokuthengisa ngenxa yokuba amagqwetha asebenzayo kwiindawo zihlala zifumana ukuba azinqabile ukuba aye enkundleni.
Ngokwahlukileyo, igqwetha elenza ulwaphulo-mthetho luza kufumana enkundleni, ngamanye amaxesha imihla ngemihla, ukuphikisana ngokulungiselela ilingo, okanye ukuqhuba ityala ngokwayo. Kwaye, xa engekho enkundleni, usebenza kwiingxabano ezinokuthi ziphelelwe ngamatyala enkundla okanye ziya kulungiswa phambi kokuba zifakwe. Ngako-ke, ininzi yento enokuthi i-litigator yenzayo yenzelwe ukucinga ukuba imbambano iya kugqiba phambi kwejaji.
Nangona "iofisi" ezichazwe apha ngasentla zinakho kwaye zibandakanya iingxabano ezikhokelela kwiimeko zamatyala (cinga ukuba i-controversy will contest, ulwaphulo-melwano, ukuchaswa kwabasebenzi, njl.) Efuna ubuchule bombambano, ezinye izinto ezizodwa zifuna ukuxazulula imeko . Ezi zibandakanya umthetho wobugebengu, ulwaphulo-mali, umthetho wezentlalo, ukulimala ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokuchithwa kwezokwelapha.
Isenzo sebhanki sidibanisa zombini le hlabathi. Ukuchithwa yinkqubo yokuchasana ngokwemvelo. Abathengi, abo bantu kunye namaziko afaka iifayile ze-bankruptcy, enenjongo yokukhupha (ekupheliseni) uxanduva kwityala abanalo okanye ukulungelelanisa imimiselo yetyala. Oku akuhambelani kakuhle neminqweno yomboleki. Ngako oko, iCongress inqume inkqubo yeemithetho, ebizwa ngokuba yikhowudi ye-bankruptcy, ukulawula inkqubo kunye nenkundla ukuyixabisa.
Ngoxa iimeko ezichasayo zokubhankwa kwebhanki zenza umgudu wobugwenxa, kuqhutywe kakhulu. Inkqubo yokusebenzisa ikhowudi ye-bankruptcy idinga umntu onetyala ukuba anikezele ngokubanzi ulwazi malunga namatyala, i-asethi, ukusebenzisana ngemali kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ingeniso kunye neendleko. Olu lwazi luhlanganiswe kwinqaku leempepha ezibizwa ngokuba ngama shedyuli kunye neengxelo.
Iishedyuli zifakwe kwiimeko zonke zokutsalwa kwebhanki. Ixesha elifunekayo lokuqokelela kunye nokubeka loo nkcazelo kwifomu njengoko kufunwa yikhowudi ye-bankruptcy iya kuba yinto eninzi ngexesha lakhe igqwetha kunye nabasebenzi balo bachitha le nkundla.
Ikhowudi ye-bankruptcy iyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kungekhona i-labyrinth oyifumana kuyo nayiphi na ikhowudi yentela, nangona kunjalo. Kucacisiwe kwinxalenye yokubeka inkqubo ngokucacileyo ngokunokwenzeka ukuze kuninzi ukuthathwa kwezigqibo kugwenywe kwaye oko kushiywe kuhlanjululwe. Ngokomzekelo, esikhundleni sokuba ijaji kufuneka ikhethe isigqibo sokuba ngaba umntu ngamnye uhlawulwa, ikhowudi ye-bankruptcy ibonisa ukuba onke amatyala akhululwa ngaphandle kokuba awele phantsi kweqela elincinci la matyala, okanye ngaphandle kokuba umbolekisi afune ukukhupha.
UQhagamshelwano lokuqala
Uninzi lweziganeko ziya kuqala ngokubonisana kokuqala. Lindela ngexesha lokubonisana kokuqala
- Ngaba abanamatyala batyikitya ukuchazwa kokuqala okufunekayo yiCongress.
- Vumela umxhasi ukuba aveze kwaye anikezele ukuqinisekiswa. Oku ubuncinane ama-50% okuqala kokubonisana. Igosa lifumana ukuthembela komthengi ngendlela yokuzola kodwa eyiyo. Abaxhasi bafuna ukwazi ukuba ugqwetha uyazi izinto zakhe. Amagqwetha kufuneka kwakhona aqonde ukuba malunga ne-50% yento abayithetha ngayo abathengi babo kule nganiso abayi kubhalisa. Ndihlala ndibonisa ukuba igqwetha ligcina iphepha lokukopela kunye neengongoma ezibalulekileyo ekulufundela lula uluhlu lwabaxumi ukuba bathabathe entlanganisweni.
- Ukuvavanya injongo yomxhasi, umzekelo, ukukhupha ityala elingalondoloziwe, ugcine indlu ukusuka ekungqiniweyo, gcina imoto ukusuka ekuhlaleni.
- Ukunika ingqalelo ityala eliyintloko, ingeniso kunye neenkcukacha zeendleko kwaye usebenze uvavanyo lokuqala lokuqala ukuze ufumane ingcamango enzima ukuba ngaba umxhasi uza kufumana iSahluko 7 .
- Funda kumxhasi ukuba ngaba amanye amatyala, njengeentlawulo ezingenasiswanga okanye iimbopheleleko zenkxaso yasekhaya, angenza iSahluko 13 sithandeke.
- Cacisa inkqubo yebhanki.
- Ukuphonononga iphepha lokusebenzela eliza kuba ngumthengi ukuqokelela ulwazi oluyimfuneko kwiishedyuli. Musa ukunika umthengi ishedyuli esingenanto yeeshedyuli. Ezi fom ziyesabisa kakhulu kwaye zizele ngokusemthethweni. Kukho imizekelo emininzi yamaphepha eWebhu. Abathengisi beprojekti abaphambili baya kubandakanya ipakethe yokusebenzela kwiilayibrari zabo. Nasi umzekelo wesethi yamaphepha omsebenzi . Nantsi enye.
- Iintlawulo ze-quote kunye neendleko zeenkundla kwaye zibandakanya ingxoxo engenangqiqo malunga nendlela umthengi eya kuza ngayo ngemali, kunye nenkcazo yeso sivumelwano sokugcina.
Ukusebenzisa abaPalagials
Igama malunga namaqela. Amafestile amaninzi, ngokukodwa amafayili aphezulu aphezulu, asebenzise ama-paralegals ukukhupha abaxhasi. Ngoxa le nto ayikho into ekhohlakeleyo, abathengi abanakho abayikuxabisa ukugcinwa kweendleko, nangona uzama ukubonisa ukuba kuya kubakhokelela imali ekuhambeni kwexesha. Abaninzi abazange badibane nommeli ngaphambili. Bafuna ukwazi ukuba basezandleni ezilungileyo kwaye ukuba igosa liyakhathalela. Baqesha wena, kungekhona ummeli, emva kwakho konke. Ngoko ke, nangona usebenzisa abasebenzi bakho ukwenza uqhagamshelwano lokuqala okanye uncede ukuqokelela ulwazi, ngumsebenzi wakho wokuziphatha kumxhasi wakho ukuba uxoxe ngalezo zinto kwiingxoxo zokuqala ezingabandakanyeka iingcebiso zomthetho, njengendlela yokuhlolwa kweendlela, ukhetho lwesahluko, iifizi kunye nesigqibo sokumela.
Xa umthengi ehlawule umrhumo, xa kunikwe lonke ulwazi kunye namaxwebhu afanelekileyo ukuba afake iimeko kwaye amaxwebhu akhutshwa, kuya kufuneka ukuba ugqwetha lihlaziye amaxwebhu kunye nomxhasi. Qaphela ukuba andizange ndithi ukunika amaxwebhu ukuba ahlaziywe. Umgangatho ogqwesileyo (umsebenzi kuphela kwimbono yam) kufuna ukuba igqwetha lihlale phantsi kunye nomxhasi kwaye liphonononge iphepha ngalinye ukuba lichazele oko umthengi uya kuqinisekisa xa umthengi ebonisa amaxwebhu phantsi kwehlawulo yecalajury.
UkuFakela Amaphepha kunye nokuKhutshwa kweMatyala kwi-Bankruptcy
Izicelo zeBhancercy, njenge-Bankruptcy Pro kunye ne-Case Best, ayibalulekanga kwisenzo esisebenzayo. Ukuba igqwetha linokufikelela kumatshini wokubhala, unako ukuthayipha iphepha ngalinye ngesandla. Kodwa ngubani oya kuthanda? Ezi nkqubo zinezikrini ezisebenzisayo ezingathabatha inxalenye enye yolwazi kwaye zifumane iifom ezininzi. Ziqulethe ukufika kumanani amanani okunciphisa ukuxolelwa , imivuzo emfutshane, kunye neendleko zovavanyo lweendlela . Kwakhona ziqulethe iifom zendawo, njengezicwangciso ezikhethekileyo zeSahluko 13. Baguqula iifomu ezizalisiweyo kwiifom zePSs baze bavumele ukufakwa ngokuthe ngqo ngqo kwinkundla kwisicelo. Uninzi luyakuthi luqulethe inkqubo yoqwalaselo lwegama lokudala ifom efana nemigqaliselo, imiyalelo, iileta, iifishthi zokusebenzela kunye neenkcukacha zokujonga.
Ukufakela iiPhepha
Ayikho mizuzu yokugqibela yokuhamba kwi-courtroom ukuze ungene phantsi kocingo ngemini ngaphambi kokuba kuqinisekiswe. Ngoku, onke amagosa kufuneka afake i-electronic ngokusebenzisa i-ECF) kwinkqubo yekhompyutha yefowuni. Ngokuqhelekileyo idibaniswe ne-PACER (iwebhusayithi yewebsite yenkundla evumela ukuba kufumaneke ukufikelela kwamatokethi kunye namaxwebhu karhulumente), i-ECF yindlela yokuzila ngokukhawuleza, eyiyo yonke into efunekayo ukuba ifakwe kwimeko.
Ixesha leNkundla
KwiSahluko 7 ngokuthe ngqo kwimeko yecala lokutshintshwa, umboleki mhlawumbi akayi kubeka inyawo enkundleni ukuze anqine phambi kwejaji ye-bankruptcy. Oko akuthethi ukuba umboleki akasoze anike ubungqina. Okokuqala kwaye phambili, abanetyala batyikitye iishedyuli zebhanki phantsi kwesigwebo se-perjury , njengokuba amaninzi amanqaku athe umntu onetyala uya kufaka enkundleni. Okwesibini, inkundla inika umphathiswa kwiSahluko 7 kunye necala leSahluko 13 (amacandelo eSahluko 11 alawulwa ngokwahlukileyo). I-trustee inemisebenzi emininzi, kodwa enye ibone ukuba ulwazi olunikezwe inkundla luchanekile kwaye luzalisekile. I-trustee iya kuba ngumhlangano wabathengi kwiimeko. Kwabaninzi abanetyala, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, akukho nabakhokhwa kwiintlanganiso. Kodwa inika umphathiswa ithuba lokubuza umboleki malunga naluphi na ukungahambisani kwiishedyuli zakhe okanye ukucela ukucaciswa okanye amaxwebhu angeziwe, ukuba luncedo. Olu bungqina lunikezelwa phantsi kwesifungo kwaye luba yingxenye yerekodi yecala, kwaye lusetyenziswe kamva ukuxhasa okanye ukubuyisa ubungqina kamva. Umhlangano wabathengi, nangona kunjalo, ngomthetho awunakuqhutywa okanye phambi kwejaji ye-bankruptcy.
Igqwetha lomboleki liya kuhamba kunye nomntu onetyala kwaye ahlale nomntu onetyala ngexesha leentlanganiso zabathengi, kwaye ngokwenene kufuneka abe netyala kuye nayiphi na into anokuthintana naye. Nangona ininzi yemibuzo kwiintlanganiso iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo, igqwetha lifanele lilungiselele umxhasi phambi kwexesha ukuba lilindele ntoni kwaye kufuneka lilungele ukubuza umboleki ukuba acacise okanye anikezele ngolwazi olongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa iirekhodi ezipheleleyo nezichanekileyo.
Ixesha lemizuzu eyi-60 yokulinda
Emva kwentlanganiso yabathengi, umyalelo uchaza ukuba umboleki kufuneka alinde iintsuku ezingama-60 ngaphambi kokuba inkundla ikhuphe ukukhutshwa . Oku akunjalo, kodwa, ixesha lokulinda. Umphathiswa kunye nababolekisi basebenzisa eli xesha ukuhlaziya amaphepha omboleki, ukuphanda nokugqiba ukuba ngaba kuyimfuneko engaphezulu.
I-trustee iya kuqwalasela ukuba ngaba ukuxolelwa ngumntu onetyala kulungile ngohlobo kunye nexabiso. Ukuba unenkxalabo, unokucela ulwazi olongezelelweyo kumntu onetyala. Unako ukufakela isikhalazo kwiimpazamo xa enenkinga engaphendulwanga ngokukhawuleza. Unentsuku ezingama-30 kuphela emva kokupheliswa kwentlanganiso yabathengi ukuba bafake isikhalazo.
Ukuba kukho impahla engeyiyo ikhutshwe ukuba umphathiswa angakwazi ukuhlawulela inzuzo yababolekisi, uya kuqalisa inkqubo yokutshintshisa impahla. Le nkqubo izimeleyo kwaye ingaqhubeka ixesha elide emva kokuba inkundla ikhuphe ukukhutshwa.
Umboleki unakho ukulahlekelwa ilungelo lokukhwabanisa ukuba wenza inkohliso enkundleni, asebenzise kakubi inkqubo yokubhankqalaza ngokufaka iSahluko 7 xa ekwazi ukuhlawula iintlawulo kwiSahluko 13, wenqaba ukusebenzisana ne-trustee, ehluleka ukuya umhlangano wabathengi okanye ezinye izizathu. Umphathiswa uya kusebenzisa eli xesha ukufumanisa ukuba izizathu zikhoyo ukuxhasa isikhalazo sokukhanyela ukukhutshwa kwetyala.
Ngexesha lemizuzu engama-60 yokulinda, ababolekisi nabo banokuxakeka. Uninzi lwetyala elingakhuselekanga lukhutshwa ngaphandle kombuzo, ngenxa yokucaca nokuchaneka kwekhowudi ye-bankruptcy. Ngokufanayo, ezinye iitalato azenzekanga ngokuzenzekelayo, njengentlawulo yakutshanje. Amanye amatyala awela phakathi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zikhutshwa ngaphandle kokuba umboleki-mali okanye umboleki ezisa phambi kwenkundla. Ngokomzekelo, iimali-mboleko zabafundi azivumi ukukhutshwa, kodwa umboleki angazizisa phambi kwenkundla aze abuze ukuba iikhredithi zomfundi zivakaliswe. Umboleki-mali unokufaka isenzo kwinkundla yebhanki ukuba ityala livakaliswe. Ezi zinto zingabandakanya ukuthengwa kwezinto zokuthengisa ezithengiswayo okanye ukunyuka kwemali okanye amatyala afunyanwa ngumboleki.
Ngaphandle kokuba kunwetshiwe, umhla wokugqibela ukufaka isenzo sokuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwetyala elithile emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 emva kokupheliswa kwentlanganiso yabathengi, ngoko ke umhla wokugqibela.
Nangona ababolekisi kunye ne-trustee baxakeke ukuvavanya le meko, ugqwetha lomboleki ufumana i-breather, kunene? Akunjalo. Ukuba umboleki uvikelekile kwipropati, kufuneka ukuba afake ifom kunye needyuli zakhe ezibizwa ngeNkcazo yeSenzo . Le nkcazo ithetha inkundla kwaye ibolekisa into enenjongo yokuyenza kunye nepropati: ukuzinikela, ukuqinisekisile okanye ukuyikhulula . INkcazo yeSigqibo kufuneka ifakwe ngaphandle kweentsuku ezingama-30 emva kokuba ityala lifakwe okanye ngomhla weentlanganiso zabathengi, nantoni na ngaphambili. Ikhowudi yebhanki idinga ukuba isenzo sithathwe kwiSaziso seNjongo ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-45 zomhlangano wabathengi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umbolekisi uya kuqalisa nayiphi na isenzo sokunikezela okanye ukukhupha ipropati (hlawula ixabiso layo ngokuzaliseka ngokupheleleyo kwetyala). Ababolekisi bavame ukukhokelela ekuqinisekiseni, banike iifom kummeli wetyala, ngubani oza kuwuphonononga kwaye acebise umxhasi ukuba ngaba umxhesho ophezulu kumthengi ukuqinisa okanye ukuqhubeka nokuhlawula ityala elikhuselekile. Amagqwetha kufuneka aqinisekiswe kwifom yokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuqinisekiswa akubanga "ubunzima obubi" kumntu onetyala. Ukuba ummeli ukholelwa ngenye indlela okanye nayiphi na isizathu esingaqinisekanga, umthengi unokusayina le fom, kodwa inkundla iya kululela ukuqinisekiswa kwentetho ukwenzela ukuba inkundla ikwazi ukuzimisela ukuba ingaba ukuqinisekiswa kuyafaneleka. Jonga ukukhutshwa ngaphantsi.
Ukuba umphathiswa uya kubuthana nokulawula i-asethi, umphathiswa uya kucela inkundla ukuba ithumele isaziso kubathengi ukuba bafake izicelo zamabango. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umphathiswa uya kuhlaziya kwaye afune ukungena kwiimangalo ezingafanelekanga, kodwa kungakho nokuba ummeli weetyala enze okufanayo. Kunokwenzeka, nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuba ayifumanekanga, ukuba amabango anele anqatshelwe ukuba i-asethi-asele-ayimfuneko ukuba anelise amabango-angabuyiselwa kumboleki.
Ukukhutshwa
Kwiintsuku ezidlulileyo, iinkundla ziza kufuna ukuba abatyalale baye kwintlanganiso yenkundla kwangethuba emva kokuba ixesha lokulinda lemihla engama-60 lisebenze ukuze kulungele ukukhutshwa. Kuloo ndlebe, ijaji yayiqhele ukunika ababolekisi abahlangeneyo ukuba bathethe intetho "ngokuqala". Eye yahamba indlela yokufowunelwa kwexwebhu lokuposa. Ngoku, abatyala kuphela abafunekayo ukuba bavele enkundleni ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwabo batyala abathile abaqinisekisa kwakhona amatyala. Abo bangabathengi babecala (abangafanelwe ngamagqwetha) okanye ababolekisi abo amagqwetha abo athe wenqaba ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuqinisekiswa akubanga "ubunzima obubi" kumntu onetyala. Nangona akunjalo ngokusemthethweni ukuba igqwetha libe khona kwiindlebe ekuqinisekiseni, abanye baya Ngelishwa, oku kungenza igosa libe yinto engafanelekanga yokuxabana kunye nabarhoxayo, ngakumbi ukuba ijaji icela ukuba igqwetha lichaze ukuba kutheni okanye alikwazi ukuqinisekisile "ukungaxhatshazi."