I-Principal Overriding Principle: I-Start Start
Umgaqo ogqithiseleyo kwi-bankruptcy yiyo "yokuqalisa ngokutsha." Ingcamango kukuba wonke umntu ofake iifowuni yebhanki kufuneka aphume kuso kwisikhundla esilungele ukuhlawula amaxesha anzima, qala ngokutsha kwaye uqhubeke nobomi.
Awukwazi ukwenza loo nto ukuba awunayo eyaneleyo yezinto ezisiseko ukuze uqhubeke nobomi. Indlela yodwa eyenzekayo kukuba i-filer - umntu esibiza ngokuba "umboleki" - ishiywe kwipropati eyaneleyo yokuxhasa yena kunye namalungu entsapho axhomekeke kuyo.
Xa umntu okanye isibini esitshatileyo efayili ityala le-bankruptcy, akufuneki ukuba bajike bonke abakho kwinkundla nabathengi. Bavunyelwe ukugcina inani elithile lepropati ukususela kulabo babolekisi. Iimpahla ezibolekiweyo zigcinwa zibizwa ngokuba zikhutshelwe impahla. Ipropati ekhutshwayo iya kubandakanya inani elithile lokulingana kwipropati yangempela, njengendlu yasekhaya, impahla yepropati njengenfenitshala, iimpahla, izinto zekhitshini, enye okanye izithuthi ezininzi, izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa urhwebo okanye umsebenzi, umlinganiselo othile wemvuzo okhoyo, ukuxhasa abantwana, i-alimony, kunye nezinye iinkxaso zenkxaso, kunye nezinye izinto.
Abantu ngabanye banako ukukhupha impahla. Iimpahla zeenkampani ezifakela iSahluko sesi-7 se- bankruptcy ziya kuhluthwa ngokupheleleyo.
Impahla yenkampani efaka iSahluko 11 sokulungiswa ngokuqhelekileyo ayiyi kutyalwa ngaphandle kokuba iqumrhu likhetha ukwenza njalo ukuxhaswa isicwangciso sokulungiswa kwakhona. Ngaphandle koko, iSahluko 11 esinetyala siza kusebenzisa i-revenue revenue.
Yiyiphi ipropati ekhuselweyo okanye ekhutshwe kwimeko ye-bankruptcy?
Lo ngumbuzo oqaqambileyo, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwimeko ohlala kuyo, nangona i-bankruptcy ilawulwa ngumthetho wesigqeba.
Inokuxhomekeka kwindlela ode uhlala ngayo kwimeko. Urhulumente ngamnye unesicwangciso esahlukileyo kwaye avumela abahlali ukuba bakhululwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zepropati ngexabiso elithile. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iinjongo zifana neTexas, phantsi kweemeko ezithile unako ukuxolela bonke ubulungisa kwindlu yakho, nokuba ngaba i-dolsion yezigidi ezigidi. Kodwa kwezinye iindawo, njengeKentucky, unokwenza u-$ 5,000 kuphela ngokulingana ekhaya.
Ukuxolelwa ngokucacileyo koMbuso
Wonke urhulumente unesikimu sakhe sokuxolelwa. Abantu abaninzi baqhelana nokuxolelwa kwepropati yangempela efumanekayo kubanini bezindlu, abemi abakhulileyo, abalimi kunye nabanye abavumela umntu ohlala kuyo ukunciphisa iindleko zerhafu yepropati. Amazwe abuye anikezelwe ukuxhomekeka kwipropati umhlali onokukhusela ekufikeleleni kwababolekisi abaza kufuna loo maxabiso ukuze bathengise kwaye banelise izigwebo kunye namanye amatyala.
Xa iKhowudi yeBhangeli yenziwe ngo-1978, iCongress yagqiba ukuvumela i-state nganye ukuba ikhethe ukuba ngaba abahlali bayo bekuya kufuneka basebenzise i-scheme ye-exemption exemption, nokuba ngaba abahlali baya kuvunyelwa ukuba bakhethe phakathi kwesikimu sabo sokuxolelwa kunye nenye equlethwe kwiCode Bankruptcy ngokwayo . Okwangoku, ezi zilandelayo zivumela abahlali ukuba bakhethe phakathi kokuxolelwa kwezemfundo okanye zombuso.
Zonke ezinye iindawo zivumela kuphela ukukhululwa kombuso:
- Alaska
- Arkansas
- Connecticut
- District of Columbia
- EHawaii
- EMassachusetts
- EMichigan
- Minnesota
- ENew Hampshire
- Enew Jersey
- ENew Mexico
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- ETexas
- Vermont
- EWashington
- Wisconsin
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nesicwangciso sokukhululwa komntu othile, tyelela le mithombo ephezulu kakhulu: Ukuxoshwa kweNgxowa-mali nguRhulumente.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nenkqubo yokukhululwa komthetho, funda ukuxolelwa kwe- Federal Bankruptcy Exemptions .
Umthetho we-730/180 weeNkundla zokufaka isicelo sokuXhoxiswa koRhulumente kwiNgxowa-mali
Ukusebenzisa ukukhululwa kombuso, kufuneka uhlale (ulawulwa) kwindawo leyo kwiintsuku ezingama-730 (iminyaka emi-2) ngaphambi kokuba ufake ifowuni. Ukuba awuzange uhlale kwimeko yangoku ubuncinane ubuncinane kwiintsuku ezingama-730, kufuneka usebenzise ukukhululwa kombuso apho uhlala khona ixesha elidlulileyo kwiintsuku ezili-180 phambi kwaloo nyaka unyaka-730/2 phambi kokufakela.
Ukuze ufunde ngokubanzi malunga nendlela lo mgaqo usebenza ngayo, jonga isigqibo sokuba yiziphi iimeko zokuxhomekeka kweeNkcukacha zokuFunda .
Ukunye malunga nokuxoxwa kwee-bankruptcy kunye nemithetho yokusebenza, yabona
Ukuxoxwa kweeNgxowa-mali ezichaphazelekayo kuthintela njani iSahluko 13 kunye neSahluko se-11
Ukuxoshwa kwe-Federal Bankruptcy
Ukukhululwa kwe-Non-bankruptcy Exemptions
Ukukhetha Phakathi koMbuso kunye neNgxowa-mali yokuBhankanya i-Federal Bank
Ukuhlaziywa nguCarron Nicks, ngoNovemba 2016