Awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-bankruptcy ukuphelisa ixesha elidlulileyo ngenxa yokuxhasa abantwana okanye i-alimony. Unokwazi ukusebenzisa i-bankruptcy ukuphelisa iimbopheleleko ezithile phantsi kweendawo zokuhlala. Kodwa ukutshatyalaliswa kusenokukunceda ngenxa yokuba ungayisebenzisa ukulawula iidluli zakho ezidlulileyo ngenxa yoxanduva lwekhaya lwasekhaya kwaye ugcine ungekho kwinkundla yentsapho kwaye mhlawumbi uphuma ejele.
Iintlobo zeeNkxaso zeNkxaso zeNdlu kwiNkundla yokuThoxiswa
Ikhowudi ye-bankruptcy ichaza "uxanduva lwekhaya lokuxhaswa" njengetyala "ngohlobo lwe-alimony, ukugcinwa, okanye inkxaso" ehlawulwa ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano sokuhlukanisa, umyalelo wesahlukaniso, okanye isivumelwano sokuhlaliswa kwempahla; umyalelo wenkundla, okanye esinye isigqibo esenziwe phantsi komthetho ongasigxina (ngokuqhelekileyo karhulumente).
Phawula ulwimi oluthileyo, "ngohlobo lwalo." Ikhowudi ye-bankruptcy iyavuma ukuba ityala linokuthiwa enye into, kodwa ngokwenene ikhonza enye injongo. Siyabona oku ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokuhlala eziphathekayo ezijoliswe ekusebenzeni njenge-stand-in ye-alimony okanye isondlo sokutshata. Ngenxa yokuba kuthiwa into, ayenzi nto. Ngoko ke, imigwebo nemigqaliselo evela kwijaji zenkundla yeentsapho kufuneka ihlolwe yinkantolo yebhanki ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingaba amalungiselelo abo anikezela i-DSO, engenakukhutshwa, okanye olunye uhlobo lwesahlulo sepropati somtshato esingasikhutshwa.
Ukuxhaswa kwabantwana ibhizinisi elikhulu e-United States, kodwa ngaphantsi kwabazali ababini abaxhasiweyo banokufumana inkxaso yonkxaso yabantwana ekufuneka bayifumane phantsi komyalelo wenkundla okanye isivumelwano esingavumelekanga. Abazali abaxhasiweyo banikezela ngenkxaso yabantwana, ngokuqhelekileyo bafumana ngaphantsi kwe-70 ekhulwini yemali efunekayo.
Yintoni eyenzekayo kwinkxaso yabantwana engahlawulwayo? Ityala likhula kwaye likhule nje njengalinye na ityala elingakhokhelwa. Ezi ntlawulo ziza kufakwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imiphumo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuxhomekeka apho uhlala khona, abaphathi banako:
- hlawula inzala kwimali edlulileyo
- papasha igama lakho kunye nomfanekiso kwiphepha "abazali abafa" kwiphephandaba
- khanyela i sicelo sakho sepaspoti
- ukuthatha umvuzo wakho, i-akhawunti yakho yasebhanki, kunye nokubuyiswa kwakho kwentela
- ubeke unxibelelwano olubhekiselele kwindlu yakho kunye nezinye izinto ezikhoyo
- ukunika ingxelo kwii-credit bureaus
- ukumisa ilayisenisi yakho yokuqhuba
- ukumisa ilayisenisi yakho yobungcali
- kukuhlawula ngokudelela
- phila wena
- kukubeka entolongweni
KwiSahluko 7 iimeko ezigqityiweyo zebhanki, amaninzi amatyala angaxolelwa, okanye akhululwe. Uninzi lwamatyala ekhadi lekhredithi, iimali-mboleko zemali, kunye neendleko zonyango ziya kupheliswa ukuze uvumele umntu onetyala (umntu ofake ityala le-bankruptcy) ukuba aqale ukuqala.
Nangona iibhanki kunye namanye amashishini angakwazi ukufumana ilahleko ezi zikhethiweyo, abazali abangabodwa abavumi ukuguquguquka kwaye banenzima kakhulu xa inkxaso yenkxaso yomntwana ifikeleleka, okanye iphakame. Uninzi lwezi ntsapho luphela ngoncedo loluntu. Umbutho unomdla omkhulu, kokubili ukuziphatha nokusebenza, ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abazali abangenabangozi bancedisa ukuhlawulwa kwabantwana njengoko kuyalwe. Ngako oko, abazali abahlukumezayo abakwazi nje ukuphelisa loo mbopheleleko ngokufaka ifowuni ye-bankruptcy.
Kodwa, umzali obolekwa inkxaso yenkxaso enomntwana angasebenzisa i-bankruptcy ukulawula ezo zithuba ezidlulileyo ngenxa yokuhlawulwa kwabantwana. Bona ngezantsi.
I-Alimony kunye ne-Maintenance: Ukwaphulwa ngaphandle kokuphuma, imali efunekayo kumlingane kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezintathu:
- ityala kufuneka libe ngohlobo lwe-alimony, ukugcinwa, okanye inkxaso,
- ityala kufuneka lihlawulwe kumntu owayengumlingane, kwaye
- ityala kufuneka lenzeke ngokumalunga nesivumelwano sokuhlukanisa, umtshato, okanye isivumelwano sokuhlaliswa kwempahla okanye enye inkundla yenkundla.
Ekuqaliseni umba wokukhutshwa, ezininzi iinkalo zibandakanya imfuno yokuqala. Ukuba inkundla yomtshato kunye namaqela anenjongo yokuba ibhaso lisebenze njengesondlo, ayiyi kukhutshwa. Kodwa, ukuba ibhaso ngokwenene ikwahlula ipropati, inokuphathwa ngokuhlukileyo nangona ibhalwe ngokuthi "alimony" okanye "inkxaso".
Ekuqaliseni ukuba ngaba uxanduva luyinkxaso, umgaqo wesigxina uthi imali efunekayo ukunceda umlingane ofumanayo ukugcina iimfuno ezisisiseko inkxaso. Ngaphandle kwaloo mgaqo wesigxina, iinkundla zikhangelelanisa kwizinto eziliqela zokuqinisekisa ukuba ityala "lingumntu" wenkxaso okanye ulondolozo.
Nalu uluhlu olufutshane:
- Ngaba umbopheleleko ubonakala njengenkxaso kumyalelo wokuqhawula umtshato?
- Ingaba umbopheleleko ubekwe kwiqendu elibhalwe "inkxaso"?
- Ingaba uxanduva luphela xa elinye iqabane lifa okanye litshata kwakhona?
- Ingaba uxanduva lokuhlawulwa kwii-installments ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokuba isisitye
- Ngaba kukho umda omkhulu phakathi kweengeniso zamaqela?
- Ngaba iintlawulo zenzelwe ukulinganisela imali?
- Ngaba akukho nanye ithetha ngeentlawulo zenkxaso kulo myalelo?
- Ngaba kukho abantwana abafuna inkxaso?
- Ngaba intlawulo ehlawulwa kumlingane owamkelayo?
Ukuphendula "ewe" kule mibuzo ibonisa ukuba ibhaso lenkxaso. Inkxaso ayikhutshwanga kwimeko yeSahluko 7 okanye kwimeko yeSahluko 13, kodwa njengoko siza kubona, unokusebenzisa iSahluko 13 ukulawula ityala kwaye uyihlawule.
Izivumelwano zokuhlaliswa kweZakhiwo zihlala zisetyenziselwa kwimeko yokuqhawula umtshato ukuba zihlule ixabiso elibini eliphantsi komtshato. Bayakwazi kwaye basoloko besetyenziselwa ukubeka isivumelwano semibutho ngokubhekiselele kubani abaza kuhlawula ngamatyala.
Uninzi lweendawo zokuhlala zepropati alukhutshwe kwimeko yeSahluko 7. Kukho ubuncinane iindidi ezimbini zepropati okanye ukwahlukana kwamatyala okungahlawulwa kwiimeko zeSahluko 13: zibambe izivumelwano ezingenakubungozi kunye nemali endaweni yezinye iimpahla.
Ukubamba ingozi: Ezinye zala matyala zinokuthi zithathwe ngumnye okanye bobabini bomlingane ukuze kuzuze intsapho. Ingaba iqabane lingathabatha uxanduva lokuhlawula nayiphi na amatyala. Isivumelwano sokuhlaliswa kwepropati sivumelwano esinyanzelekileyo phakathi kwamaqela. Kodwa akunyanzelwanga kwiinkampani zekhadi lesikweletu. Ngoko ke, malunga nenkampani yekhadi lekhredithi, umntu ovule i-akhawunti usenomthwalo kwaye unembopheleleko yokubona ukuba ihlawulwe. Yilapho "kubambelela khona inkunkuma".
Umzekelo : Masithi uRoger wavula iakhawunti yekhadi lesikweletu nge-First National Bank egameni lakhe, kodwa wasebenzisa leli khadi ukuhlawula iindleko ezenziwa yintsapho okanye ngenzuzo yentsapho, uMila, lakhe iqabane, uyavuma ukuthatha loo matyala njengenxalenye yendawo yokuhlala yabo yokuhlala. Ukuba uMila uyeka ukuhlawula iintlawulo, u-First National uya kujonga uRoger ukuba enze iintlawulo kuba i-akhawunti egameni lakhe. Kodwa, igqwetha likaMila lafuna ukuba isivumelwano sesivumelwano sokuhlala kwisiqithi sifake "imfuneko yokungenanto engafanelekanga". Le nto ibonelelo elingenzi nangozi yenza uMila uxanduva lokubuyisela uRoger ukuba kufuneka enze iintlawulo kwi-akhawunti.
Ngokomzekelo wethu, ngenxa yokubamba inzuzo engenakunobungozi, uMila unetyala kwiRoger. Lelo tyala alinakukhutshwa kwimeko yeSahluko 7, kodwa inokukhutshwa kwimeko yeSahluko 13.
Iintlawulo zokuhlawula imali: Ngamanye amaxesha, akunakwenzeka ukuhlula i-asethi 50/50. Masithi uRoger noMila banendlu, kodwa kungekho kwindlela yezinye iimpahla. Esi sibini sinabantwana abathathu, kwaye uMila uya kuba nelungelo lokugcinwa. Ufuna ukugcina indlu yentsapho. Indlu ine-$ 100,000. Ngaphantsi kweemeko, amaqela angathengisa indlu kwaye ahlule ukulingana. Kodwa, ngenxa yokuba uMila ufuna ukugcina indlu, uyavuma ukuhlawula i-Roger $ 500 ngenyanga aze ahlawule i-$ 50,000 okanye ade athengise indlu kwaye uyakwazi ukuhlawula loo mbopheleleko.
Imbopheleleko kaMila kuRoger ayikhutshwanga kwimeko yeSahluko 7. Kodwa, ukuba iMila ifake iifayile zeSahluko 13, loo matyala inokukhutshwa.
Ukusebenzisa i-Bankruptcy ekulawuleni ii-DSOs kunye nezinye izibophelelo ezidibeneyo
Nangona inkxaso kunye nezinye iitalato ezihlobene nokuqhawula umtshato azikwazi ukukhutshwa kwiimeko zeSahluko 7, zihlala zilawulwa kwimeko yeSahluko 13. Isahluko 13 isicwangciso sokuhlawula phantsi kokukhuselwa kwenkundla yebhanki. Isicwangciso solawulo lwehlabathi jikelele ukuba zonke iitalato zetyala ziphathwa kwiplani ngandlela-thile.
Ziziphi iimbambiso eziphambili? Inkokhelo yebhanki ibeka phambili izikweletu ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanye amatyala ahlawulelwa phambi kwabanye xa kungekho zaneleyo izibonelelo zokuhlawula iipesenti ezingama-100 zabangangomangali. Ngokomzekelo, izibophelelo zenkxaso yasekhaya zibaluleke kakhulu kodwa ezinye iindleko ezikhuselekile, njengamakhadi-mboleko kunye neengxelo zonyango, zinikezelwa phambili. Oku kubalulekile kwimeko yeSahluko 13 xa umboleki engenzi imali eyaneleyo kwaye akakwazi ukwenza imali ephezulu ngokwaneleyo kwikhosi yesicwangciso sokuhlawula zonke izibophelelo zakhe.
Ukuze iSahluko 13 isicwangciso sokuvunyelwa yinkantolo, kufuneka sihlawule iitalato ezithile eziphambili kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwemihlanu. (Ubude becebo luxhomekeke kwingeniso yentsapho yomboleki.) Lezo zikolo-mboleko eziphambili zibandakanya inkxaso engeyiyo inkunkuma kunye nezibophelelo zokwahlula ipropati. Iimali eziphambili azibandakanyi izibophelelo ezivela ngaphandle kokwenza izivumelwano ezingenakubungozi okanye izibonelelo esichazwe njengemali endaweni yexabiso. Abo babini baphathwa njengama-credit card kunye neebhilidi zonyango.
Iingxowa-mali ezingezihlawulwa ezingabhalwa phantsi ziza kukhishwa kwiSahluko 13: Xa abanamatyala bengenayo imali engenayo eyaneleyo yokuhlawula zonke iimbopheleleko zakhe, unokusasaza isicwangciso sokubuyisela esihlawulela ubuncinane loo matyala atyala. Kwinqanaba eliye lasala kulo, ababolekisi bokuqala abaza kubelana nabo baya kubelana nabo.
Umzekelo : UMila uhlawula inkxaso yabantwana kuRoger, kodwa xa elahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, akakwazanga ukuhlawula kwaye ukuxhaswa kwabantwana ukubuyiswa kwemali ngoku i $ 15,000. Xa efumana umsebenzi omtsha, unquma ukufaka ifayile yeSahluko 13. Uya kuhlawula loo mali eyi-15,000 kwi-plan yesicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu. Unayo imali engama-20,000 kwi-credit card yamatyala kunye ne-$ 50,000 uhlawulwa nguRoger ngenxalenye yakhe yobulungisa bekhaya. Emva kokuhlawula zonke iindleko zakhe ezifanelekileyo neziyimfuneko nganye nyanga, unayo kuphela i-$ 400 eyishiywe ukunikela kwiSahluko 13 isicwangciso. Ukumalunga nama-$ 250 e-$ 400 yokuhlawulwa kuya kufuneka ahambe ku-Roger ukuba ahlawule i-15,000 zama-$ ekupheleni kwesi cwangciso se-five year. ISahluko 13 umphathiswa uya kugcina i-$ 15 njengemali yakhe yokulawula imeko. Okushiya iifizi ezili-135 ngenyanga, okanye i-$ 8,100 iyonke iinyanga ezingaphezu kwe-60 kubo bonke abanye abatyala.
Ekupheleni kwesicwangciso seSahluko 13 seMila sika-60, uRoger uya kuhlawulwa ngokugcwele kwi-claim ye-claim, kodwa abanye ababolekisi baya kufumana ngaphantsi kwama-12 ekhulwini lamabango abo. Akukho nto eyahlukileyo kuba phantsi kwekhowudi ye-bankruptcy, uMila uye wakwenza umgudu wakhe omkhulu kwaye uhlawule ibango le-Roger. Amanye amatyala akhe aya kukhutshwa. Abanye abatyala imali kufuneka baneliswe yiloo nto abayifumeneyo.
Yaye iquka indawo yokuhlala yaseRoger. Njengetyala elingenanto yokuqala, uRoger uya kufumana kuphela into efunyenwe ngabanye ababolekisi bemali-mboleko, iipesenti ezili-12 zeedola ezingama-50 000.
Ukuhlawula ii-DSOs KwiSahluko se-13 seNyanga 13
Nangona inkxaso yenkxaso yomntwana ayinakukhutshwa, ungathatha iminyaka emihlanu ukuyihlawula kwiSahluko 13 ngelixa ukhuselwa yinkantolo yokubhankanya. Umxhasi wemali-mboleko unako ukuthatha isenzo kuloo matyala nje kuphela xa wenza iintlawulo zakho ngokwesi sicwangciso sakho kwaye uqhubeka neembopheleleko zakho zangoku.