Qala uCwangciso loPhulo lwaMhlalaphantsi ngokugxila kwi-Independence yezeMali
Izicwangciso zezemali zibalulekile ukuba uqala kwi-career yakho, uhamba kwisixeko esitsha soshishino, okanye uzama ukuphucula ikhaya lakho okanye indlu.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unjengezinye ezininzi izifundo ezidlulileyo, unokuba neengxaki zokucinga ngomhlalaphantsi ekubeni unokuqala ubomi bakho emva kwesikolo. Ukusebenzisa umxholo wokuqala nokuphela kwengqondo, nakhu iziphakamiso zokukunceda ukufezekisa inkululeko yemali (aka "umhlalaphantsi" kwezinye iindidi):
1. Sungula isicwangciso sezimali esibhaliweyo esinokuguquguquka
Khawukhumbule ukuba isicwangciso sakho semali asiyi kubukeka nantoni na efana nesicwangciso sezimali sabazali bakho. Unokuqala ukudala isicwangciso sakho esibhaliweyo ngokwenza uluhlu lweenjongo ze-"SMART" zezimali. Kodwa musa ukuma apho! Qinisekisa ukudala uluhlu lwezinye iinjongo zobomi ezibalulekileyo uze uzibeke ngokubhaliweyo. Abanye abantu bafumanisa ukuba ukudala "ibhodi yephupha" kuyindlela efanelekileyo yokujonga ngephambili iinjongo zakho kwaye uhlale ucacile.
Xa udala uluhlu lwakho lweenjongo zobomi ungabandakanya uludwe oluhlukileyo lweemeko zobomi ezinokuthi zibe ngaphaya kwelo xesha.
Ezi zinto zinokuba zizinto ezingaziwayo ebomini ofuna ukuba ugqityiwe kwaye usebenze kwisicwangciso sakho semali. Imizekelo embalwa ibandakanya ukuthenga ikhaya lokuqala, ukutshata, ukuba nomntwana, ukubuyela esikolweni okanye ukuthatha ixesha elifutshane ukuhamba ngehlabathi.
Ukuthatha ixesha lokudala uluhlu olubhaliweyo lweenjongo zakho zobomi kunokukunceda uhlale ugxininise kwizinto ezibalulekileyo kuwe ngeli xesha elibalulekileyo lobomi.
Isicwangciso sezimali esibhaliweyo sinikeza imisebenzi ebonakalayo engaqhelekanga njengokuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ukulondoloza, kunye nokutshala injongo nenjongo.
Ngoko unokuqiniseka njani ukuba isicwangciso sakho semali sinempembelelo kunezicwangciso "zendabuko" zangaphambili? Unokuqala ngokugcina isicwangciso sakho sifutshane kwaye silula kwaye akudingeki ukuba sibe ngaphezu kwecebo elilodwa lekhasi elilodwa.
2. Yenza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali okanye icebo lokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezichanekileyo kwaye liguquguquke
Ukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukufumana inkululeko yemali enyanisekileyo kufuneka uqikelele ukuba uhlukile kumntu oqhelekileyo. Umyinge waseMerika akahambisani nesicwangciso senkcitho. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali alufanele lube lukhulu okanye lukhuni umntu. Enyanisweni, umele ube nesicwangciso esinika izikhokelo zenkcitho jikelele phambi kokuba inyanga iqalise.
Kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olusebenzayo. Izixhobo zokulandelela kwi-intanethi njenge-Mint ne-YouNeedABudget zizinye zezixhobo ezininzi ezikhoyo ukunceda. Nantsi icebo lokusebenzisa imali elula usebenzisa indlela elula yespredishithi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukhetha ukwenza njani uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kubalulekile ukuba usebenzise isicwangciso senkcitho njengesikhokelo kungakhathaliseki ukuba ufumana ingeniso okanye inzuzo.
3. Yenza imali ngokuzenzekelayo
Xa uhlola isicwangciso sakho senkcitho kufuneka uzame ukubeka imali njengento ephambili.
Njalo uzama ukugcina ubuninzi ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa gxininisa ekugcineni uhlobo olulungileyo lwee-akhawunti. Ingxowa-mali yexakeka ngenye yeendawo zokuqala ukulawula imizamo yakho yokulondoloza. Abaninzi bamacwangcisi bemali batusa ukuzama ukugcina ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6 zeendleko zokuphila ezisisiseko kwiakhawunti eyahlukileyo kwi-akhawunti yakho yokujonga nganye imihla. Le yinjongo efanelekileyo yesikhathi eside kodwa ingaba ngumgomo onzima ukufikelela xa uqala nje kwiprogram entsha emva kokugqiba.
Ngexesha le-20 kunye neye-30 kukho ukutyekela ukuvumela ukuhlaziywa kwamhlanje kukukwenza kube nzima ukufumana ukulinganisela phakathi kwezinto ezikhoyo kunye nokucwangciswa kwexesha elizayo. Yingakho uza kuba nempumelelo engaphezulu ekufikeleleni iinjongo zakho xa ukhetha ukwenza i-automate imali ngokuchithwa kwemivuzo okanye ukutshintshwa ngokuzenzekelayo okungenani kwi-10 ekhulwini yengeniso yakho.
4. Qaphela xa kulungile ukubeka phambili ukuhlawulwa kwetyala ngaphambi kokulondoloza
Kukho imbalwa embalwa kwiinjongo zokugqibela zokugcina iinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6 zeendleko zokuhlala kwi-fund saving funds. Enye yalezo zikhethi ukuba ngaba unamakhadi ekhredithi ephezulu okanye ezinye iimali mboleko. Kwimeko enjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuseka "ingxowa-mali yongxamiseko" engaba yi-1-2k uze wenze iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo kwilo matyala kunye nangaphezulu nangaphezulu kweentlawulo ezincinci ezifunekayo. Enye yemikhwa engcono yezemali ukudala ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakho kukuhlala uhlawula ibhalansi epheleleyo ngenxa yamakhadi-mboleko ngenyanga.
5. Gwema izilingo ezizayo ukususa imali kwiakhawunti yakho yomhlalaphantsi
Iintsuku zokusebenzela umqeshi omnye kulo msebenzi wonke sele ziphele. Ngoko akumangalisi ukuba umsebenzi wakho wokuqala emva kokugqwesa awuyi kuba ngowokugqibela. Abantu abaninzi benza impazamo yokukhipha izicwangciso zokuthatha umhlala-phantsi xa betshintsha imisebenzi kunokuba bazuze kwi-post-tax poster 401 (k) okanye i-rollovers ye-IRA. Akunjalo kuphela ama-401 (k) ahoxiswa phantsi kwe-10 ekhulwini ukuhlawulwa kwexesha lokutsala. Ukususela kumava am nje njengomcwangcisi wezezimali, ndifumene ukunikezelwa kwesicwangciso somhlala-phantsi kwangaphambili ukuba kubekho yezona zinto ezibangela iingxaki zerhafu ze-IRS kunye nesigqibo abantu abaninzi baya kugcina bezisola kamva ebomini.
6. Qaphela ukuba umlinganiselo wakho wekhredithi ubalulekile kodwa awuqinisekisile inkululeko yemali
Ewe, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele kwaye uhlaziye ikhredithi yakho ... kodwa ungagxili phezu kwayo. Oko kuthethwa, akufanele ulinde uze ulungele ukuthenga imoto okanye indlu ukujonga amanqaku akho. Ukuba awuzange uqalise ukwakha i-credit yakho ngelixa ekholejini, khangela ezi ngcebiso ukuze uqalise. Unokutyelela iisayithi zamahhala ezifana newebhusayithi ye-Annual Credit Report.com ukuze ufumane iingxelo zekhredithi kwiTranshana, Equifax kunye ne-Experian. Ezinye izibonelelo ezinjengeendleko ezifana neKharma yeKharma kunye neSesh Sesame ziya kukuvumela ukuba ujonge amanqaku akho. Ezi ziza kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokubeka iliso zekhredithi zamahhala ezingakunceda xa kuqhekeza into engavumelekanga kwi-credit card yakho.
Isinyathelo esona siphumo sonyathelo sezemali kukunyamekela ingxelo yakho yemali ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okukhusela i-credit kunye nobuni bakho bezemali. Khawukhumbule nje ukuba amanqaku amanqaku amatyala aza kukunceda ukuba ufanele ukufumana amanani omgangatho okhuphisanayo kwii-mortgages ezizayo kwaye unokukunceda udibanise inkokhelo ekhoyo ukuba inomyinge ophantsi. Inkululeko yemali yenene iya kwenzeka xa uphelile ityala kwaye akusayi kudingeka ukuba uthembele kumanqaku ekhredithi.
7. Gxininisa kwizinto eziphambili kwimali kunokuvumela ukuboleka kwemali mboleko kubafundi bakhokele izigqibo zakho
Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwakutsha nje, umboleko wesikolo-mboleko somfundi eklasini ka-2016 yi-$ 37,172. Imali-mboleko yabafundi ngokucacileyo ibonakale ikhulu kakhulu xa uqala ukuphumelela esikolweni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlawula ezikhoyo kwaye kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iimali-mboleko zomfundi akuyena kuphela uhlobo lokuhlawulwa kwetyala. Eminye imfuno ebalulekileyo kwimali efana nokuhlawula phantsi kwetyala lomthengi ophezulu (umzekelo, amakhadi ekwereta, iimali-mboleko) zidlalwa njengeyona nto ephambili. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuseka isikhwama sakho senkululeko yemali (aka "isikhwama sengxamiseko") ngaphambi kokuba wenze iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo kwiimali-mboleko zomfundi.
8. Chaza ukuba kukuphi ukuzimela kwemali kuthetha kuwe
Ndineli thuba lokuthetha nabafundi abaphumelele kwindleko yam njengomfundisi wezezimali. Nangona ezininzi zale ngxoxo zemali zijolise ekulondolozeni nasekutsaleni umhlala-phantsi andisebenzisi igama elithi "umhlalaphantsi" kakhulu. Emva komsebenzi weminyaka eyi-16 njengomcwangcisi wezemali, mna ndifumanisa ukuba igama lomhlalaphantsi libe yinto enzima kakhulu ukuchaza. Inyani yinto yokuba ngamnye wethu kufuneka abe nencazelo yakhe ekhethekileyo yomhlalaphantsi. Kodwa kunzima kakhulu kubafundi abaphumelele ukugqithisa ingcamango yobomi emva komsebenzi kuba amaninzi amatye aqala ukuqala imisebenzi emitsha.
Esikhundleni sokuba ugxile kwiinjongo zesikhathi eside kwaye uzama ukuqikelela oko kuza kwenzeka kwakho, zibeka ugxininiso ekucaciseni ukuba yiyiphi inkululeko yemali efana nawe apha nangoku.
Ukhangele phambili ukwenza ntoni kuninzi? Unandipha njani ukuchitha ixesha lakho namhlanje? Ziziphi iinjongo zobomi ozayo ofuna ukuzifezekisa?
Ngelishwa, akusiyo sonke esilungiselelwe ngokusesikweni ukucwangcisa ikusasa kwaye kulula ukuvumela izigqibo zezimali ze- YOLO zikhokelo. Ungavumeli uhlaziyo lwangoku lubangele iinjongo zakho ezilungileyo okanye kukuthintele ukwenza naluphi na ucwangciso lwekamva.
9. Se benzisa ikhowudi yentela ukuba ugweme ngokusemthethweni iintlawulo kwaye ukwandise ukonga kwakho
Akubona wonke umntu unalo ixesha, amandla, okanye umnqweno wokuqonda ikhowudi yentlawulo ye-IRS. Kodwa ukuba uzinike ixesha elaneleyo lokuqonda izinto ezisisiseko uya kuba kwindlela yokukhawuleza inkululeko yemali. Qala ngokunikela ngokubanzi ngangokunokwenzeka kwi-401 (k) okanye isicwangciso somhlala phantsi emsebenzini. Kancinci, kufuneka uhlale ufumana inxaxheba ngokugcwele nayiphi na iminikelo ehambelana nomqeshi wakho. Emva koko gxininisa ekukhetheni indawo efanelekileyo ye-asethi yakho yokugcina umhlalaphantsi. I-pre-tax tax vs. Roth 401 (k) isigqibo ngokusekelwe ngokusisiseko ukuba ngaba ufuna ikhefu lentlawulo ngoku (ngaphambi kwentela) okanye kwixesha elizayo (Roth).
Ukuba awunalo isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi ofumanekayo kuwe ngomqeshi unako ukufaka isandla kwi-Roth IRA. Ukuba unesicwangciso esiphakamileyo sokunakekelwa kwezempilo esilungeleyo se- HSA , yenza igalelo kunakho konke ukwenzela ukunciphisa irhafu yakho namhlanje. Iindaba ezilungileyo kunye ne-HSA kukuba uya kuba nako ukukhupha le ntlawulo yerhafu naliphi na ixesha kwiindleko zonyango kwaye unokukunceda ukuncedisa imali yakho yomhlalaphantsi.
Ukususela kumbono wocwangciso lwezemali, iminyaka elandela ukugqiba ixesha elibalulekileyo ukuqala ukubeka isiseko ukufezekisa inkululeko yemali ngokukhawuleza. Ngelishwa, akuzona zonke izikolo ezifundisa ezi zifundo zemali ezibalulekileyo kunye namava ngokuqhelekileyo yindlela efanelekileyo yokufunda. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omkhathalelayo ngumfundi osandul 'ukugqiba ngokuqinisekileyo uya kugubha ukufezekiswa kwakho kwaye ubeke isiteji ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka ukuba kube nzima ukuzimela ngokwezimali kwemisebenzi.