Xa singenzi oko, senza iimeko ezingekho phantsi kweemeko ezibangelwa ngababolekisi abangazange bahlawulwe.
Lo mgaqo uphinde ubhekisele emuva kwizenzo zamalungu ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe ityala. Xa umntu onetyala (umntu ofake ityala le-bankruptcy) uhlawula abanye abathengi kodwa akayi kuhlawula abanye abathengi abafanayo ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe ityala le-bankruptcy, umboleki kuthiwa wenze iintlawulo ezikhethiweyo kwiintlucky (okanye ezingenakungqangi - jonga ngezantsi) mboleki. Izintando ziyancatshiswa kwimeko ephosakeleyo.
Iintlobo zeMatyala
Ukulungiselela iinjongo zebhanki, ityala liza kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo, okanye kwiindidi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ityala liya kulahlelwa kwelinye leentlobo ezine:
- Ulawulo - ezo matyala eziyimfuneko ukulawulwa kwetyala lokutsalwa, njengemali yommeli okanye iimali zomphathiswa.
- I-General Unsecured - amakhadi ekweretheni, iibhilikhwe zonyango, ityala lezorhwebo, iimali-mboleko ezisayinwe zibandakanya isithembiso sokuhlawula ngaphandle kokubambisa, ityala eliqhelekileyo njenge-IOUs, kunye nemali mboleko evela kubahlobo okanye kwintsapho
- I-Priority Not Presecured - unetyala elingakhuseliyo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukileyo esizibaluleke kakhulu okanye zibalulekile, kubandakanywa irhafu yakutsha nje, iimbopheleleko zoxhaso lwasekhaya njenge-alimony kunye nenkxaso yabantwana
- I- matyala ekhuselekile ngokubambisa njengemali-mboleko yemoto okanye iimali zokuhlala ekhaya
Xa sithetha malunga nababolekisi abafana nabo, sithetha ngabathengi ngoluhlobo oluthile lwetyala, njengabo bonke ababolekiweyo abangabakhuseliyo okanye bonke ababolekiweyo abanokubaluleka.
Ukukhetha Omnye uMgcini-mgcini kwenye
Nangona kunjalo sinokukhetha ukuba ngubani, yintoni, nini kunye nendlela esihlawula ngayo ababolekisi bethu, kungakhathaliseki naziphi na izivumelwano esinazo nabo, inkqubo yebhanki iyicinga ukuba sihlawula bonke abakweleta ngendlela efanayo. Ngokomzekelo, senza inkokhelo encinci kumakhadi ethu ekwereta ngenyanga. Phantsi kweemeko ezininzi, asiyi kukhetha ukuba ngubani na obolekisi ukuba bahlawule. Ngamnye uya kuhlawulwa ubuncinci ubuncinane. Ezinye zihlawulwa ngakumbi, ezinye zingaphantsi.
Ngoko, kutheni ukhetha ukuhlawula umboleki omnye ngaphezu kwabanye? Unokuba nesizathu esisemthethweni sokwenza oko. Ngokomzekelo, ikhadi lakho leVisa linakho inzala ephezulu ngaphezu kwe-Mastercard yakho, ngoko ufuna ukuyihlawula ngokukhawuleza. Okanye mhlawumbi unalo ibhalansi ephezulu.
Kodwa, kuthekani ukuba uthe waxinwa ngemali kwaye unayo kuphela eyaneleyo ukuhlawula abathengi, kodwa kungekhona abanye? Ukuba awuzange uyihlawule i-Visa, kodwa i-Mastercard ehlawulwayo yikhokhela, ngaba yi-Visa? Kuthekani ukuba unetyala kumkhwezala wakho kwaye ufuna ukuqinisekiswa ukuba uhlawulwe ngaphambi kokuba ufake ifowuni?
Ezi ntlawulo ezingalingani zibizwa ngokuba zikhetho okanye ukutshintshwa okukhethiweyo.
Yintoni Eyenza Yithande?
Ukukhethwa kwintlawulo kufuneka ihlangabezane neempendulo ezihlanu:
- Ukutshintshwa kufuneka kube yinzuzo yomboleki.
- Ukutshintshwa kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukuhlawula ityala elichasene nalo (ityala elapho ngaphambi kokutshintshwa).
- Udluliselo kufuneka lwenziwe xa umntu obolekayo ehlaselwa.
- Ukutshintshwa kwenzeka ngaphakathi kweentsuku eziyi-90 zokufakela i-bankruptcy, okanye omnye unyaka ukuba umboleki-mboleko wayenguye.
- Umboleki-mali wathola okungaphezulu kunokuba ayifumene kwimeko yeSahluko 7 ukuba akukho tshintshelo lwenziwa.
Ukuphepha ukukhetha
Ngoko ke, senzani na? Ikhowudi ye-bankruptcy inikezela i-trustee ilungelo lokubamba imali eyinikwe abakhweletayo ngokukhethekileyo kunye nokuyibuyisela kwakhona kubo bonke abathengi abafanayo nakwezinye, okanye ngokuzithandela . Oku kubizwa ukuphepha ukukhetha.
Nangona unelungelo lokuhamba emva kwayo yonke imeko apho ubonakala ukhetha umboleki omnye komnye, umphathiswa ulinganiselwe kwinxalenye yindleko yophando kunye namanyathelo afunekayo ukuqokelela imali, inkqubo yamabango evela kwabanye ababolekisi kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona ngeniso.
Nje ixesha elifunekayo lokuphonononga yonke into eyenziwa ngaphambi kokubhankanya imali iya kuba yinto engaphezulu kunoma yintoni inzuzo kwifa le-bankruptcy. Ngako oko, ikhowudi ye-bankruptcy idinga ukuba umntu onetyala adibanise kwiishedyuli ze-bankruptments ezenziwe kwixesha le-90 ngaphambi kokuba ahlawulwe, kodwa kuphela ukuba imali yokuhlawula ($) engama- $ 600 okanye ngaphezulu kumntu-mboleko omnye kwilo xesha.
Nangona kunjalo, umphathiswa angasebenzisa isigwebo sakhe ukugqiba ukuba ngaba kuya kusebenza ukulandela loo mali. Isixa sinye. Enye into yinto edlalwa ngamanye amaxesha ngokuthi "imfuno ebalulekileyo yolu vavanyo". Inkokhelo yinto ekhethwa ngayo kuphela kwinto yokuba idlulele kuyo loo mthengi ukuba ayifumene (ukucinga ukuba le ngxaki yeSahluko 7 .
Nasi umzekelo: Cinga ukuba unayo i-$ 10,000 kwipropati engekho. Unabathengi abisibhozo, elowo oye wafaka ibango elifanelekileyo enkundleni. Zonke izinto zilingana, ngamnye wabo abo babolekisi baya kufumana i-$ 1,250 kwimeko yebhanki.
Mhlawumbi uhlawule umboleki-mali we-$ 2,000 ngaphambi kokufakwa. Lo mboleki uza kufumana i-$ 750 engaphezulu kunokuba afanelekile, kwaye bekuya kuba ne-$ 750 ngaphantsi kwedibanini kwabanye abatyala imali. Umphathiswa unelungelo lokucela le $ 750. Kodwa ngaba ixabiso? Umphathiswa kufuneka aqikelele inzuzo yokulandela i-$ 750 egameni labanye ababolekisi. Ukuqwalasela umyalelo we-trustee ngu-25% okanye ngaphantsi kwayo yonke into ehamba ngezandla zakhe, mhlawumbi akunakusebenza kakuhle ukulwa nzima loo $ 750.
Umthetho weentsuku ezingama-90
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-trustees ziza kubheka kuphela iinketho ezenziwe kwiintsuku ezingama-90 phambi kokuba ityala lifakwe. Kodwa oko akunzima kwaye kukhawuleza. Kulula kubaphathiswa ukuphepha ukukhethwa kweso sihlandlo kuba ngummiselo, umntu onetyala ufunyaniswa ukuba angabikho kwixesha. Ukumangalelwa akuyinto engaphezu kokucinga ukuba unokutshatyalaliswa ngobungqina. Ukuba umboleki-mboleko angabonisa ukuba umntu obolekayo uyasombulula xa kukhethwa ukhetho, kuya kuba nzima ukuba itrasti ibonise ukuba intlawulo yayikhethiweyo. Ngokufanayo, umphathiswa angazama ukukhusela iintlawulo ezenziwe emva kwexesha elimalunga neminyaka engama-90 ekhangele ixesha lokubuyela emva ukuba wayenobungqina bokuba umboleki ulahlekele kude.
I-Insider Rule
Enyanisweni, i-trustee inokubuyela emva konyaka ukuba ummkeli wentlawulo wayenguye. Abangaphandle baquka abentsapho, abahlobo, amaqabane abashishino, abantu okanye iinkampani ezinxibelelwano olukhethekileyo kumboleki. Nayiphi na intlawulo kwi-insider kufuneka ibhengezwe kwaye iya kuxhomekeke ekuhlaziyweni njengokhetho.
Okukhethwa kwePropati
Izintando ezinokuthi zingabakho ngendlela yokutshintshwa kwepropati ngokunjalo. Ukutshintshwa kwemoto ngokuhlawulwa kwetyala kubazala kamasipala kuyasebenza njengoko kukho nayiphi na intlawulo yemali kwaye iya kuphathwa ngokufanayo nakuphi na uhlalutyo. Ngokwenene, nokuba ukuhlaziywa okanye ukuchithwa kwezinto kungabonwa njengentlawulo ekhethekileyo.
Ngaba ukugwema ukukhetha okulungileyo kummkeli?
Impendulo emfutshane inguwe, ukhetho lulungele umthengi-mboleko ngenxa yokuba umboleki-mboleko ekugqibeleni akafumani kwakhona intlawulo kunokuba wayefumene ukuba umntu onetyala wayezihlawula ngokufanelekileyo kwaye phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.
Masenze sengathi umbolekisi uyihlo obolekisile ama-5,000. Ucinga malunga nokufakela ityala le-bankruptcy. Ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyihlo uyahlawulwa phambi komntu wonke. Ngoko usebenzisa okokugqibela kwezixhobo zakho ukuhlawula oko ufunwa nguye.
Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva u tyelela ummeli we-bankruptcy. Uya kukucela ukuba uluhlu lweentlawulo ozenzileyo kwiintsuku eziyi-90 ezedlule kunye neentlawulo ozenzileyo kubahlali abangaphaya kwonyaka odlulileyo. Kule meko, ubaba wakho uya kulungeleka ukuba ngumntu ongaphakathi. Intlawulo iya kubhengezwa.
Masithi unamaRandi ayi-10 000 kwiimpahla ezingaxhasiweyo ukuba umphathiswa angathengisa kwaye asebenzise ukuhlawula abathengi. Unabathengi abayishumi, ngamnye kubo oza kufumana i-$ 1000. Ngokucacileyo, uyihlo wathola okungaphezulu kunokuba wayenokufumana ukuba awuzange uyihlawule. Ukuba umphathiswa uya kubuya i-$ 5,000 evela kobawo kwaye uyongeza kwidibanti yeempahla ezingasasazwa, umboleki ngamnye uya kufumana i-$ 1500, kuquka noyihlo.
Ngaba kulungile? Ewe. Ngaba uyihlo uyakuthanda? Cha. Kunengcamango enzima kwabanye ababolekisi ukuba baqonde, ngakumbi abo bangabandakanyekanga kwizorhwebo.
Oku akuthethi ukuba unqatshelwe ukuhlawula uyihlo. Nangona lonke ityala olihlawulwayo likhishwe ngokomthetho, akukho nto kwimithetho ye-bankruptcy evumela ukuba ungayikhokheli emva kokuba ityala le-bankruptcy liphelile.
Okuthandayo kunye noTyala oluPhezulu okanye oluPhambili
Amandla okukhusela aphantsi kwetrasti asetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza ngokubhekiselele kumatyala aqinisekileyo nakwi-priority. Ityala elikhuselekile linendawo ekhethekileyo ngenxa yesivumelwano phakathi komboleki kunye nomboleki ukuba i-aseset yomboleki ingathengiswa ukuhlawula ityala. Ngaba umphathiswa wayephephe ukukhetha okuhlawulwe kwi-matyala aqinisekileyo, intlawulo iya kuthatyathwa yipropati yomboleki. Ngoko, bekuya kuhlamba.
Ityala eliphambili linendawo ekhethekileyo ngenxa yokuba iCongress izimisele ukuba amatyala athile ngezizathu zomgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka ahlawulelwe phambi kwamatyala angakhuselekanga. Iingxowa-mboleko eziphambili eziqhelekileyo zihambelana nokuxhamla, ukuxhasa abantwana kunye neentlawulo zakutshanje. Naliphi na imali i-trustee iqokelela iya kuqala ekuhlawuleleni nayiphi na iitalato eziphambili. Ngenxa yoko, akuqhelekanga ukuba i-trustee iphephe iintlawulo kubanini-mboleko abaninzi abangaqinisekanga kwaye loo mali ihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo ukuba ithathe umhlala phantsi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nayiphi na intlawulo kwiingxowa-mboleko eziphambili eziza kuthintela umphathiswa zizakubuyiselwa kubabambisi bokuqala.
Ngaphandle kweMigaqo
Wonke umgaqo unemibandela yayo kwaye amandla e-trustee ukuphepha ukutshintshwa okukhethiweyo akufani. Nazi ezinye ezithathu eziqhelekileyo.
Ukutshintshiselana ngokuchanekileyo : Xa uhlawula ukuthenga okwenzayo ngexesha elifanayo, akukho nto ikhethayo. Okuthandayo kufuneka kube ngamatyala asele ekhona ngaphambi kokutshintshwa kwemali.
Ikhosi eqhelekileyo : Xa usebenza "kwikhondo eliqhelekileyo lezoshishino." Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unomashishini, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo uhlawula invoyisi iintsuku ezingama-30 emva kokufundwa kwempahla, wenza iintlawulo zakho kwikhosi eqhelekileyo yezoshishino, kwaye azidluliswanga.
Ixabiso elitsha : Ukuba uhlawula umntu ngenkokhelo sele sele ubolekisile, kodwa umbolekisi ke unika inani elitsha, intlawulo ayikhethwanga. Umzekelo wexabiso elitsha uza kuba ngumthengisi weempahla zokuthunyelwa kuwe emva kokuhlawula ibhaso evelele.