Ezi zinyithi ezintle zisondelelene kunye netafile
Ezi zinyithi ezintle zisondelelene kunye netafile, kwaye zonke zibizwa ngokuba "yintsimbi yenguqu." Bangakwazi ukwahlukana ngokwengeziwe kumaqela angaphantsi: ama-iridium-group platinum element elements (IPGEs) kunye neenkampani ze-palladium-platinum group (PPGEs).
IiPGM ezintandathu zi:
- Iridium (Ir)
- Osmium (Os)
- Palladium (Pd)
- Platinum (Pt)
- Rhodium (Rh)
- Ruthenium (Ru)
I-IPGE iquka i-osmium, i-iradium, ne-ruthenium, ngelixa i-PPGE i-rhodium, i-platinum, kwaye kunjalo, i-palladium.
Iimpawu zePlatinum Group Metals
I-Platinum mhlawumbi iyaziwayo kakhulu kweli qela lezinyithi, ngenxa yokuba inxalenye enkulu ekusebenziseni kwayo kwizinto zokugqoka. Lixinene, lizinzile, kwaye lingaqhelekanga, kwaye lisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo zeekhompyutha.
I-palladium yincinci ephothiweyo, e-white-silvery-value white for its catalytic properties. Inombono ophezulu wokuqhaqhazela kodwa indawo ephantsi kakhulu yokutyungqa yonke i-PGM.
Zombili iplatinum kunye ne-palladium zidla ngokusetyenziswa njengezinto zokutshintsha, ezithetha ukuba zikhawuleze iimpendulo zeekhemikhali ngaphandle kokuba zitshintshwe ngokwamachiza kwinkqubo.
I-Iridium, ithathwa njengeyona nkunkuma inqabileyo, inokuxhathisa i-salts, i-oxides, kunye ne-acid acids, kodwa ichaphazeleka yi-sodium chloride kunye ne-sodium cyanide.
Inomgangatho ophezulu wokuqhaqhaza kwaye awuxhomeki kulungelelaniso, okwenza ube ngumbono onamandla kakhulu.
I-Rhodium ne-iridium inzima kwaye nzima kunzima ukusebenzisana nayo, nangona iimveliso zeekhemikhali zalezi zinyithi zombini zixabiswa kwizicelo ezininzi ze-alloy. I-Rhodium ixabiswa njengento ekhuselayo kwaye ibonakalisa kakhulu.
Kwakhona kunombane ophantsi ombane kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci kunye nozinzo.
I-Ruthenium kunye ne-osmium zinzima kwaye zinzima, kwaye zinokumelana nokunyanzeliswa kwimizi-oxidation, kodwa zizona zongezelelo ze-alloy kunye ne-catalysts.
Izicelo zePlatinum Group Metals
Ii-PGM zihlala zisetyenziselwa njengezinto zokukhusela ngenxa yokuzinza kweekhemikhali, kodwa azikhawulelwanga kule nxaxheba. Ngokwe-International Platinum Group Metals Association (IPA), enye yekota yazo zonke iimveliso ezenziwe ziquka iPGM okanye i-PGM idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yayo.
Iminye imizekelo yezicelo zokuphela kokusetyenziswa zibandakanya: njengezixhobo zecandelo le-petroleum (i-palladium ne-platinum), kwi-pacemakers kunye nezinye izilwanyana zonyango (iridium kunye neplatinum), njenge-stain for fingerprints kunye ne-DNA (osmium), ekwenzeni i-nitric acid (rhodium), kunye nakwamachiza, njengokucoca i-liquids, i-adhesives, kunye nepeyinti (ruthenium).
Iipropati zePlatinum Group Metals
Platinum | Palladium | Rhodium | Iridium | IRuthhenium | Osmium | |
| Uphawu lweMikhali | Pt | Pd | IRha | Ir | Ru | Os |
| Ubuninzi (g / cm 3 ) | 21.45 | 12.02 | 12.41 | 22.65 | 12.45 | 22.61 |
| Inqaku lokuxuba (° C) | 1,769 | 1,554 | 1,960 | 2,443 | 2,310 | 3,050 |
| Vickers ubunzima cha. * | 40 | 40 | 101 | 220 | 240 | 350 |
| Ukuhlaliswa kombane (microhm.cm kwi-0 ° C) | 9.85 | 9.93 | 4.33 | 4.71 | 6.80 | 8.12 |
| Ukuqhuba i-thermal (watts / meter / ° C | 73 | 76 | 150 | 148 | 105 | 87 |
| Tensile strength* (kg / mm 2 ) | 14 | 17 | 71 | 112 | 165 | - |