Ubudala, Ukuxhaswa, ukuThuthukiswa kunye nokuPhucula
Utatomkhulu watshela uSally ukuba uya kumshiya i-$ 40,000 kwiikholeji ngokuthanda kwakhe. Ngoku uNdlunkulu uswelekile, kwaye ummangaleli utshela uSally ukuba akafumani i-40,000 zamaRandi awayekulindele. Kweneke ntoni?
Amathuba kukuba i-Sally ye-$ 40,000 yokulwa nayo yahlaselwa, kungekhona yizinyosi zokubulala, kodwa ngumbulali "A's" ...
- Ubudala
- Ukukhutshwa
- Ukuthunyelwa
- Ukuphucula
Ubudala
Ubudala bungaba ngumqobo wokuthatha inqununu yesithintelo xa umzuzi engayithobeli .
"I- Sui juris " ibinzana lesiLatini elisetyenziselwa ukucaca intsingiselo yomthetho. I- Sui juris ithetha ukuba, "ekunene kwabo," kwaye ibhekisela kubaxhamli abanandipha amalungelo ngokupheleleyo phantsi komthetho kwaye bengabelani nabo nomgcini. abangenayo iminyaka yobudala (abaneminyaka engama-18 e-Pennsylvania) abakwaziyo ukwenza iikhontrakthi okanye abanokwenza izivumelwano okanye ukuthutha umhlaba. Ukuba uSally uneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-18, akayi kufumana i-$ 40,000. Mhlawumbi uya kugunyazisa ukuhlawula i-$ 40,000 kumgcini we-Sally phantsi kwe- Transform Uniform kuMthetho weeNcinane . umxhamli ongenako.
Ukukhutshwa
Igama elithi "adeem" lithetha ukuthatha. Ilifa ekuthandweni liyakwaneliseka ukuba ipropati engumxholo welifa ayisekho. Masicinge ukuba uMkhulukazi ushiye iSally yakhe imveliso ye-IBM ngentando yakhe.
Ngelo xesha wenza intando, isistim se-IBM sasixabisa i-$ 40,000. Emva kokuba asayine i intando, uTatomkhulu wathengisa isitokethi ukuhlawula iibhili zonyango. Emva koko wafa, engazange atshintshe intando yakhe. Kwenzekani? Kuyaxhomekeka.
Ukuba i-stock ye-IBM isitoreji esithile, oko kuthetha ukuba i-Grandpa iya kuthiwa, "Ndiya kushiya amasheya am i-IBM stock to Sally," ngoko uSally akafumani nto.
Ugogo, ngokuthengisa isitokisi, unelungelo lokufumana u-Sally.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba u-Grandpa uthe uya kuthi, "Ndinika i-IBM isamba semali engama-40,000 kwiSally," oku kubonwa njengelifa eliqhelekileyo, kungekhona elilodwa. Injongo yakhe kukuba ummeli uthenge isitishi ukuba asiyiyo eyakhe ekufeni. U-Sally unelungelo lokufumana i-IBM esithengiweyo ngumthengisi okanye ixabiso layo elilinganayo ngemali.
Uwuphi umehluko? Ilifa elilodwa okanye ubuqu obubandakanya amagama obunikazi okanye ukuchongwa. Inkokhelo ye "i-stock yami ye-IBM" ibhekisela kwizabelo ezithile. Ukholo lwe "IBM stock" alunayo. Ukuguquka kakhulu kwigama elincinane elithi "yam." Ukuba uMkhulukazi wayenze isithintelo esithile esitokisini, ngoko uSally akafumani nto. Ukuba wayenze ifa eliqhelekileyo, uSally ufumana i-$ 40,000.
Kuthekani ukuba uTatomkhulu wayengenakulungeleka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, kunye negqwetha lakhe-eqinisweni, esebenza phantsi kwegunya lommeli, wathengisa i-IBM stock? Emva koko, uSally unelungelo lokufumana ixabiso elilinganayo kwifa; ilifa alinakuncedwa nangona le nto yayingumlinganiselo othile.
Le mithetho kunye nokutolika kunzima kwaye kudideka. Ngezizathu ezicacileyo, zivame ukuphumela ekugwebeni. Kunzima ukuba uSally aqonde ukuba umahluko phakathi kwakhe ufumana i-40,000 zamawaka kwaye ukufumana i-zero ingaba igama elithi "yam" kwiNtshonalanga.
Ngenxa yeso sizathu, kuluvo olubi ukushiya iisitokethi ezithile, iibhanki okanye i-akhawunti yebhanki kumxhamli. Kunconywa ukuba ushiye abaxhamli bafumana imali okanye amaqhezu okanye amaphesenti akhoyo wonke umhlaba. Ikheshi alinakunyulwa ngenxa yokuba liyingxenye yokubamba imali kwemali, kwaye enye i-$ 50,000 chunk yayo ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa kwenye i-$ 50,000 chunk.
Ukuthunyelwa
Ukuthungulwa kukunciphisa okanye kupheliswe iindleko zokuhlawula amatyala, iindleko zolawulo kunye neerhafu. Ukuhlawulwa kwemali-mboleko ye-decedent, iindleko zokulawulwa kwefa, kunye neerhafu zazo zonke iintlobo zifunwa ukuba zihlawulwe ngaphambi kokuba nabani na abaxhamli bafumane ixabiso kwifa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iyakuchaza ukuba yeyiphi i-fund okanye iimali ezithwala umthwalo wale ntlawulo. Ukuba ukuthanda akukuboneleli, umgaqo womthetho unquma apho iintlawulo zivela khona.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, zonke iindleko zihlawulwa kwi-asethi yelifa, elidla ngokuba yinxalenye enkulu yexabiso lefa. Ukuba i-asele ayinelisekile, iintlawulo ezithile zemali okanye ipropati ukuba abaxhamli bafumaneke-bancitshiswa ngokuhlawula iindleko kunye nentlawulo.
Masicinge ukuba uNkulu-nkulu ushiye i-$ 40,000 ukuya kwi-Sally kunye ne-asele yelifa lakhe ukuya eGeorge. Ifa lakhe elingu-100,000, kodwa yena kunye nefa lakhe batyala imali kunye neerhafu eziyi-80,000 zamaRandi. Ngaphambi kokuba umculi ahlawule amatyala kunye nentlawulo, kubonakala ngathi uSally ufumana i-$ 40,000, kwaye uGeorge ufumana imali engama-60,000. Umqhubi wokuqala usebenzisa i-asele ukuhlawula amatyala kunye nentlawulo. Yonke i-$ 60,000 eyayiya kuGeorge ithathwa ngenxa yale ntlawulo; yonke inqaba yokuhlala kwiGeorge iyanqanyulwa. Emva koko, kusekho iitaliti kunye neerhafu ezingama-20,000 ezifanelekileyo. Iphuma kwi-Sally ye-$ 40,000. Ukukhwela kwakhe kuphelelwa li-$ 20,000, kwaye ufumana ama-20,000 asele.
Ukuphucula
Uphuhliso lufana nokuhamba phambili kumvuzo wakho. Ukuba umzali unikeze imali engama-R10 000 kumntwana omnye kwaye kungabanye, i-$ 10,000 ithathwa ngokuba "yimpumelelo" kwisabelo somntwana esiswini saloo ndawo kuphela xa kubhengezwa ukuba ihamba phambili ebhaliweyo. Xa kukho intando, uhlalutyo olufanayo lusebenza. Ukuba ugogo ugxotha i-$ 40,000 ukuya ku-Sally kwaye, ngaphambi kokufa uyamnika i-$ 30,000 kwiikholeji zeekholejini, unokufumana kuphela i-R10 000 ngaphantsi kokuthanda. Iingama-30,000 zeeRandi ziphathwa njengexesha elide ukuba zingaboniswa ukuba le nto yayiyinjongo kaMkhulu. Ubunzima bubhekwa "bunelisekile" ngesipho sokuphila.
Ukuba umntu uthi baya kukushiya i-$ 40,000 kwaye banike i-$ 30,000 njengengaphambili kusisipho, ke kuphela i-$ 10,000 kuphela ekhohlo yesibambiso sokuqala. Ukuba uMkhulukazi uthi ngentando yakhe ukuba isipho sasiyiyo okanye ingazange iqhubele phambili, ilizwi lakhe lilawula. Ukuba uthethile ngezipho ezinjalo, omnye umxhamli angayazi ngesipho kunye nesicelo enkundleni ukuba aqwalasele isipho sokuphila njengento yokuqhubela phambili okanye ukwaneliseka okwenziweyo. Ukunyanzeliswa kokunciphisa imali engama-40,000 ye-$ 40,000 kuya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezinokungqinelwa ukuba inzala kaNtsapho.
Ngoko, nantsi ilizwi kwizilumko. Lindela oloohlohlo lwelifa lisesandleni sakho ngaphambi kokuya kwindawo yokuthengisa okanye ukuthatha iholide lephupha.